What experiments can be done with water. Fun experiments you can do at home. Eggs in water - experiments with density

The ability to see miracles in everyday objects distinguishes a genius from other people. Creativity is formed in early childhood, when the baby inquisitively studies the world around him. Science experiments, including water experiments, are an easy way to get your child interested in science and a great family activity.

From this article you will learn

Why water is good for home experiments

Water is an ideal substance for learning about the physical properties of objects. The advantages of the substance we are familiar with are:

• accessibility and low cost;
• the ability to exist in three states: solid, vapor and liquid;
• the ability to easily dissolve various substances;
• the transparency of the water ensures the clarity of the experience: the baby will be able to explain the result of the study himself;
• safety and non-toxicity of substances necessary for experiments: the child can touch with his hands everything that interests him;
• no additional tools and equipment, special skills and knowledge are needed;
• You can conduct research both at home and in kindergarten.

The complexity of the experiments depends on the age of the child and the level of his knowledge. It is better to start experiments with water for children with the simplest manipulations, in the senior group of a preschool educational institution or at home.

Experiments for kids (4-6 years old)

All little children enjoy the process of pouring and mixing liquids of different colors. The first lessons can be devoted to getting to know the organoleptic properties of the substance: taste, smell, color.

You can ask children in the preparatory group what is the difference between mineral water and sea water. In kindergarten, the results of research do not need to be proven and what is happening can be explained in accessible words.

Transparency experience

You will need two transparent glasses: one with water, the other with an opaque liquid, such as tomato juice, milk, cocktail tubes or spoons. Place objects in each container and ask the kids, in which of the cups is the straw visible and in which is not? Why? Which substance is transparent and which is impenetrable?

Drowning - not drowning

You need to prepare two glasses of water, salt and a raw fresh egg. Add salt to one of the glasses at the rate of two tablespoons per glass. If you put an egg in a clean liquid, it will sink to the bottom, and if you put it in a salty liquid, it will appear on the surface of the water. The child will develop a concept of the density of matter. If you take a large container and gradually add fresh water to salt water, the egg will gradually sink.

Freezing

At the initial stage, it will be enough to pour water into the mold with the child and put it in the freezer. You can watch together the process of melting an ice cube, and speed up the process by touching it with your fingers.

Then complicate the experiment: put a thick thread on an ice cube and sprinkle the surface with salt. After a few moments, everything will grab together and the cube can be lifted up by the thread.

A fascinating sight is represented by melting cubes of colored ice placed in a transparent container with vegetable oil (you can take baby oil). Droplets of water sinking to the bottom form a bizarre pattern that is constantly changing.

Steam is also water

For the experiment, you need to boil water. Notice to the children how steam rises above the surface. Hold a mirror or glass saucer over a container of hot liquid, such as a thermos. Show how droplets flow from it. Make a conclusion: if you heat water, it will turn into steam; when cooled, it will turn into a liquid state again.

"CONSPIRACY"

It's not an experience, but rather a focus. Before starting the experiment, ask the kids if water in a closed container can change color under a magic spell. In front of the children, say a spell, shake the jar, and the colorless liquid will become colored.

The secret is that water-soluble paint, watercolor or gouache is applied to the lid of the container in advance. When shaken, the water washes away the paint layer and changes color. The main thing is not to turn the inside of the lid towards the audience.

Broken pencil

The simplest experiment demonstrating the refraction of an image in a liquid is placing a tube or pencil in a transparent glass filled with water. The part of the product immersed in liquid will appear deformed, causing the pencil to appear broken.

The optical properties of water can also be checked in this way: take two eggs of the same size and immerse one of them in water. One will appear larger than the other.

Expansion on freezing

Take plastic cocktail straws, cover one end with plasticine, fill with water to the brim and seal. Place the straw in the freezer. After a while, notice to the baby that the liquid, freezing, expanded and displaced the plasticine plugs. Explain that water can rupture a container if exposed to low temperatures.

