Alcohol intoxication is a special condition nervous system caused by the action of ethanol. In a person, in alcoholic state, changes occur in the physiological, psychological and nervous functions of the body. Every year thousands of people die from alcohol overdose. Many people, while intoxicated, get into traffic accidents and, under the influence of alcohol, cause damage to their health, and sometimes take someone else’s, innocent life.
The craving for rash actions is especially acute during alcohol intoxication. People want to cheer themselves up, relax or drown their sorrows, without realizing the subsequent actions.
Knowing your limits and stopping in time is great, but, alas, not everyone is able to do this. Whether to drink alcohol or not is a purely personal matter for everyone. However, it is worth remembering that drinking man, harms not only oneself, but also family and friends.
What does ppm mean?
Permille is a unit of measurement used to determine the amount of ethanol in the blood. From Latin it is translated as one thousandth. It can also be understood as one tenth of one percent.
Knowing how much alcohol is in the blood, you can calculate other indicators. You can find out the following: the volume of the drink consumed, the time after which the alcohol leaves the body, the concentration of alcohol at any time.
Within half an hour after consumption, alcohol is maximally concentrated in the blood. There are online calculations that allow you to calculate how much alcohol is in your blood and the degree of intoxication. Finding them is not difficult, just enter the query “Calculation of blood alcohol content” in a search engine. The outer shell of such meters may differ, but essentially the meaning is the same. You indicate your data - weight, gender, percentage of alcohol in the drink, volume of drinks, time that has passed since drinking alcohol. Check that all the data is correct, and then click “Calculate”. The result appears on the screen - the amount of alcohol in the blood (in ppm).
It is worth noting that the result is an average value, so do not be surprised if a nearby breathalyzer showed you a value that differs by several ppm. And all because the alcohol content in the body also depends on the time of day at which the alcohol was drunk, the amount and fat content of food, and whether medications were taken before drinking.
Alcohol is always contained in a person’s blood, even if he has not drunk alcoholic beverages. This occurs due to the breakdown of sugar and starch contained in foods.
In addition to the generally accepted degrees of intoxication, it is also possible to distinguish - atypical. It is very difficult to characterize, since it is found in people with traumatic brain injuries and in chronic drinkers.
How many ppm per hour leaves the body?
The human body eliminates alcohol through the liver and lungs. And the rate of excretion depends primarily on gender.
- Per hour, a woman’s body excretes about 0.1 ppm.
- The male body copes with alcohol a little faster, 0.1-0.15 ppm.
From these statistics we see that the process of removing alcohol from the body is very long and harmful to the human body. For example, a person drank alcohol in the evening. As a result, the concentration in the blood was 2 ppm. The body will completely remove alcohol from the blood only in the evening next day. These are all average values. It must be remembered that this process occurs individually for everyone and depends on many factors.
The effect of alcohol on the body
Alcohol is the most harmful of all drugs; it is more dangerous than heroin and cocaine. Primarily because of its accessibility. If hard drugs are still alien, then access to alcoholic beverages is unlimited. This is scary because slurring your tongue, thoughtless actions and a hangover are not the worst consequences of abuse. Ethanol has harmful influence on the human brain and body.
After consumption alcoholic drinks There are various situations when it is necessary to find out the amount of alcohol in the blood in ppm. Perhaps you needed to drive or were urgently called to work. Many people are interested in how ppm in the blood affects their condition, behavior and ability to drive a car.
Degrees of intoxication
To accurately determine the level of alcohol intoxication, you can use a special device that determines ppm. It is impossible to deceive the device, so there is no doubt about the accuracy of the result. But how can you find out how drunk a person is without a device?
Alcohol intoxication or alcohol intoxication accompanied by a number of symptoms and signs.
Depending on the severity of intoxication, symptoms such as:
There is a conditional classification of degrees of intoxication. Each degree implies a certain behavior and state of a person.
For greater clarity, you can create a table of degrees of alcohol intoxication.
Typically, the duration of the first-mild degree varies from a few minutes to 1 hour.
Based on the data in the table, you can approximately determine the degree of intoxication of a person and the ppm in the blood.
But it is worth considering that the level of alcoholic intoxication also depends on the state of health, the emotional state of the drinker, the quality and quantity of the snack, and the type of alcoholic beverage. In people with head trauma or alcoholism, frequent binge drinking, the degree of intoxication varies somewhat.
