SCHOOLCHILDREN'S DAY REGIME
School years are the most important period of a person’s life. This is a period of intensive growth and improvement of the body, the development of higher nervous activity, and the formation of basic character traits.
The correct daily routine is the correct organization and the most appropriate distribution of sleep, nutrition, work, rest, personal hygiene, etc. The correct routine is the basis of everyone’s life, the main condition for maintaining health. The regime is based on the biological rhythm of the body’s functioning. This is why your daily routine is so important. Strict adherence to the daily routine is necessary for the health and proper development of the student. Compliance with the regime ensures high performance throughout the day.
The main elements of a schoolchild’s daily routine are:
· educational activities at school and at home;
· active recreation with maximum exposure to the fresh air;
· regular and sufficient nutrition;
physiologically complete sleep;
· free activity according to individual choice.
· Start the day with morning exercises, which facilitates the transition from sleep to wakefulness and allows the body to actively engage in work. Its duration, depending on age, is from 10 to 30 minutes.
· After morning exercises, proceed to water procedures - morning washing, daily shower.
· Be sure to have breakfast, and breakfast should be hot and quite substantial, accounting for a quarter of the child’s daily needs.
· After returning from school, you should have lunch and be sure to rest. Afternoon rest - 1-1.5 hours, without reading books or watching TV.
· The optimal time for preparing lessons is the period from 16 to 18 hours, corresponding to the physiological rhythm of the best assimilation of information. It is recommended to start doing homework with the least difficult subjects, moving on to more complex ones. The maximum duration of the working period is 30-40 minutes, after which 15-minute breaks should be taken.
· Prepare your lessons in silence, exclude noise, conversations, and music. Due to noise, fatigue sets in much faster and there is additional stress on the brain.
· Use 1.5-2 hours of free time to pursue interests. The optimal duration of watching TV shows is no more than 1.5 hours 2-3 times a week.
· Spend enough time outdoors. The best are outdoor games that give a good healing effect, and sports - swimming, skiing, cycling, volleyball, basketball, football, dancing and others, depending on desire and ability. It is especially important to stay outside in the evening before going to bed.
· Sleep at least 9-10.5 hours. It is important to always go to bed and get up at the same time, this will ensure that you fall asleep quickly and wake up easily.
· Before going to bed, be sure to wash your face, brush your teeth, wash your feet and ventilate the room well.
· If you study on the second shift, you should not do homework in the evening; homework should be completed 30 minutes after breakfast.
· When preparing for exams, do not change your daily routine. Don't study until late at night. It is best to prepare for exams in the morning and afternoon.
Approximate daily routine for students studying in the 1st shift (classes start at 8.30)
Get up 7.00.
Morning exercises, water treatments, bed making, toilet 7.00-7.30.
Morning breakfast 7.30-7.50.
Road to school or morning walk before school starts 7.50-8.15
School classes 8.30-13.30
Hot breakfast at school around 9.15
1. The concept of “daily routine”
2.Principles of constructing a daily routine.
3.Building a regime for children.
Mode- this is a rational distribution in time and the correct sequence in satisfying the basic physiological needs of the child’s body, as well as the correct alternation of various types of activities during wakefulness.
Regime issues have long been developed theoretically and are widely known in practice. But in kindergarten and in the family, serious mistakes are made. In order to properly build a routine, you must first establish the correct sleep and wakefulness routine.
Based on numerous studies by Professor N.M. Shchelovanova and his colleagues revealed the mechanism of wakefulness, established qualitative changes in sleep and patterns of wakefulness and the development of these processes at an early age.
Wakefulness- this is the main active state of the cerebral cortex, which is in active influence with the subcortical parts of the brain. The vigorous state of the cortex is maintained, as defined by I.N. Pavlov, those stimuli that are supplied to the cerebral hemispheres mainly from the external world.
Dream– also an active process. Many nerve cells are in a state of increased activity during sleep, the activity of the analyzers is “blocked”, inhibited.
Sleep is a need of the body. Alternation of sleep and wakefulness is a necessary condition for normal human mental activity. Both sleep and wakefulness are conjugate states. Active wakefulness ensures deep sleep and vice versa. In a newborn child, both sleep and wakefulness are arrhythmic; they occur chaotically, many times a day. Wakefulness in the first days of life is no more than 20-30 minutes, which indicates a low limit of performance of the cerebral cortex.
What influences the change in the duration and nature of a child’s wakefulness by the end of the 1st month of life?
1. Increasing the limit of performance of the cerebral cortex (the emergence of visual and auditory concentration and the formation of conditioned reflexes). The nature of wakefulness changes.
2. By the end of 1 month of life, the child develops a daily sleep and wakefulness pattern. This occurs under the influence of living conditions, and is not innate. The amount of stimuli enters the cerebral cortex during the day and sharply decreases at night, hence sleep at night and wakefulness during the day. If there are bright lights on in the evening, loud conversations, etc. - this affects the regime, wakes up at night, and the wrong regime is developed.
Is it so important to develop the right regime? The rhythmic alternation of sleep and wakefulness is very important for the child’s nervous system. It ensures the formation of stereotypes and saves the consumption of nervous energy.
A child is born without a ready-made regime, which is created by special conditions. The feeding regimen is developed already during the newborn period.