Dry cloth

Place a dry paper napkin at the bottom of an empty glass. Turn it over and lower it vertically into a bowl of water with the edges down to the bottom. Prevent liquid from getting inside by holding the glass with force. Also remove the glass from the water in a vertical direction.

If everything is done correctly, the paper in the glass will not get wet; air pressure will prevent this. Tell the children the story of a diving bell that can be used to lower people to the bottom of a body of water.

Submarine

Place a tube in a glass filled with water and bend it in the lower third. We immerse the glass completely upside down in a container of water so that part of the straw is on the surface. We blow into it, the air instantly fills the glass, it jumps out of the water and turns over.

You can tell the children that fish use this technique: to sink to the bottom, they compress the air bubble with their muscles, and some of the air comes out of it. To rise to the surface, they pump up air and float up.

Bucket rotation

To carry out this experiment, it is advisable to call your dad for help. The procedure is as follows: take a strong bucket with a strong handle and fill it halfway with water. A more spacious place is chosen; it is advisable to conduct the experiment in nature. You need to take the bucket by the handle and quickly rotate it so that the water does not spill. When the experiment is over, you can watch the splashes spilling out of the bucket.

If your child is old enough, explain that liquid is held in place by centrifugal force. You can experience its effect on attractions whose operating principle is based on circular motion.

Vanishing coin

To demonstrate this experiment, fill a quart jar with water and close the lid. Take out a coin and give it to the baby so that he can be convinced that it is an ordinary one. Have your child place it on the table and you place the jar on top. Ask your child if he sees the money. Remove the container and the coin will be visible again.

floating paper clip

Before starting the experiment, ask your child whether metal objects sink in water. If he finds it difficult to answer, throw a paper clip vertically into the water. She will sink to the bottom. Tell your child that you know a magic spell to keep the paperclip from sinking. Using a flat hook bent from a second specimen, slowly and carefully place a horizontal paperclip on the surface of the water.

To prevent the product from completely sinking to the bottom, first rub it with a candle. The trick can be carried out thanks to a property of water called surface tension.

Anti-spill glass

For another experiment based on the properties of surface tension of water, you will need:

• transparent smooth glass glass;
• a handful of small metal objects: nuts, washers, coins;
• oil, mineral or vegetable;
• chilled water.

Before conducting the experiment, you need to grease the edges of a clean, dry glass with oil. Fill it with water and lower the metal objects one at a time. The surface of the water will no longer be flat and will begin to rise above the edges of the glass. At some point, the film on the surface will burst and the liquid will spill. Oil in this experiment is needed to reduce the connection between water and the surface of the glass.

Flowers on the water

Required materials and tools:

• paper of different densities and colors, cardboard;
• scissors;
• glue;
• wide container with water: basin, deep tray, dish.

The preparatory stage is making flowers. Cut the paper into squares with a side of 15 centimeters. Fold each one in half and then double again. Randomly cut out the petals. Bend them in half so that the petals form a bud. Dip each flower into the prepared water.

Gradually the flowers will begin to open. The speed of unraveling will depend on the density of the paper. The petals straighten due to swelling of the fibers of the material.

Treasure Hunt

Collect small toys, coins, beads and freeze them in one or more pieces of ice. The essence of the game is that as it thaws, objects will appear on the surface. To speed up the process, you can use kitchen utensils and various tools: forks, tweezers, a knife with a safe blade. If several children are playing, you can arrange a competition.

Everything is absorbed

The experience introduces the child to the ability of objects to absorb liquids. To do this, take a sponge and a plate of water. Dip the sponge into the plate and watch with your child as the water rises and the sponge becomes wet. Experiment with different items, some have the ability to absorb liquids, and some do not.

Ice cubes

Children love to freeze water. Experiment with them with shapes and colors: kids will make sure that the liquid follows the shape of the container in which it is placed. Freeze the colored water into cubes, first insert toothpicks or straws into each.