A blood level of 0.3 ppm is considered natural, and in this state you can drive a vehicle. But for each country the indicator is completely different. So, in Germany and France you can drive with a blood level of 0.5 ppm, and in Ireland and the UK up to 0.8 ppm.
If we compare ppm and the amount of alcohol, then when drinking 0.5 liters of beer, there will be 0.5 ppm in the blood. 2.5 liters of beer or 300 grams of vodka will give 1.2 ppm. And when drinking 1 liter of vodka, the breathalyzer will show 5 ppm. Officially, such a dose of alcohol is considered fatal.
If we talk about blood, then it is worth considering:
- physiological characteristics of a person, in particular weight;
- health;
- strength and quantity of alcohol.
Drivers are even able light alcoholic Intoxication creates emergency situations on the road. You should not risk your life and the lives of your loved ones.
Under the influence of alcoholic drinks, behavior changes, reaction, coordination of attention, movement, and psycho-emotional background worsen.
There are 4 stages of alcohol intoxication. The more severe the ethanol poisoning, the more severe the symptoms of vasomotor and physiological disorders.
How does alcohol break down in the body?
Alcohol has a pronounced effect on brain cells, causing euphoria and improving mood. Due to the effect of alcohol on the cerebral cortex, external manifestations of disorientation and other psychopathic signs of intoxication are observed. After sobering up, the affected neurons cannot function normally for some time, which is why a hangover causes a painful reaction to bright light and loud sounds.
Stages of alcohol intoxication
The severity of alcohol intoxication depends on the amount of alcohol consumed. Based on the ethanol content in the blood, mild, moderate and severe stages are distinguished.
With minor intoxication, the serum contains 0.5–1.5‰, with moderate degrees of alcoholic intoxication this figure increases to 2.5, and with severe intoxication it is 5‰. If more than high concentration alcohol, intoxication is considered fatal.
Mild degree
On initial stage a person feels pleasant relaxation, inner warmth. A mild degree of intoxication is characterized by an improvement in mood, problems fade into the background, and emotions become stronger.
For example, loud laughter, a friendly attitude towards unfamiliar people, etc. Shyness disappears, people find a common language faster, looseness appears in speech, movements, and the desire to talk a lot.
With a mild degree of intoxication, increased appetite, redness of the skin of the face and neck, and increased heart rate are observed. Self-esteem increases, and even shy people become annoying and unrestrained. Increased excitability can be replaced by lethargy, drowsiness, and apathy. Thinking and reaction speed slow down.
Middle stage
With an average degree of intoxication, a person becomes more aggressive, repeats the same phrases several times, and cannot concentrate attention on one object for a long time. Movements become imprecise, facial expressions become inexpressive.
External signs of moderate alcohol intoxication:
- slurred speech;
- rude, tactless behavior towards others;
- impaired coordination of movements;
- unsure gait;
- tendency to aggression, creating conflict situations;
- dull feeling of pain;
- weakening of the instinct of self-preservation.
If a moderate degree of intoxication has been achieved, then a few hours after stopping drinking alcohol, symptoms of general malaise appear. Worried about intense thirst headache, nausea, vomiting, increased blood pressure.
Severe stage
Severe alcohol intoxication is characterized by slow speech, the drunk has difficulty pronouncing words (“the tongue gets slurred”), and speaks very loudly. Hand movements become sweeping, behavior becomes inadequate.
External and general symptoms of moderate alcohol intoxication:
- increased aggressiveness;
- unsteady gait;
- hearing impairment;
- disorientation in space;
- increased sexual desire.
As the feast continues, hyperexcitability gives way to lethargy and drowsiness. A person can fall asleep anywhere, not paying attention to those around him or the air temperature. In some cases, a state of moderate intoxication leads to involuntary urination, defecation, and emptying of the stomach.
After sobering up, the drinker may have difficulty remembering previous events. Symptoms of body poisoning are more pronounced than with ethyl alcohol.
Fatal degree of alcohol poisoning
When severe neurological disorders occur caused by toxic damage to the cerebral cortex. Such alcohol intoxication can lead to the development of coma and epileptic seizures. Breathing is suppressed, work is disrupted of cardio-vascular system. Possible asphyxia with your own vomit during sleep.
A fatal degree of alcohol intoxication is characterized by a critical condition of the body
The lethal dose of alcohol for adults is 4–10 g/kg. In case of extremely severe intoxication of the body with ethyl alcohol, the victim must call emergency medical assistance.
