The nutritional and medicinal value of garlic is difficult to overestimate. By adding this vegetable to your dishes, you can once and for all get rid of problems with digestion and assimilation of food. In addition, it is a preventative against many diseases. Knowing the basic rules, you can get it at any time of the year. The vegetable feels great in personal plots, gardens, vegetable gardens and even on the windowsill. It can be planted in open ground both in autumn and spring. Garlic is also very good at controlling numerous pests that attack currants, tomatoes, and strawberries. Therefore, it is recommended to plant it next to fruit, berry and vegetable crops.
Features of growing winter garlic
At the end of October or beginning of November, when the gardens are already more or less harvested, the summer residents begin a new job - preparing plots for new guests. Not knowing how to properly grow winter garlic, novice gardeners are afraid to plant the crop for the winter. Although seedlings planted in autumn are stronger and more resilient. The most important thing is to guess the weather. The cloves need to be planted about a month before prolonged frosts. If this is done ahead of time, the garlic may germinate and lose its cold resistance. When planted late, the vegetable does not have time to create a reliable root system.
Popular varieties
To get a good harvest, it is important not only to know how to grow garlic, but also to choose the right seed. The bottom of the cloves should be free of suberized crust, because it retards the growth of the crop. There are several of the most popular varieties of garlic that can withstand low temperatures well. "Komsomolets" and "Otradnensky" are suitable for planting in cold regions. They taste sharp and throw out arrows. The Komsomol bulb weighs up to 30 g and forms about 8 cloves. “Otradnensky” is a large variety; its scales are purple.
It is also worth noting the excellent taste and cold resistance of “Gribovsky Jubilee”. This garlic forms an onion with a large number of cloves, its weight reaches 40 g. Also among summer residents, the “Poretsky” and “Danilovsky local” varieties are very popular. They form a large number of cloves, are sharp, and cold-resistant.
Planting winter garlic
To get a good harvest, you should choose a suitable area with fertile soil. About a month before planting, the soil needs to be dug up, organic matter and complex fertilizers added, but fresh manure should not be used, because it is a source of fungi. The width of the beds should be about 75 cm and the height - 8 cm. It is recommended to change the planting sites for garlic annually. Large bulbs will grow in areas where zucchini, cucumbers or cabbage grew.
Beginning gardeners do not know how to grow good winter garlic. There is a little trick here - you need to calibrate the teeth. Too small, rotten, soft ones should not be taken at all. It is also not recommended to plant specimens with double fruiting bodies or several tops. Planting material should be disinfected in a 1% solution of copper sulfate. The cloves need to be planted to a depth of 5 cm, with an interval of 10 cm, the distance between the rows is recommended to be 20 cm. Garlic does not like density, because otherwise it will have to fight for space and will not be able to gain the required weight.
Garlic care and harvesting
In autumn, it is recommended to cover the area with the crop with agrofibre, leaves or spruce branches. As soon as the snow melts, the shelter should be removed. In early spring, it is important to make two fertilizings with urea; they are necessary for active vegetation. If the soil itself is poor, then for the bulb to grow, fertilizer should be applied 2 times a month throughout the growing season. As soon as the height of the arrows reaches 20 cm, they need to be pinched at a level of 5 cm. In order for the garlic to ripen faster, you need to scrape a little earth away from the bulbs.
There is no need to delay harvesting the crop; it should be done as soon as the lower leaves turn yellow. It is very important to know how to properly grow winter garlic, because if you do not have time to dig it up in time, the scales will come off and expose the cloves, and this will affect the quality of storage of the vegetable. The bulbs should be placed under a canopy for a week to dry naturally, and when the root lobe begins to crumble into dust under your fingers, you can transfer them to a permanent storage location.
Features of growing spring garlic
Fertile loamy and sandy loam soils are most suitable for planting bulbous crops. Knowing how to grow onions and garlic, you can achieve a good harvest. These vegetables are not demanding, but still have some growing features. Garlic is a light-loving plant, so it should not be planted in the shade of trees. It can be given a separate bed or placed next to fruit and berry crops or vegetables. Garlic feels good near strawberries, potatoes, raspberries, tomatoes, cucumbers, black currants, onions, gooseberries, roses, gladioli, tulips. It can be planted in areas where cabbage and legumes used to grow, but it is not recommended to combine them in one bed.
Beginning gardeners do not know how to grow healthy and large summer garlic. To do this, you need to choose good planting material, remove diseased and small teeth. It is worth updating varieties from time to time because they can degenerate. To make spring garlic grow faster, it is sprouted. The teeth are placed in a wet fabric bag and placed in a plastic bag for a couple of days. But it is not at all necessary to do all this.