From the freezer you will get a lot of colorful boats. Put on paper sails and lower the boats into the water. The ice will begin to melt, forming bizarre colored stains: this is the diffusion of liquid.

Experiments with water of different temperatures

Process stages and conditions:

1. Prepare four identical glass glasses, watercolor paints or food coloring.
2. Pour cold water into two glasses, warm water into two.
3. Color warm water black and cold water yellow.
4. Place a glass of cold water in a plate, cover the container with warm black liquid with a plastic card, turn it over and place it so that the glasses are located symmetrically.
5. Carefully remove the card, being careful not to dislodge the glasses.
6. Cold and warm water will not mix due to the properties of physics.

Repeat the experiment, but this time place a glass of hot water down.

Conduct all experiments in kindergarten in a playful way.

Experiments for schoolchildren

Water tricks for schoolchildren should be explained already in elementary grade, introducing them to the simplest scientific concepts, then the young magician will easily master both physics and chemistry in grades 8–11.

Color layers

Take a plastic bottle, fill a third of it with vegetable oil, a third with water, and leave another third empty. Pour food coloring into the bottle and seal it with a lid. A child can see that oil is lighter than air, and water is heavier.

The oil will remain unchanged, but the water will be colored. If you shake the bottle, the layers will shift, but after a few moments everything will be as it was. When placing the container in the freezer, the layer of oil will sink to the bottom and the water will freeze on top.

Sippy sieve

Everyone knows that you cannot hold water in a sieve. Show your child a trick: grease a sieve with oil and shake. Carefully pour some water along the inside edge of the sieve. Water will not flow out, since it will be retained by the oil film. But if you run your finger along the bottom, it will collapse and the liquid will flow out.

Experiment with glycerin

The experiment can be carried out on the eve of the New Year. Take a jar with a screw top, a small plastic toy, glitter, glue and glycerin. Glue the toy, Christmas tree, snowman to the inside of the lid.

Pour water into a jar, add glitter and glycerin. Close the lid tightly with the figurine inside and turn the container over. Thanks to glycerin, the sparkles will swirl beautifully around the figure if you regularly turn the structure over. The jar can be given as a gift.

Making a cloud

It's more of an environmental experiment. If your child asks you what clouds are made of, do this experiment with water. Pour hot water into a 3-liter jar, about 2.5 centimeters deep. Place pieces of ice on a saucer or baking sheet and place on the jar so that the neck is completely closed.

Soon a cloud of fog (steam) forms inside the container. You can draw your preschooler's attention to condensation and explain why it is raining.

Tornado

Often both children and adults are interested in how such an atmospheric phenomenon as a tornado is formed. Together with your children, you can answer this question by arranging the following experiment with water, which consists of the following steps:

1. Prepare two 2-liter plastic bottles, tape, and a metal washer with a diameter of 2.5.
2. Fill one of the bottles with water and place a washer on the neck.
3. Turn the second bottle over, place it on top of the first and tightly wrap the top of both bottles with tape to prevent water from spilling out.
4. Turn the structure over so that the water bottle is on top.
5. Create a hurricane: start rotating the device in a spiral. The flowing stream will turn into a mini-tornado.
6. Observe the process happening in the bottles.

A tornado can also be created in a bank. To do this, fill it with water, not reaching the edges by 4-5 centimeters, add dishwashing detergent. Close the lid tightly and shake the jar.

Rainbow

You can explain the origin of the rainbow to your child as follows. In a sunny room, place a wide container of water and place a sheet of white paper next to it. Place a mirror in the container, catch a ray of sunlight with it, and direct it towards the sheet so that a spectrum appears. You can use a flashlight.

Lord of matches

Pour water into a plate and let it float on the surface of the match. Dip a piece of sugar or soap into the water: in the first case, the matches will gather around the piece, in the second, they will float away from it. This happens because sugar increases the surface tension of water, while soap decreases it.