Pathological intoxication
According to the observations of doctors in Moscow and other cities of the Russian Federation, in isolated cases, alcohol intoxication is accompanied by an acute transient change in the psyche. The pathological condition develops when taking small doses of alcohol and occurs in the form of twilight stupefaction. A person perceives current events distortedly, sees hallucinations, and is disturbed by panic.
Even with a mild degree of alcohol intoxication, the drinker becomes aggressive and quickly loses orientation in space. Excitement quickly gives way to sleep; upon awakening, memories may be erased or completely absent. observed in persons suffering from mental illness, chronic fatigue, idiosyncrasy, organic cerebral insufficiency.
What determines the degree of alcohol poisoning?
Factors influencing alcohol intoxication:
- duration of alcohol consumption;
- eating;
- type of alcoholic drink;
- general condition of the body;
- air temperature;
- rate of alcohol consumption;
- physical activity.
Conclusion
Women get drunk faster than men. The state of alcoholic intoxication depends on the type of food eaten during the feast. When consumed meat dishes the effect occurs more slowly. People who drink often become drunk for a short time, while the person who is drinking sober image life, you will need to drink more alcohol.
With regular sports activities, the appearance of signs of intoxication is observed in more long terms than those who neglect to go to the gym.
Video: Stages of intoxication on real people
Many people are interested in the question of what types of degree of intoxication, as well as how they affect the ability to get behind the wheel and drive a vehicle. There are unforeseen situations when you urgently need to find out how drunk you are and how much alcohol is in your blood in ppm.
Determine effectively and accurately blood alcohol level will help special device, which is used not only by traffic police representatives, but also by ordinary people under certain circumstances. For example, when parents send their child to a disco or party and upon returning home they need to find out at what stage of intoxication their child is and how much alcohol is in his blood. A modern special device will easily, quickly and with great accuracy give the result, so under no circumstances can it be deceived. It will show accurate and truthful results.
We measure the degree of intoxication in ppm.
In order to take subsequent actions (draw up a report, issue a fine or take away a license) after an accident has occurred, traffic police officers must find out the degree of intoxication. There is a logical connection between the level of intoxication and how a person behaves behind the wheel:
- 0.2-0.5 ppm. At this level of intoxication, objects moving towards you are practically not perceived. The driver tries to drive at high speed and cannot adequately assess the situation. For carefree driving, it is necessary to maintain a distance between cars. In this type of intoxication, a person driving cannot correctly determine the distance from his car to those moving towards him.
- 0.5-0.8 ppm. The eyes react poorly to changes in lighting, and the distance between vehicles is determined completely incorrectly. Red light is perceived much weaker than in a sober state, so the driver may not notice the red light of a traffic light or the brake lights of other cars. The reaction to everything that happens becomes weak, the person is inattentive. With such a degree of intoxication, his balance is already disturbed.
- 0.8-1.2 ppm. Having such a degree of intoxication, the driver becomes quite relaxed, while overestimating his ability to properly drive the vehicle. The angle of view and, accordingly, the perception of objects are significantly reduced. There is no longer an adequate assessment of what is happening. Driving becomes unreasonably risky. Due to the fact that vision deteriorates while switching the light, the driver may not notice the side of the road, a fence, a moving cyclist or another car, or will do so much later than the required time.
- 1.2-2.4 ppm. With such a degree of intoxication, the driver behaves on the road arrogantly and impudently. He doesn't understand that he sees very poorly. In addition to deteriorating vision, balance is completely lost and coordination is impaired. Driving style is very risky. The person driving is not at all oriented in space, which can cause serious consequences.
As we understand from the information received, any degree of alcohol intoxication may cause something unexpected to happen on the road.
Three main degrees of alcohol intoxication.
Promille is a value that shows the amount of alcohol in a person’s blood. For example, the tester will show 0.5 ppm of alcohol if a person drinks half a liter of beer. But you should also remember that there are three degrees of intoxication of a person, depending on physical factors, despite the situation in which it is necessary to get behind the wheel:
1) Mild degree of intoxication. If we consider it in ppm, the device will show a figure of 0.5-1.5. It occurs in the first minutes after drinking alcohol. Characterized by a feeling of warmth throughout the body. Muscles relax and mood improves. The person becomes very active, he feels happy and happy. He communicates easily and naturally, brags, feels confident in himself and in everything. But during the conversation he may not control himself.