The next stage of development is the development of a daily routine in alternating sleep and wakefulness.
At what age and how can it be installed? The child’s daytime sleep and wakefulness should be organized according to a schedule already at the end of the 1st or at the beginning of the 2nd month of life, because at this age, a daily routine is developed in their shift, conditioned reflexes are formed from all analyzers, wakefulness becomes more stable and calm. Setting a daytime nap is actually the development of conditioned reflexes at a certain time for the occurrence of sleep and wakefulness.
To form daytime sleep, you need to create special conditions for falling asleep quickly. To do this, use the long-term action of some weak, rhythmically acting stimulus. However, families often use rocking in their arms or in a stroller, affecting the vestibular apparatus. This is a negative habit. As soon as there is no action, sleep is interrupted. The quality of sleep is low, there is no complete inhibition. This process is long and painful for both the child and the adult.
Other parents sing lullabies and clap. Same result. Negatively, using pacifiers is harmful. The sleep is superficial, disturbing, because... The child sucks all the time, the pacifier falls out - no sleep.
Special studies by N.M. Shchelovanova showed that sleep in the air is useful and advisable for daytime sleep in the first months of life. The air makes you sleepy. This is a constantly acting, weak irritant. The movement of oxygen acts on the skin, nasal mucosa and upper respiratory tract, a weak cooling stimulus. This was proven by N.I. Krasnogorsky. The peculiarity of this stimulus is constancy. This is the main tool for teaching naps during the day. It is also a health remedy. You need to get used to daytime sleep in the air gradually (20-30 minutes 2 times a day for several days).
To form active wakefulness, the following conditions are necessary:
change stimuli more often (appropriate for age and level of development); take the baby out of the crib; talk to him emotionally; hang a toy over it (after sleeping and feeding).
Under such conditions, by 2 - 2.5 months. the child can live according to a clear schedule (falls asleep quickly, wakes up at the start of feeding without signs of fatigue).
What principles should be taken as a basis when drawing up a regime?
1. Professor N.M. Shchelovanov proved that the performance of the nervous system quickly changes with age. In a newborn, the working capacity limit is 20-30 minutes, and by the first year of life it is 2.5-3 hours in a row. Reduced wakefulness also has a negative effect, because The child cannot fall asleep for a long time, and then sleeps restlessly.
2. It is necessary to ensure deep, timely sleep, during which the expended energy is restored.
As a result of research by Professor N.M. Shchelovanov, N.L. Figurin, S.M. Krivina established the daily need of a child for sleep and wakefulness. So a child from 6-9 months. sleeps 3 times, after 9 months. – 2 times, and from 1 year 6 months. - 1 time. He sleeps at night without changes throughout early childhood - 10-12 hours.
As you age, the quality of your sleep also changes. Sleep is not uniform during the day and at night. According to N.L. Figurina and N.T. Terekhova, there is an alternation of deep sleep and shallow sleep (deep sleep from 15-20 minutes to 30-40 minutes, shallow sleep from 45 minutes to 20-15 minutes).
3. When building a regimen, the rhythm of feeding the child must be determined. It varies depending on age. The rhythm of feeding at regular intervals lasts only up to 9 months. Then, due to the lengthening of wakefulness, it changes. It is very important to establish the correct sequence in satisfying the basic physiological states: feeding - sleep - wakefulness - sleep (N.M. Shchelovanov).
So, creating the right regime means:
1. Establish at each age stage the duration of wakefulness that corresponds to the limit of the nervous system’s performance.
2. Determine the required daily number of hours of sleep and correctly distribute sleep periods during the day so as to ensure timely and complete rest of the nervous system, i.e. correct change of work and rest of the nervous system.
3. Establish the correct feeding rhythm.
4. Establish the correct sequence in satisfying the child’s basic physiological conditions.
5. Ensure the correct change of different types of activities, taking into account the endurance of the nervous system, avoiding overwork from monotonous, long-term, same actions.
The structure of the regime also depends on the child’s health and the time of year.
6. It is necessary to transfer a child to the next age regimen not according to one, but according to several indicators indicating that the child is already physiologically prepared for it:
Falls asleep very slowly;
Early awakening after a nap;
Maintaining activity until the end of wakefulness;
In the first year of life, anxiety appears after feeding and signs of hunger agitation appear long before it. The sum of all these indicators, provided there is a good pace of physical development, is proof of the need to transfer to the next regime.
It is especially difficult to switch to a regime with two and then one daytime sleep, because... At the same time, not only the rhythm changes, but also the sequence of all processes. Therefore, the translation must be carried out gradually and consistently. First, the duration of sleep segments is reduced and the duration of wakefulness is increased without changing the regime itself. Then, when changing the regime, the number of daytime sleep segments is reduced, but their duration increases. At the same time, reduce the duration of the child’s wakefulness as much as possible, put him to bed first, and wake him up last. The child remains in this transitional mode until he completely gets used to it.