Water flows up

Place white flowers in a container of water colored with food coloring, preferably carnations or pale green plants such as celery. After some time, the flowers will change color. You can do it simpler: use white paper napkins, not flowers, in the experiment with water.

An interesting effect can be achieved if one edge of the towel is placed in water of a certain color, and the other in another, contrasting shade.

Water from thin air

A fascinating home experiment clearly demonstrates how the condensation process occurs. To do this, take a glass jar, fill it with ice cubes, add a spoonful of salt, shake several times and close the lid. After 10 minutes, droplets of water will appear on the outer surface of the jar.

For clarity, wrap it in a paper towel and make sure there is enough water. Tell your child where in nature you can see the process of water condensation: for example, on cold stones under the sun.

Paper cover

If you turn a glass of water over, it will spill out. Can a sheet of paper hold water? To answer the question, cut out a flat lid from thick paper that is 2-3 centimeters larger than the diameter of the edges of the glass.

Fill the glass about halfway with water, place a piece of paper on top and carefully turn it over. Due to air pressure, the liquid must remain in the container.

Thanks to this joke, a student can earn popularity among his classmates.

Soap Volcano

You will need: detergent, soda, vinegar, cardboard for the “volcano”, iodine. Pour water, vinegar, dish soap and a few drops of iodine or other dye into a glass. Make a cone out of dark cardboard and wrap the container with the ingredients so that the edges touch. Pour baking soda into a glass and the volcano will begin to erupt.

Spark plug pump

This fun water trick demonstrates the power of gravity. Take a small candle, place it on a saucer and light it. Pour some colored water into a saucer. Cover the candle with a glass, the liquid will gradually be drawn into it. The explanation lies in the change in pressure inside the container.

Growing Crystals

The result of this experiment will be to obtain beautiful crystals on the surface of the wire. To grow them you need a strong salt solution. You can determine whether the solution is sufficiently saturated by adding a new portion of salt. If it no longer dissolves, the solution is ready. The cleaner the water, the better.

To clear the solution of debris, pour it into another container. Dip a wire with a loop at the end into the solution and place everything in a warm place. To obtain patterned crafts, twist the wire as required. After a few days, the wire becomes covered with salt “snow”.

Dancing coin

You need a glass bottle, a coin and water. Place the empty bottle without the cap in the freezer for 10 minutes. Place a coin soaked in water on the neck of the bottle. In less than a minute, the cold air will expand from heating and begin to displace the coin, causing it to bounce on the surface.

Magic ball

Tools and materials: vinegar, baking soda, lemon, glass, balloon, bottle, duct tape and funnel.

Process progress:

• Pour water into a bottle, add a teaspoon of soda.
• Mix three tablespoons of vinegar and lemon juice.
• Quickly pour the mixture into the water bottle through the funnel and place the ball on the neck of the bottle containing the water and soda mixture. The reaction will occur instantly: the composition will begin to “boil” and the balloon will inflate as air is displaced.

To ensure that air from the bottle gets only into the ball, wrap the neck with electrical tape.

Balls in a frying pan

If you pour a little water onto a hot surface, it will disappear (evaporate). When you add another portion, balls resembling mercury form in the pan.

Burning liquid

Cover the working surface of the sparklers with tape, leaving the tips, set them on fire and place them in a transparent vessel with water. The sticks will not go out; thanks to their chemical composition in water, their fire burns even brighter, creating the effect of a flaming liquid.

Water management

The intensity of sound is another means of changing the direction of fluid flow. The result can be observed using a powerful speaker. Under the influence of music or other sound effects, water takes on a bizarre, fantastic shape, forming foam and mini-fountains.

Rainbow water

The cognitive experiment is based on changes in the density of water. For the process, take four small glasses of water, dyes, a syringe and granulated sugar.