2) Moderate intoxication phase. Alcohol is contained in the blood in an amount of 1.5-2.5 ppm. Occurs after taking another dose of alcohol. The person becomes even more active, although his speech is inexpressive, monotonous and slurred. He cannot walk smoothly because his coordination of movements is impaired. Instead of joy comes anger, sadness and aggression. A person may behave restlessly, causing fights. Memory problems arise precisely at this stage of intoxication.
3) Severe degree of intoxication. Occurs when there is 2.5-3% alcohol in the body. The person has completely slurred speech and may lose consciousness. At that stage, complete amnesia, seizure convulsions and involuntary bowel movements are possible.
The degree of intoxication depends on the concentration of alcohol in the human body.
Important! A blood alcohol level of 5 percent can cause death.
The level of intoxication depends not only on the amount of alcohol consumed, but also on many other factors: the individual characteristics of the body, the state of its nervous system, accumulated fatigue, general tension, and the food eaten while drinking. The type of alcohol consumed is also of considerable importance.
How is alcohol removed from the body?
The main organ involved in processing alcohol is the liver. This process is quite lengthy. If, for example, a person drank well in the company of friends and there are 2.0 ppm in his body, then they will be completely processed only by the evening of the next day.
Something to remember! Alcohol is removed from the male body in the amount of 0.10% per hour, for women - 0.85.
From all of the above, the following conclusions can be drawn. After taking a dose of alcohol, you should drive no earlier than the evening of the next day. In addition, it is impossible to remove alcohol from the body by any artificial means. And even a shower strong coffee or other drinks will not help at all.
Ethanol is excreted at different rates in people. In each case, the speed of cleansing the body is individual, depending on gender and health status. Alcohol calculator allows you to estimate the average, approximate level of alcohol in the blood plasma, and calculate when the driver can get behind the wheel of a car.
Alcohol calculator
The concentration of alcohol in the blood is calculated using a calculator that takes into account the strength, volume of drinks consumed, gender and weight. The calculator is based on a formula proposed in 1932 by Swedish chemist Erik Widmark for use in forensic practice.
Calculations using the Widmark formula are quite complex, and to make the task easier, an alcohol calculator was created based on it. It is easy to use; to get the result, you just need to enter your data correctly.
The calculation result reliably reflects the amount of ethyl alcohol supplied with drinks. The resulting value takes into account the average rate of decrease in blood alcohol content, equal to 0.15‰/hour.
Blood alcohol content calculator:
Table of intoxication in ppm
The table can also be of benefit to drivers who have not consumed alcohol. After all ethanol found in small quantities not only in drinks. A police breathalyzer on the road can show up to 0.6 ‰ after the driver consumes kvass, 0.2 ‰ after kefir.
Blood alcohol level table:
| Degree of intoxication in ‰ (ppm) | Well-being | Effect on driving |
|---|---|---|
| 0,2-0,5 | The condition is slightly different from sobriety; excessive talkativeness and obsession appear, but within the bounds of decency. | There is no reaction to moving cars, there is a desire to increase speed, and the ability to assess distance is impaired. |
| 0,5-0,8 | The condition is accompanied by euphoria, violation of morality, loss of control over behavior, and impudence. | The adaptation of vision to changes in lighting and the perception of red color are weakened. The driver does not see the traffic light or red brake lights. |
| 0,8-1,2 | Events are assessed inadequately, symptoms appear alcohol poisoning– nausea, apathy, disorientation. The mood changes from indifference to outbursts of aggression and anger. | The ability to adequately assess distances is lost, and the reaction slows down. The driver notices it late and does not have time to react when cyclists, fences, or parked cars appear in their field of vision. |
| 1,2-2,4 | Unpredictable behavior, tendency towards apathy. Signs of poisoning intensify, vomiting and involuntary bowel movements appear. | Coordination is lost, visual response is reduced, and there is no adequate assessment of the situation. All of the above is accompanied by monstrous arrogance. |
If the value is more than 2.4 ‰, the threat of paralysis and heart attack becomes real. Above 3 ‰ - suppression of respiratory reflexes, decreased temperature, coma, risk of death.
At ppm 3.8 and above, a person can die from paralysis of the respiratory center in the brain.
Duration of effects of alcohol
The rate of ethanol utilization in the body depends on the characteristics of metabolism, the state of the digestive system, liver, and pancreas. The breakdown of ethyl alcohol requires enzymes that may be inactive or even absent.