It is necessary to establish a close connection with the family. An indicator of a correctly designed and implemented regime is the behavior of children:
1. Children are calm and active;
2. There is no crying or agitation;
3. No food refusal;
4. Children fall asleep calmly and quickly, sleep soundly and wake up refreshed.
Let's consider the regime of children from 9-10 months. up to 1 year - 1 year 2 months in the nursery. Reception in the nursery begins at 7 a.m., for which parents wake up their children at 6-6.30 a.m. Breakfast in the nursery, depending on the start of the kitchen and breakfast for children of older groups, sample taking, etc., is given to children at 8.30 in the morning, and in nurseries and kindergartens at 9 am, i.e. 2-2.5 hours after the children wake up.
Thus, already in the morning the state of optimal excitability of children is disrupted.
The rhythm of sleep and wakefulness is also disrupted. The first period of wakefulness lasts 3 hours, and the second - the most favorable for the implementation of all educational work - only 2 hours. A child put to bed after 2 hours cannot fall asleep for a long time, because... he has not exhausted his energy, he may still be awake. But after the child fell asleep late and with great difficulty, he is woken up at 4 o'clock, because... There should be afternoon tea and his mother will come for him soon. Thus, instead of the two hours of sleep he is entitled to, he sleeps less; his sleep cannot be considered complete, because... There was a long and restless fall asleep, and during the period of deep sleep the child was woken up. Such sleep cannot provide full and prolonged wakefulness. At the same time, the third period of wakefulness in a child is the longest - 4 hours, exceeding the possible limit of the nervous system’s performance. All this inevitably leads to the fact that in the evening the child’s agitation increases, disrupting the quality of night’s sleep and the child’s behavior the next day.
Often, the schedule indicates the duration of putting children to sleep, getting up after sleep, the duration of the feeding process, etc. All this leads to unnecessary haste in serving children, to a violation of the principles of consistency and gradualism, while taking into account the individual characteristics of children completely disappears. Is it possible to predict the duration of feeding? After all, this is determined by the number of children, their appetite, mood, type of food. It is more convenient to write in the mode the start time of hygiene processes and feeding, without indicating their end.
The staff of chest groups, doctors and teachers are often dissatisfied and even afraid of the presence of several modes in the chest group. At the same time, this is absolutely necessary for children and does not make it difficult, but, on the contrary, makes it easier to serve children. The ability to separate children, to organize the sleep of some while others are awake, protects children from overwork, allows you to devote more attention and time to each child, calmly carry out feeding and other processes and games-activities. Only with such a structured regime does the sister-teacher have time to conduct individual lessons with the children of each subgroup. The teacher moves from one subgroup to another, having finished feeding some, she begins to lift and feed others, etc.
If the group is staffed correctly and the teacher knows the characteristics of the children, then these modes are performed without tension.
But in order for the regime to be strictly implemented, it is necessary to correctly distribute the responsibilities of the staff and correctly structure the work schedule so that during the waking and feeding time of a large number of children there is a meeting with the sister or nannies. Staff changes should occur during children's sleeping hours, or at least during waking hours, but not during feeding or bedtime.
The responsibilities of the teacher and nanny are distributed in such a way that children in the group are never left alone. The teacher should be where there are more children; she begins the feeding process, but the nanny finishes it, because The sister organizes the wakefulness of the already fed children and conducts classes. The nanny helps the teacher in carrying out all processes. But they don't do everything at the same time. So, the nanny brought the child from the veranda, turned him around, changed his clothes, put him in the playpen, gave him toys, prepared feeding for him and began feeding him, and at that time the sister finished feeding the other child, dried him, put him in the playpen, organized his wakefulness, gave him a toy and went to the veranda to fetch the next child.
The distribution of responsibilities is drawn up in accordance with the existing real regimes and work schedule for each hour, starting from the reception of children and until the staff leave the institution.
How to help a student adapt to school life, tune in to the learning process: learn everything and do everything in time, and still have time for rest.
To do this, parents must properly organize the daily routine for the student. The state of health, physical development, performance and performance at school depend on how well the daily routine is organized.
The regime disciplines, helps to be collected. This is especially true for first-graders, as it helps the student get used to a new life and correctly combine rest and study. A properly organized daily routine will prevent irritability, excitability and preserve the child’s ability to work during the day. If you notice that your child is very tired, becomes lethargic and nervous at the end of the day, and his academic performance suffers, try to properly organize his routine, and the negative symptoms will most likely disappear on their own.
The greatest impact on a student’s health is exerted by the quantity and quality of sleep, nutrition and physical activity.
A person needs to satisfy the age-appropriate need for sleep, because otherwise conditions are created for the occurrence of diseases. In children, lack of sleep can disrupt the flow of specific hormones into the blood, which negatively affects their growth and development. With a lack of sleep, the proportion of that stage of sleep (the so-called “REM sleep”), on which the ability to learn and its success depends, suffers. Schoolchildren need to increase their usual sleep duration (at least by 1 hour) during exams, before tests and during any intense mental activity. In children who do not get 2-2.5 hours of sleep, their level of performance in class decreases by 30% compared to children who get enough sleep.
To overcome problems with falling asleep, certain conditions must be met: go to bed at the same time; limit emotional stress after 19 hours (noisy games, watching movies, etc.); form your own healthy habits: evening shower or bath, walk, reading, etc.
The child's bed should be level, not sagging, with a low pillow. The room needs to be well ventilated.
Approximate norms of night sleep for schoolchildren: in grades 1-4 - 10-10.5 hours, grades 5-7 - 10.5 hours, grades 6-9 - 9-9.5 hours, grades 10-11 - 8-9 hours.