Add dye to the first glass and leave for a while. In the remaining mixture, dissolve 1, 2 and 3 teaspoons of sugar and dyes of different colors in succession. Unsweetened liquid is poured into a transparent glass with a syringe. Then, using a syringe, water is carefully released to the bottom, to which 0.5 teaspoon of sugar is added.

Third and fourth steps: a solution with an average and maximum concentration is released in the same way: closer to the bottom. If everything is done correctly, the glass will contain water with multi-colored layers.

colorful lamp

The cool experience delights not only children 5-6 years old, but also primary schoolchildren and teenagers. Equal parts of water and sunflower oil are poured into a glass or plastic bottle and dye is added. The process is started by dropping an effervescent aspirin tablet into water. The effect will be enhanced if you conduct this experiment in a dark room, providing illumination with a flashlight.

Ice Formation

For the trick you will need a 0.5 liter plastic bottle filled with distilled water without gas and a freezer. Place the container in the freezer, after 2 hours, take it out and sharply hit it on a hard surface.

The water will begin to turn into ice before your eyes. The experiment is explained by the composition of distilled water: it lacks centers responsible for crystallization. After impact, bubbles appear in the liquid and the freezing process begins.

This is not all the manipulations carried out with water. Substances such as starch, clay, and shampoo change its properties beyond recognition. Children aged 6-7 years can easily do almost all experiments themselves in the kitchen or experiment under the supervision of their parents by watching a video tutorial or explanatory pictures.

More cool experiments are shown in this video.

If necessary, the small chemist should be offered advice or assistance. It’s even better to do all the research together: even adults will discover many amazing properties of water.

IMPORTANT! *when copying article materials, be sure to indicate an active link to the original

One way to keep your child occupied during the holidays is to invite him to carry out simple experiments, such as physical experiments with water. In the book “Experiments of Tom Titus. Amazing Mechanics”, as many as 50 different experiences and experiments have been collected, and children can do and understand some of them completely independently. We offer two experiments in physics that can be performed like real magic tricks - with a little practice.

How to pour water with a slide

A slide can be built from almost anything - sand, salt, sugar, and even clothes. Is it possible to make a slide out of water? At first glance, it seems that an example of such a slide is a wave. However, it moves and exists only in movement. And building a slide out of water without creating a wave is a difficult task, but quite solvable. Try the following experiment to see for yourself!

What you will need:

• glass tumbler
• a handful of coins (such as nuts, washers, or other small metal objects)
• water (preferably cold)
• vegetable oil

Experience. Take a well-washed dry glass, grease the edges a little with vegetable oil and fill it with water to capacity. Now very carefully drop one coin (nut, washer) into it.

Result. As the coins are lowered into the glass, the water will not pour out of it, but will begin to rise little by little, forming a slide. This is clearly visible if you look at the glass from the side.

As the number of coins in the glass increases, the slide will become higher and higher - the surface of the water will inflate like a balloon. However, on some coin this ball will burst, and water will flow in streams along the walls of the glass.

Explanation. In this experiment, a slide on the surface of the water is formed mainly due to the physical property of water called surface tension. Its essence is that a thin film of its particles (molecules) is formed on the surface of any liquid. This film is stronger than the liquid inside the volume. To break it, you need to apply force. It is thanks to the film that the slide is formed. However, if the water pressure under the film turns out to be very high (the slide rises too high), it will burst.

The second reason for the formation of a slide is that water does not wet the surface of the glass well (cold water is worse than hot water). What does it mean? When interacting with a solid surface, water does not stick well to it and does not spread well. That is why it does not immediately flow over the edge of the glass when a slide is formed. In addition, to reduce wetting, the edges of the glass in the experiment were lubricated with vegetable oil. If, for example, gasoline, which wets glass very well, was used instead of water, no slide would have worked.

Lord of Water

Objects floating on the surface of the water move in any direction for various reasons: they can be driven by the wind or waves, or carried away by the current. Is it possible to control floating objects? Yes, they can be adjusted by hand. Is it possible to control them without touching them? Certainly! Only for this you need to control the properties of water. You will find out how this can be done by doing the following experiment.