The degree of intoxication of a person depends on factors:
- person's weight, height;
- hereditary predisposition;
- state of the digestive, respiratory and urinary system.
Using an alcohol calculator, you can estimate the degree of intoxication, but it will not be possible to accurately determine the amount of ethanol in the blood using the tables. Ethanol elimination rates in humans different time and at different conditions differ considerably.
The speed of sobering up depends on the state of a person’s health, namely, on the functionality of his liver and pancreas. In chronic diseases, the removal of alcohol from the body slows down, intoxication occurs sharply, and the symptoms of alcohol poisoning become severe.
Features of splitting
The liver plays a special role in detoxifying the body. Long-term abuse of alcoholic beverages worsens its functions, destroys the organ, and leads to cirrhosis. The more damaged the liver, the less alcohol causes intoxication and poisoning.
The absorption of ethyl alcohol begins almost immediately after drinking the drink; after an hour, the maximum amount of ethanol accumulates in the blood.
The process slows down with simultaneous use fatty foods. After being removed from the blood, alcohol is still contained in the urine and cerebrospinal fluid.
The strength of alcoholic drinks matters. Strong alcohol are eliminated longer, so if it takes 4 hours to neutralize 100 grams of vodka, then intoxication from a bottle of beer goes away after 2 hours.
Beer will not be felt when breathing after 30 minutes, and alcohol vapors after taking 100 g of vodka can be felt in the exhaled air for 1.5 hours.
Calculations
100 g of vodka in terms of 96% ethyl alcohol is 40 g pure alcohol. To determine the degree of intoxication, the amount of alcohol (‰) must be divided by the total weight of body fluid.
All fluid in the body in men on average corresponds to 65-70% of body weight, and for a person weighing 70 kg, the weight of all fluid will be: 70 kg × 70% / 100% = 49 kg.
To calculate the degree of intoxication, the amount of pure alcohol contained in 100 grams of vodka, which is 40 g of alcohol, is divided by the total amount of water in the body. The total liquid in this case is 49 kg. Dividing 40 by 49, we get 0.82 ppm.
The degree of intoxication of a woman is also calculated, taking into account that the share of water in female body accounts for 55% to 60%. At high content The body contains less fat and water. The more muscle, the higher the fluid percentage.
To make it easier to calculate what your blood alcohol level is, a calculator has been developed. It allows you to determine the degree of intoxication without making any special mental effort.
Absorption in the body
After ethyl alcohol enters the stomach, it is absorbed into the blood and then spreads through the bloodstream. 90% of alcohol is absorbed in the liver, the rest is broken down in the kidneys, intestines, skin, and lungs.
In particular, the difference in the rate of elimination of toxins in women and men depends on the vital volume of the lungs. male body. Alcohol is excreted at an average rate of 0.1 ‰ per hour. And with intoxication of 1.2 ‰, sobering will occur after 12 hours.
In women, the rate of ethanol elimination is 1.2 times lower than in men. Accordingly, a woman with a degree of intoxication of 1.2 ‰ will sober up in 12 × 1.2 = 14.4 hours.
Complete removal of alcohol from the blood
Permissible amount of ethanol in the blood
According to the current legislation of the Russian Federation, drivers Vehicle It is prohibited to use intoxicants. The maximum permissible blood alcohol level by law is 0.16 mg/l in the breath exhaled during testing, introduced as a possible error in the measuring device.
In ppm, the permitted blood alcohol level is 0.336‰. This concentration in the blood occurs within an hour if a man weighing 80 kg consumes:
- 50 g vodka;
- 50 g cognac;
- 200 g champagne;
- 200 g wine;
- 500 g of beer.
Women are more sensitive to alcohol. The level of ethanol in their blood will not exceed the norm one hour after consumption:
- 30 g vodka;
- 30 g cognac;
- 100 g wine;
- 100 g champagne;
- 330 g beer.
A man weighing 80 kg and drinking 100 g of vodka will be able to confidently drive in 3 hours. A person who drinks 200 g of wine – after 1.5 hours, and someone who drinks 1 liter of beer – after more than 4 hours. During this time, the ethanol level in the blood will drop to the permissible 0.336‰.
To maximize the removal of alcohol from the blood of a man weighing 80 kg, a longer period of time will be required: 100 g of vodka is eliminated in 4 hours, and 100 g of champagne in 1 hour.
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