Proper organization of a schoolchild's workplace - the conditions in which a child studies and does homework have a significant impact on his academic performance and health.
The table at which the child is studying should be positioned so that daylight falls on the left (if the child is left-handed, then vice versa); similarly, full-fledged artificial lighting should be installed. The light from a table lamp should not hit your eyes; a special protective visor or lampshade can prevent this.
The optimal ratio of the height of the table and the chair is as follows: sitting straight, leaning your elbow on the table and raising your forearm vertically (as you raise your hand to answer in a lesson), the child should reach the outer corner of the eye with his fingertips. To do this, it is often enough to adjust the height of the chair. When seated correctly, the child’s legs should rest against the floor or stand, forming a right angle at both the hip and knee joints. The chair should have a low back. Working in such conditions, the child will be less tired. In addition, properly selected furniture is one of the important factors in preventing postural disorders. Monitoring the suitability of furniture for the child’s height should be carried out at least 2 times a year.
Basic rules when working at a computer: it is necessary to work at computers with a well-lit desktop; spend no more than three hours a day at the computer; do eye exercises every 15 minutes; get up from the computer every hour and do a set of exercises for your arms and spine; be sure to alternate working at the computer with a walk in the fresh air; A static, large color image accompanied by sound is best for children's perception.
A properly organized diet is based on the fulfillment of certain requirements. First of all, this is observing the timing of meals and the intervals between them. The intervals between meals for schoolchildren should not exceed 3.5-4 hours. For schoolchildren, 4-5 meals a day are recommended. In this case, the diet must be balanced in composition, contain the required amount of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, vitamins and minerals.
The child should eat food slowly, in a calm environment; the appearance and smell of the dishes and the table setting should evoke positive emotions in him.
The health and comfort of the child depend, among other things, on the daily routine. Routine is important for children of any age, but it is especially important for babies in the first months of life. Let's talk about how to create the right daily routine for children, what is important to consider and what problems may arise.
Is a daily routine really necessary?
A properly designed daily routine is useful not only for the child in the first months, but also for his parents. However, when developing it, it is important to take into account the natural regime. This is the only way to avoid causing harm to the baby’s nervous system, to develop useful skills in him, to strengthen his immunity, and to help him adapt to society. A child who lives according to a certain routine becomes calmer and more disciplined. This happens because he knows the time at which mom and dad will give him food, play with him and put him to bed. Based on the baby's routine, parents have the opportunity to think through their day in advance. However, remember that if there is a serious violation of the established daily routine, for example, when the baby is fed or put to bed outside of school hours, he becomes irritable and capricious. Below we will present several fundamental principles, the observance of which will help parents structure their day correctly.
- on an individual approach. When developing a regimen, you should take into account the individual characteristics and habits of the child. Parents must understand that the routine depends on the rhythm of the physiological processes of the body. If they want their baby to grow healthy and develop well, then when developing a daily routine it is important to take into account biological rhythms;
- reasonable compromise. It is important that the daily routine is convenient for all family members and corresponds to the natural needs of the child and the interests of each parent. It is worth remembering that the regime is not the law;
- sequences. The actions of all family members must be consistent and coordinated. At the age of several months, the child does not know how to behave correctly. And he will not develop these skills for a long time. If parents constantly change their requirements and want something new from their child, then it will be difficult for him to master this skill. Therefore, all family members should be unanimous in their approaches;
- flexibility. Every day, even the most correct one, sometimes needs to be adjusted. The child develops and moves into a new stage of his life. His needs also change. Parents must constantly monitor his well-being, mood and make timely changes to his daily routine.
What daily routine is acceptable for a newborn?
The first months of life, a newborn only sleeps and eats. Sleep helps regulate your baby's rhythms. Remember that if your child has difficulty falling asleep, this cannot but affect his daily routine. Parents should teach their baby to go to bed at the same time. This skill can be developed in children older than 2 months. And starting from 3-4 months, parents can put the baby in the crib and leave the room. The child must learn to fall asleep on his own.Many young mothers often ask doctors about how to feed their infant in the first months. Most pediatricians recommend putting the baby to the breast on demand, i.e. there should not be a clear feeding regimen before the age of one year. As the baby gets older and is introduced to complementary foods, the intervals between feedings become longer.
How to properly develop a daily routine for a newborn baby
Accustoming a baby under one year to a certain routine is not easy. It is important to take into account individual characteristics here. In the first months, the mother should watch him. This will help identify the daily routine that the child himself adheres to. If the parents, after monitoring him, were unable to clearly determine his routine, they need to think about what might be preventing the baby from eating and sleeping at approximately the same time. If it is difficult to do this on your own, you can seek help from a pediatrician. When creating the correct daily routine for a child up to one year old, you should use the following recommendations.- Develop the habit of going to bed at the same time every day. This is easy to do: put him to sleep in the fresh air. In the summer, the child can sleep on the balcony, in a stroller on the street or near an open window, and in cold weather - in a well-ventilated room. It is better to ventilate the room 10 minutes before the child goes to bed. It takes 3-4 minutes to rock the baby. To help him fall asleep, you can sing him a lullaby.
- Take more walks in the fresh air. With a child older than 8–10 months, it is recommended to walk not only when he is sleeping, but also when he is awake.