Planting summer garlic
The crop must be planted in the spring, as soon as the soil warms up to +7 °C (somewhere in early or mid-April). Dry soil requires abundant watering; if it is wet, then watering the beds is not necessary. The garlic is planted to a depth of about 6 cm, it should be twice the height of the clove. Germinated seed must be planted carefully, without damaging the root system. The beds need to be mulched. The rows should be made about 20 cm wide, the cloves are planted at intervals of 10 cm. Spring garlic is not afraid of frost, its shoots appear at +3 °C. The initial growing season for the crop takes place at +10 °C, the bulb is formed at +15 °C, and it matures at +25 °C.
Crop care
Many people wonder how to grow large garlic, especially if the summer is hot and it is not possible to constantly water the beds. In this case, it is necessary to mulch the soil, and it is better to choose light mulch. During the growing season, you need to try to provide the garlic with plenty of water, because at this time it is actively growing. When the bulbs ripen, moisture is needed in smaller quantities. In rainy weather, the area should not be flooded with water at all. Overmoistening should not be allowed under any circumstances, because it provokes the development of fungi and damage to the bulbs.
For spring garlic, it is recommended to carry out two feedings: in early spring, water the ground with a solution of bird droppings or rotted cow manure, and in mid-summer - with a solution of ash. Mineral fertilizers are not used for crops; they do not benefit either vegetables or human health. Recommendations on how to grow garlic also include weed control and periodic loosening of the soil. Thanks to mulching, you can make caring for the crop much easier, avoid weeding the soil and reduce the number of waterings.
What is the difference between spring and winter garlic?
Crop varieties are divided into two large groups: bolting and non-bolting. Before growing garlic, you should decide on the variety and its type. Gardeners claim that only winter varieties produce shoots, but in some cases they can also appear on spring crops. It all depends on the climatic characteristics of the region. Winter garlic has large cloves located around the stem. The spring variety is smaller, its bulbs are dense. Winter crops are frost-resistant and their yield is extremely high, but in terms of shelf life they are significantly inferior to summer crops, which are preserved intact throughout the year.
What does garlic need to grow?
This is an incredibly cold-resistant plant, withstanding temperatures down to -45 ° C, so residents of temperate latitudes have nothing to worry about. The bulbs are perfectly preserved under snow cover, and in the spring at +3 °C they begin to grow. The culture develops normally at +18-25 °C. In the question of how to grow large garlic, the quality of the soil plays a big role. The plant feels best on loamy and sandy soils, but does not tolerate acidic and saline soils.
Garlic responds well to fertilizing, but mineral fertilizers and fresh manure should be excluded. Loves moisture, but waterlogging can have a detrimental effect on the bulbs. For spring garlic, the site must be prepared in the fall, and for winter garlic, a month before planting. The bed should be dug up and about 5 kg of humus added per 1 m2.
Planting large garlic
You need to immediately decide which crop to plant - winter or spring. There are several secrets to the question of how to grow large garlic. Larger bulbs are easier to obtain from the winter variety. Depending on the climatic characteristics of the region, it is planted at the end of September or in October. The teeth should take root before the onset of frost, but not grow. Spring garlic is planted in early spring, as soon as the snow melts. It is not afraid of frost, the main thing here is to gain time, because before the heat sets in, the bulb must form. Otherwise, the garlic will turn out small.
In order for the vegetable to grow large, you need to make wide rows (25 cm) and plant the cloves at a distance of 12 cm from each other. It is important to guess the planting depth; it should be equal to twice the height of the planting material. This rule does not apply to spring garlic; its cloves are buried 3 cm. The soil should not be made too loose, but it is not recommended to press the planting material into the ground. After planting, you need to cover the beds with mulch.
Garlic on the windowsill
Many housewives worry in advance about the availability of greenery during the cold season. If everything is more or less clear with onions, because they sprout incredibly quickly, then few people know how to grow garlic on a windowsill. And garlic greens are required in many dishes. If you simply plant the cloves in a pot of soil, they will germinate closer to spring. It's very easy to speed up the process. To do this, it is necessary to place the containers with garlic outside late in the fall so that it can undergo cold treatment. Then you should take the boxes home and water the soil with warm water. At a temperature of +17 °C, greenery will appear within a week. Even those who did not know how to grow garlic at home can easily get it in the cold season. Fragrant greenery on the windowsill when a blizzard is raging outside, what could be more cozy?