- Watch the light in the room. In the daytime it should be natural and bright. In the evening hours the room should be quiet, the lights should be dim. The child must distinguish between day and night. This way he will begin to understand when to be active and when to rest.
- Breastfeed your baby more often. This helps to develop the correct daily routine and strengthen the nervous system. Remember: the longer you breastfeed your baby, the better for his health.
- Engage in active games with your baby. You can already visit a child under the age of one year, introduce him to the world around him, give him a massage, etc.
- Try to maintain a daily routine as a family. This will make it easier for your child to get used to his routine. To do this, all family members should go to bed at the same time, which should also be convenient for him. Remember that the established regime must be followed every day: the baby must eat, sleep, and communicate with you at the same time.
- They don’t let him sleep when he wants. Remember that a baby under 6 months should nap approximately every 2 hours during the day. Otherwise, he will quickly become overtired and begin to be capricious;
- do not take into account natural biorhythms. At first, a baby who is being taught a daily routine will not understand what they want from him. Many mothers at this stage give up and stop “tormenting” the child;
- Accustomed to a routine during travel and long journeys. At first, you should focus on introducing the baby to the daily routine, and only then perform other tasks with him.
Why is the daily routine often disrupted?
Remember that no matter how correctly the routine was drawn up, the child will adjust it to suit himself and, even if he seems to be completely accustomed to the routine, violations are still possible. This usually happens when the baby is sick or actively growing. It also happens that he confuses day and night, and it is very difficult to correct this. For what other reasons can the daily routine be disrupted?- If a child learns a new skill. This could be crawling, rolling over, walking, getting up, learning new words. It is during these periods that the baby needs to eat and sleep more. Sometimes he may wake up at night. This is fine.
- He refuses breastfeeding completely. This phenomenon is typical for babies aged about a year, even from 9 months.
- He's teething. At this time, sleep becomes restless.
- The child does not want to sleep much or moves little during periods of wakefulness.
- He lacks impressions during the daytime. To do this, he should be given new opportunities: the periods of interaction with the outside world can be increased.
- He suffered a long flight, a trip, and the time zone changed.
What to do if your child confuses day and night
This can happen to every baby under one year old, for example, because he did not sleep well during the day, did not get enough sleep, he is tormented by colic, or is disturbed by loud sounds from the street. What should a mother do in this situation?- Wake up your child earlier than expected during nap time.
- Disturb sleep at odd times, but do not overdo it.
- Create a favorable atmosphere in the room for sleep. To do this, you should ventilate the room more often, remove all unnecessary sounds, and perform the required ritual before going to bed.
Daily routine for a baby under 1 year old
Below is an approximate daily routine for a baby under 1 year old. It may not be suitable for all children. However, by adhering to its basics, parents can easily create a daily routine and make adjustments to it together with the pediatrician. You should not be upset if your baby changes the regime to suit himself or if you have to remove several important points from it. There is nothing wrong. The most important thing is to take the main points from the standard plan. If the regime has gone wrong and it was not your fault, then it is recommended to return to the previous rhythm of life as quickly as possible.The routine should include not only sleep, feeding, walking, but also time for games and communication. It is necessary to leave time for the baby to be alone with himself. Of course, the last requirement is very conditional, since children of this age should not be left alone, even for a short period of time.
Approximate daily routine for children under 1 month
- 07:00 – getting up, hygiene procedures, feeding.
- 07:00 – 09:00 – time of wakefulness.
- 09:00 – second feeding.
- 09:00 – 10:00 – time for daytime sleep.
- 10:00 – 11:00 – active wakefulness.
- 11:00 – feeding.
- 11:30 – 12:30 – time for the second morning nap. It usually goes away while walking.
- 13:00 – feeding.
- 13:00 – 14:00 – time for active wakefulness, mother can play with the baby.
- 14:00 – 15:00 – time for daytime sleep. At this time, mom or dad is walking with their baby on the street, he is sleeping in the stroller.
- 15:00 – feeding.
- 15:00 – 17:00 – time for wakefulness, games, communication.
- 17:00 – feeding.
- 17:00 – 18:00 – baby’s evening sleep.
- 18:00 – 19:00 – time for quiet wakefulness.
- 19:00 – feeding.
- 19:00 – 20:30 – time for communication.
- 20:30 – swimming.
Babies aged 2 to 3 months sleep less, and periods of daytime wakefulness become longer. At this time, the first daytime sleep may disappear. The baby also becomes more active and adheres to a new nightly sleep schedule - now it is 10-12 hours with breaks for feeding. Parents adjust their daily routine and adapt to the child. If the developed regimen is suitable for all family members, it can be followed until the baby reaches 3 months of age.
- 07:00 – carrying out hygiene procedures, feeding.
- 09:00 – feeding.
- 09:00 – 10:00 – massage and special gymnastics.
- 10:00 – 11:00 – time for fun and games with the child. They are usually carried out in the baby's crib.
- 11:00 – feeding.
- 11:30 – 12:30 – second sleep. Usually the baby sleeps in the stroller while walking outside.
- 13:00 – feeding.
- 13:00 – 14:00 – communication, gymnastics to develop skills.
- 14:00 – 15:00 – time for the baby’s nap. He usually sleeps in the stroller while walking outside.
- 15:00 – feeding.
- 15:00 – 17:00 – communication with mom and loved ones.
- 17:00 – time for feeding.
- 17:00 – 18:00 – evening sleep.
- 18:00 – 19:00 – mother reading fairy tales and poems. You can also listen to calm music with your child.
- 19:00 – feeding.
- 19:00 – 20:30 – games, active wakefulness.
- 20:30 – swimming.
- 21:00 – feeding, going to bed at night.
Doctors call such a child almost an adult. Parents must definitely adjust their daily routine. Initially, you need to reduce the number of feedings. The baby is now fed every 3-4 hours. It all depends on the baby's needs. Also, a baby older than 4 months does not need to sleep in the evening. Remember that evening sleep can provoke problems with nighttime sleep. Parents should come up with a ritual that will make it easier for their child to fall asleep. This could be a bath, a quiet game before bed, a lullaby, or just attention from parents.
- 07:00 – getting up, hygiene procedures and feeding.
- 07:30 – 09:00 – time to stay awake.
- 09:00 – feeding.
- 09:00 – 10:00 – massage and special gymnastics.
- 10:00 – 11:30 – entertainment, games in the crib.
- 11:30 – 12:30 – time for the baby’s morning sleep. Usually the child sleeps in a stroller outside.
- 13:00 – feeding.
- 13:00 – 14:00 – time for playing with educational toys.
- 14:00 – 15:00 – afternoon nap.
- 15:00 – 17:00 – communication with family.
- 17:00 – time for feeding.
- 17:00 – 19:00 – reading fairy tales, poems, listening to calm music with mom.
- 19:00 – 20:30 – games, if weather permits, outside.
- 20:30 – time for bathing the child.
- 21:00 – feeding, getting ready for bed.
At this time, periods of feeding and wakefulness change: the baby can sleep all night. Also at this age, the child is able to get up very early and stay awake almost all day. According to doctors, 16 hours of sleep a day is enough at this age. A sample schedule might look like this:
- 08:00 – 08:30 – getting up, hygiene procedures, feeding.
- 10:00 – morning sleep.
- 11:00 – 13:00 – feeding, walks outside, games.
- 13:00 – sleep.
- 14:00 – feeding and games.
- 17:00 – afternoon nap.
- 17:30 –1 8:30 – time for games with the child.
- 18:30 – swimming.
- 19:00 – 19:30 – feeding.
- 20:00 – preparation for night sleep.
During this period, many children begin to wake up at night. This is due to the large number of daytime experiences. At such moments, parents must calm their baby, and then he will fall asleep again. If parents put their baby to bed 30 minutes earlier than expected, they may be able to prevent night awakenings. By 6 months of age, babies should sleep 16 hours a day. Three daily naps can last from 1.5 to 2 hours. During teething, babies may also wake up during the night. A 6 month old baby's daily routine should be something like this:
- 07:00 – the baby gets up, the mother does hygiene procedures for him, feeds him.
- 08:30 – the child eats and gets ready for bed.
- 10:00 – wakes up and walks for about 90 minutes.
- 12:30 – mother feeds the baby, plays with him, gets him ready for bed.
- 15:00 – after waking up, the mother feeds the baby again and plays educational games with him.
- 20:15 – baby has dinner, bathes, gets ready for bed.
Between 7 and 9 months, babies should sleep 15 hours a day. Children of this age often wake up at night. At this time, parents should talk quietly with the child, and then he will fall asleep again. At this age, the following regimen is recommended for children:
- 07:00 – the child wakes up, the mother carries out hygiene procedures, feeds him.
- 07:30 – the whole family sits down at the table and has breakfast.
- 08:30 – morning sleep.
- 10:15 – mother feeds the baby and walks with him.
- 11:30 – all family members get ready for dinner.
- 12:45 – 14:30 – the child gets ready for bed, the mother feeds him, then a walk.
- 17:15 – preparation for dinner with the whole family.
- 18:00 – feeding.
- 18:30 – the child is bathed.
- 20:00 – preparation for night sleep. Mom should feed him at night around 02:30, 03:00, 04:30, 05:00.
At this time, the baby is very reluctant to let go of his mother. Doctors recommend organizing your baby's sleep so that he sees her when he gets up and falls asleep.
- 07:00 – the child gets up, the mother carries out hygiene procedures, feeds him, then a morning nap is possible.
- 09:30 – mother feeds the baby.
- 10:30 – the baby plays with his mother; if the weather is good, you can do this outdoors.
- 14:00 – afternoon feeding.
- 14:15 – the baby is prepared for his second nap.
- 16:30 – time for the child to be awake: he plays, communicates with his family.
- 18:00 – mother feeds the baby.
- 18:15 – again time to stay awake, play, communicate with family.
- 19:00 – the baby is bathed and prepared for bed.
- 19:30 – time for sleep.
- 22:00 – mother feeds the baby.
- Night sleep.
A baby aged 10 months to 1 year should sleep about 13 hours a day. He should also sleep 2 times at night, once in the morning.
- 07:00 – the child gets up, hygiene procedures are carried out, the mother feeds him.
- 08:00 – the whole family gets ready for breakfast and plays active games.