Garlic diseases
Despite the undemanding culture, it can still be affected by various diseases during the growing season. The most common is bottom rot; the fungus causes the bulb to rot, the roots to die, and the leaves to turn yellow. If a gray coating appears on the leaves, it means that the garlic has been attacked by downy mildew. This disease threatens the under-ripening of the bulbs. White rot provokes the death of leaves and the formation of mycelium on the roots. The disease leads to tooth decay. Bacterial rot also leads to very unpleasant consequences. Because of it, brown ulcers with a rotten smell appear on the teeth. To protect the crop from pests, it is necessary to treat the garlic with an ash solution before planting. You can also plant the plant next to calendula and chicory, they save you from nematodes.
Garlic is a perennial plant. If you decide to grow winter garlic, then it is better to take care of it in the fall. By planting this bulbous plant before winter, next year you will get garlic of excellent quality and size.
Did you know? Garlic has gained wide popularity and has more than 70 varieties..
Varieties of winter garlic
Let's look at what varieties there are and how to choose garlic for planting before winter. Varieties of winter garlic are divided into those that can shoot arrows and those that cannot do this. Below are the most common varieties:
- "Gribovsky anniversary". This popular variety of garlic was bred in 1976, it is distinguished by good fertility. It fully ripens in 105 days, the head of such garlic has 7-10 cloves. The average weight of the head is 33 g. The variety adapts well to weather conditions.
- "Dungan local". This is a bolting garden variety. It was bred in 1959, it was intended for cultivation throughout the country. The scales of the cloves are purple, the number of cloves varies from 2 to 9. One pod can contain up to 135 bulbs.
- "Gribovsky 80". A very sharp variety. From 7 to 11 cloves with a purple tint. This is a shooting variety that adapts well to all weather conditions. With proper care, it can be stored for a long time.
- "Large-toothed Kiseleva". Another representative of the bolting variety of winter garlic. White cloves with white scales are large in size and regular in shape. On average, there are 5 cloves in one head.
- "Otradnensky". The variety was bred in 1979, tolerates low temperatures well. There are about 6 cloves in one head. It has good immunity to diseases.
- "Scythian". A striking representative of the winter variety of garlic. It was bred in 1993 specifically for the conditions of Siberia. One head has no more than 5 cream-colored cloves. It has high immunity to diseases.
- "Hermann". A shooting variety of garlic. Round-shaped cloves, of which there are 7 in the head. Can be stored for 9 months.
- "Doctor". This variety of shooting garlic was bred relatively recently. The color of the cloves is pale pink. The weight of one head is 65 g. The head contains up to 18 cloves.
When to plant garlic before winter
Many gardeners are interested in the question of when and how to plant garlic before winter. Winter garlic is usually planted in the fall. The area where garlic is planned to be planted must be cleared of vegetation no later than the end of July.
Garlic itself is planted a month and a half before the onset of frost. Before winter fully takes hold and the soil freezes, garlic will have time to develop a strong root system about 11 cm long, but green shoots will not appear.
How to prepare garlic before planting for the winter
If your garlic is poorly stored or its leaves turn yellow early during the growing season, the heads begin to rot, and so on, then preparation for planting should be carried out as follows:
- Select planting material. Healthy, large garlic is suitable for these purposes. Pay attention to the number of cloves in the bulb; if there are not many of them, do not take them for planting.
Be sure to make sure that all the cloves are healthy; the health of the entire crop directly depends on this. Examine each clove carefully and remove any that are rotten or stained.Pay special attention to the bottom of the clove. It should be free of defects and have a uniform gray color.
Important! If there are too many infected cloves, then it is better to completely discard this batch, since there is a high probability of not getting a harvest from such material
- Treat garlic before planting in beds. This should not be neglected. It is thanks to processing that garlic will be more resilient and viable.
Garlic can be processed in a weak solution of potassium permanganate or copper sulfate. You need to soak for about 10 hours.
Also you can use regular ash. One glass of ash is dissolved in a liter of hot water and left to infuse until the liquid separates and cools completely. Then you need to drain the light liquid and soak the garlic in it for one hour.
If painful cloves have not been identified, then you simply need to treat them with Fitosporin-M solution 2 weeks before planting.
Important! You need to disassemble the cloves immediately before planting, otherwise they will dry out and not grow..
How to prepare the soil for planting garlic for the winter
Proper planting of garlic for the winter is the key to a good harvest. Garlic is a light-loving plant; it needs a lot of sunlight and non-acidic sandy loam soil.The soil must be manured before planting the previous plant, since fresh manure is destructive for garlic; pests and various diseases will spread from it to the garlic.
If there is still a need to fertilize the soil for garlic after the previous crop, then this should be done no later than two weeks before planting the plant.
First, dig up the soil, add 6 g of humus, 30 g of superphosphate and 20 g of potassium salt for each square meter. Then you need to water the area with a solution of copper sulfate diluted in water (1:10). After this, cover the treated area of the bed with film.