- 09:00 – 10:00 – feeding, getting ready for bed.
- 11:00 – feeding.
- 12:00 – the whole family gets ready for dinner, plays with the baby.
- 13:40 – the child rests after lunch, the mother feeds him, then games.
- 15:30 – mother feeds the baby and walks with him in the fresh air.
- 17:40 – all family members prepare for dinner.
- 19:00 – the baby gets ready for bed, communicates with other family members.
- 20:00 – the child is bathed and given a fermented milk drink.
- 21:00 - the baby is prepared for the night's sleep.
During this period, the baby already gets used to adhering to a certain daily routine. If violated, he becomes restless, cannot rest properly, and will be capricious. The routine for ages 11 months to one year looks something like this:
- 07:00 – the baby gets up, the mother carries out hygiene procedures, feeds him.
- 08:30 – the family prepares for breakfast, plays and reads fairy tales with the baby.
- 10:00 – the child gets ready for bed and rests.
- 11:30 – Mom feeds him, plays and walks with him.
- 12:30 – lunch, games, reading books.
- 14:00 – the child prepares for an afternoon nap.
- 15:00 – the baby wakes up, after feeding, the mother plays with him.
- 17:30 – dinner, games, communication with family.
- 18:30 – the baby rests and bathes.
- 21:00 – preparation for night sleep.
Compliance with the regime and sequence of hours of sleep, feeding, and wakefulness contributes to the development of a certain dynamic stereotype (time reflex), which helps the normal functioning of all organs and systems of the baby’s body. The criterion for the correct alternation of the main routine moments is the child’s good emotional state during feeding and wakefulness, as well as calm, deep sleep.
From this article you will learn how to properly organize the daily routine of an infant and what the daily routine of a newborn should be.
Infant's daily routine
How to organize a routine for a newborn?
It is necessary to implement the daily routine of an infant in the first month of his life. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the newborn period, which is characterized by a chaotic alternation of sleep and wakefulness. The predominant reason for the baby to wake up is hungry excitement. It is most advisable for children under one year of age to be awake immediately after feeding and sleep before the next feeding. As a rule, after waking up, the baby eats well, after which he remains awake, then quickly falls asleep and sleeps soundly until the next feeding.
What should be the regimen for a newborn baby?
The regime for a newborn is its subordination to the lifestyle of adults. Adults teach the child and consciously impose on him a model of behavior that is optimal for a harmonious family life. Average daily need for sleep in children of different ages:
- Newborn - 16 hours,
- 6 months - 14.5 hours,
- 12 months - 13.5 hours,
- 2 years - 13 hours,
- 4 years - 11.5 hours,
- 6 years - 9.5 hours,
- 12 years - 8.5 hours,
- 18 years old - 8 hours.
How to organize a baby's daily routine?
When following a feeding regimen, the child develops a need to sleep and eat at certain hours, and the time of wakefulness gradually increases during the day, and sleep - in the evening and at night.
Often, a child’s bad mood is associated precisely with a violation of the daily routine, which leads to overwork and lack of sleep, which subsequently affects his physical and mental health: the child develops poorly and becomes irritable.
Children living according to the established regime do not need additional reassurance (rocking, carrying in arms, using a pacifier). If the baby lives according to a certain regime, he will easily get used to the daily routine in kindergarten.
Children in their first year of life usually sleep soundly at night. If they are restless, you need to find out the reason. There is no need to rush to feed your baby. Maybe diapers need changing or a change in position, maybe mosquitoes or other insects are bothering you, or the baby is hot or cold. It is important to eliminate the causes of crying.
Infants fall asleep very quickly if their parents rock them in their arms, in a stroller or crib. But sleep during motion sickness is shallow, and the child can quickly wake up. In addition, a certain habit of motion sickness arises. It is also undesirable to use a pacifier, as it interferes with the onset of deep sleep and contributes to the development of a negative habit.
Infant's daily routine from birth to 2.5-3 months
During the first year of life, the child’s routine should change 4 times. Transfer to each subsequent regimen should be carried out only on the recommendation of a pediatrician.
From birth to 2.5-3 months, a newborn baby is fed 6-8 times a day with an interval between feedings of 3-3.5 hours (the interval can range from 2.5 to 4.5 hours with free feeding). In this mode, the period of wakefulness between feedings is 1 - 1.5 hours. The child sleeps 4 times a day for 1.5-2 hours.
Infant's daily routine from birth to 3 to 5 months
From 3 to 5-6 months, a newborn baby is fed 6 times a day with an interval between feedings of 3.5 hours and a mandatory 10-11-hour night break. At this age, the child sleeps 4 times a day and is awake for 1.5-2.0 hours. Children up to 3 months can also live according to this regime if they eat well and maintain a gap of 3.5 hours between feedings.
Infant's daily routine from birth to 5 to 9 months
From 5-6 to 9-10 months, the child is fed 5 times a day with an interval between feedings of 4 hours. Waking time increases to 2.0-2.5 hours, daytime sleep - 3 times a day for 2.0 hours, night sleep - 10-11 hours.
Infant's daily routine from birth to 10 to 12 months
From 9-10 to 12 months. The number of feedings is 5 - 4, the interval between feedings is 4-4.5 hours. Waking time is 3 - 3.5 hours, daytime sleep - 2 times a day for 2.0 -2.5 hours, night sleep - 10-11 hours.
Newborn's daily routine
Newborn feeding regimen
In order to ensure restful sleep and wakefulness (up to 4-5 weeks), you should establish only the correct feeding rhythm, that is, feed the baby at the same time, at regular intervals. During the first month it is quite difficult to achieve any specific daily routine. The need for food in babies arises depending on individual satiety: the baby can suck more or less milk, and therefore the interval between feedings varies significantly from 2.5 to 4.5 hours. Gradually, the baby will develop “his own” specific routine. With orderly feeding, the need for food arises at certain hours, and around the beginning of the second month, the child usually wakes up on his own at the time of feeding. Gradually, after feeding, calm wakefulness begins to arise. The periods of wakefulness become longer (from 40 minutes to 1 hour), and sleep becomes deeper. From about 4-6 weeks, children should develop a rhythm of wakefulness and sleep.
Newborn's wakefulness routine
In order for a newborn baby to be actively awake from the end of the first month, frequent communication from adults, the presence of toys and freedom of movement are necessary. For children of this age, the best condition for falling asleep quickly and deep sleep is sleeping in the fresh air.
The age at which a child should be taken out into the fresh air depends on his health, season, and climatic conditions. In autumn, winter and early spring, you should gradually accustom your child to fresh air: take him to bed at the time established in the regime, first for a short time, and then for all periods of daytime sleep. It is especially important to sleep in the fresh air at this age, when the child is first accustomed to a daily routine. If, from the end of the first to the beginning of the second month, the correct daily routine is systematically followed, then by 3 months the child can completely live according to a certain regimen.
If the baby cries before the established feeding hours, he should be fed. If he cannot get used to the established regime for a long time, another one should be prescribed that meets his needs.
For newborn children under 3 months of age, the most correct daily regimen is to feed the child 7 times a day, with a period of wakefulness initially of 1 hour, and by 3 months - 1.5 hours and daytime sleep 4 times for 2 - 2.5 hours and at night from 11 to 10 o'clock.
Bathing is a good way to strengthen a small child's night sleep. Parents themselves must set bathing hours that are convenient for them, after which the child will sleep well.
Depending on the child’s condition and specific household conditions, for the mother’s convenience, the hours in the regime can be moved, and the hours of all regime moments are shifted accordingly.
When healthy, normally developing children up to 5 - 6 months are raised on a regimen with 3-hour breaks between feedings instead of switching from 2.5 to 3 months to 6 feedings a day with breaks of 3.5 hours, they will period instead of 2 hours they continue to stay awake for 1.5 hours. At the same time, by the time the child goes to bed, the need for rest has not yet arisen; he does not fall asleep for a long time. Therefore, if a child of 2.5-3 months is already easily awake for 1.5 hours, he needs to be transferred to the next mode.
Gradually, the period of wakefulness increases, so the baby should be put to bed not 1.5 hours after waking up, but a little later, when the first signs of fatigue appear. Until 4-5 months, the baby continues to sleep 4 times during the day. Some children do not sleep 4 times during the day, in this case they are put to bed earlier at night, then the duration of night sleep increases to 11 hours.
From about 5-6 months, the baby needs to be switched to a daily routine in which the duration of active wakefulness is 2-2.5 hours. During the day, children already sleep 3 times for 2-2.5 hours. The duration of night sleep is 10-11 hours.
Newborn sleep pattern
At the age of 9 - 12 months, the baby is transferred to a daily routine with two naps during the day. In this daily regimen, the duration of periods of wakefulness ranges from 2.5 to 3.5 hours. The duration of the first segment of daytime sleep increases to 2.5 hours, the second time the baby sleeps for 1.5-2 hours. Night sleep lasts 11 hours. The baby is fed 4 - 5 times a day.
During the transition to a regimen with two daily naps, it is not possible to maintain equal breaks between feedings. The interval in food intake between the first and second feedings, as well as between the second and third, reaches 4.5 hours. Such a length of intervals between feedings is acceptable because during this period of time the baby is not only awake, but also asleep. The break between the third and fourth feeding, when the baby is awake, is reduced to 3-3.5 hours.
Immediately after birth, periods of sleep and wakefulness, the processes of eating food and meeting physiological needs are evenly distributed throughout the day. The child’s body gradually adapts to the behavior pattern of the adults around him, as a result - the child prefers to sleep when those around him are sleeping, and to eat when everyone around him is eating. Such adaptation is an instinctive process, determined by biological expediency.
Preschooler's daily routine
Elements of the daily routine of preschoolers
| Wakefulness | |||||||
| Maximum duration | Number of periods nap | Duration of each period, h | Night, h | Total hours | Duration of classes, min. | Number of classes per day |
|
| up to 9-10 months | 2 (individual) |
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| months to 1 year | 1st dream -2.5 2nd dream -2 | (individual) ; |
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| From 1 to 1.5 years | 1st dream -2--2.5 2nd dream -1.5 | 1-2 (games-lessons individual and in subgroups) |
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| years to 2 years | (individual and by subgroups) |
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| From 2 to 3 years | 1-2 (group); |
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| 0t 3 to 4 years | |||||||
| From 4 to 5 years | |||||||
| From 5 to 6 years | |||||||
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