After what crops is it best to plant garlic?
Thoughtful fruit replacement plays an important role in growing any plant. Planting garlic before winter requires the right mix of substances in the soil.
If before him a plant grew in this area, the necessary set of minerals of which coincides with garlic, then you will not get a good harvest.
Plants with a long root system are considered the best option. They will deplete the soil in the lower layers, which means the upper layers will remain untouched and are ideal for garlic.
Representatives of such crops can be grains. Moreover, grain crops themselves are green manures. But there are exceptions - oats and barley are not suitable for these purposes.
Did you know? Green manure - plants whose root system affects the accumulation of nitrogen compounds.
Garlic grows very well in place of zucchini, cabbage, beans and peas. It also feels great near berry crops. If the garlic is small, it can be planted in areas where strawberries, raspberries, and wild strawberries grow.
WHEN TO PLANT
Planting garlic before winter is done using universal technology. It is important to take into account the period when the cold begins. Approximately two to three weeks before the expected date, landings are made. Garlic is planted to a depth of about 4 centimeters. On the territory of Russia or in European countries, this period is the end of September - beginning of October. Where climatic winter begins somewhat later, planting can be postponed until November.
Best time- waning moon in the signs of Taurus or Virgo.
The peculiarity of this event is the planting depth.
If you make holes of about 10-15 cm, you will achieve later shoots, but at the same time such a vegetable will be easier to tolerate winter frosts. And the planting period can be extended from August to October.
CHOOSE A PLACE FOR LANDING
Knowledge on the topic of how to plant garlic is also extremely important. The outcome of the entire event largely depends on the correct location chosen. Planting should not be done on “acidic” soils or where groundwater comes close to the surface. Because with the onset of warm weather, they can simply wash off the vegetable. Loose soil with a neutral-acid reaction is ideal for planting garlic in spring or autumn. Also, you should not place the vegetable in the area where manure was introduced. If you ignore the advice, you can end up with rich tops with loose heads at the base of the plant. In addition, crops harvested here will be more susceptible to fungal diseases.
AFTER WHAT SHOULD I PLANT GARLIC?
How to grow large garlic? Every experienced gardener will offer you a million tips. Whether to adhere to them or not - everyone decides on their own. If you regularly plant, you know for sure that the harvest will be much better if the predecessors of garlic were tomatoes, eggplants, cucumbers or pumpkins. These vegetables are demanding of soil components such as nitrogen.
How to plant garlic if there is no possibility of crop rotation? Everything is very simple. After harvesting this vegetable, it is enough to sow peas of the Vicia sativa variety. It will help disinfect the soil. It is better to add compost to the ground in advance. Also, representatives of the legume family help saturate the soil with compost and loosen it.
PREPARING GARLIC FOR PLANTING
How to plant garlic that will give maximum yield? Take the purple-striped subspecies for this. It is much better adapted to winter cold, is quite unpretentious, and the harvest lasts up to 9 months. If you regularly renew the bulbs, you can achieve very good results.
To grow vegetables, it is better to choose the soil that is available in the planting area. When buying garlic for planting in winter, it is advisable to give preference to large heads without damage. It is important to examine the bulb for the absence of various diseases.
It is necessary to plant garlic in the ground after first disassembling it into individual cloves. In this case, preference should be given to large, healthy specimens. Before planting, it is a good idea to soak the cloves in a weak solution of manganese or copper sulfate.
PLANTING GARLIC
It is important to follow each stage of planting a vegetable in open ground for the winter. Since its violation can lead to the fact that the garlic either does not sprout at all, or cannot withstand the cold and simply freezes.
Avoid planting in the same place twice in a row. Because this can lead to lower yields, and the heads you get will be significantly smaller. Which crops should be planted after were discussed above.
Some gardeners slightly raise the level of the bed intended for planting garlic. Its height becomes 20-25 centimeters more. It is also recommended to add to the soil a mixture of half a bucket of humus and a spoon of superphosphate, potassium chloride and ammonium nitrate. These proportions are given per 1 square meter.
It is recommended to plant the cloves at a distance of approximately 7-8 centimeters from each other. There should be approximately 20 centimeters between rows. The depth, as mentioned above, varies depending on the time of planting the garlic. The earlier you plant, the deeper.
Mulching is necessary. Experienced gardeners use autumn fallen leaves or peat and humus. For very cold areas, it is suggested to cover the bed with a thick layer of “fur coat”. In this way, you can protect the garlic sprouts from severe frosts and thereby preserve it.
When you get to the garden in the spring and remove all the materials that covered the plantings for the winter, you will already see the result of your labor - young green sprouts of garlic.
Loading...