What you will need:

• Matchbox
• bowl of water
• bar of soap
• a piece of refined sugar

Experience. Carefully place 10-12 matches into a bowl filled with water. Arrange them in the shape of star rays, as evenly as possible.

Take a piece of soap and dip the end into the water in the center of the match star. Watch what happens with the matches. Now, instead of soap, dip the tip of a piece of refined sugar into the center of the star and see how the matches behave this time.

Result. When you immerse the end of a bar of soap in water, the matches will immediately begin to float from it to the edges of the bowl. If you replace soap with a piece of refined sugar, the matches, on the contrary, will float in the opposite direction and collect near the sugar immersed in water.

Explanation. This behavior of matches is due to the following: by immersing different substances (soap and sugar) in water, you thereby change one of the important properties of water - the force of surface tension.

Soap greatly reduces the surface tension of water. When you touch a piece of soap to the surface of a liquid, it dissolves and mixes with it. Soap molecules pass between water molecules and reduce their mutual attraction. Where you touch soap to water, surface tension is broken. And surface tension in other areas pulls the matches towards the walls, away from the soap.

Sugar has the opposite effect of soap - it increases surface tension. That is why the matches are pulled into the center of the bowl towards a piece of refined sugar immersed in water.

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In this article, I have made a selection of simple chemical and physical experiments that can be carried out at home without any problems. Everything you need to carry them out can probably be found in your kitchen or medicine cabinet. You won't need any special skills either. All you need is desire and a good mood.

I tried to collect simple but spectacular experiments that will be interesting to children of different ages. For each experiment, I prepared a scientific explanation (it’s not for nothing that I studied to be a chemist!). Whether you explain to your children the essence of what is happening or not is up to you. It all depends on their age and level of training. If the children are small, you can skip the explanation and go straight to the spectacular experience, saying only that they will be able to learn the secrets of such “miracles” when they grow up, go to school and begin to study chemistry and physics. Perhaps this will make them interested in studying in the future.

Although I chose the safest experiments, they still need to be taken very seriously. It is better to perform all manipulations with gloves and a gown, at a safe distance from children. After all, vinegar and potassium permanganate can cause trouble.

And, of course, when holding a children's science show, you need to take care of the image of a mad scientist. Your artistry and charisma will largely determine the success of the event. Transforming from an ordinary person into a funny scientific genius is not at all difficult - all you have to do is tousle your hair, put on big glasses and a white coat, get smeared with soot and make a facial expression appropriate to your new status. This is what a typical mad scientist looks like.

Before organizing a science show at a children's party (by the way, it can be not only a birthday, but also any other holiday), you should do all the experiments in the absence of children. Rehearse so that there are no unpleasant surprises later. You never know what can go wrong.

Children's experiments can be carried out without a festive occasion - just so that you can spend time with your child in an interesting and useful way.

Choose the experiences you like best and create a holiday script. In order not to overburden children with science, even if it is entertaining, dilute the event with fun games.

Part 1. Chemical show

Attention! When conducting chemical experiments, you should be extremely careful.

Foam fountain

Almost all children love foam - the more, the better. Even kids know how to make it: to do this, you need to pour shampoo into the water and shake it well. Can foam form on its own without shaking and also be colored?

Ask the children what they think foam is. What does it consist of and how can it be obtained. Let them express their guesses.

Then explain that foam is bubbles filled with gas. This means that for its formation you need some substance from which the walls of the bubbles will consist, and a gas that will fill them. For example, soap and air. When soap is added to water and stirred, air enters these bubbles from the environment. But gas can also be produced in another way - through a chemical reaction.

Option 1

• hydroperite tablets;
• potassium permanganate;
• liquid soap;
• water;
• glass vessel with a narrow neck (preferably beautiful);
• cup;
• hammer;
• tray.

Setting up the experiment

1. Using a hammer, crush the hydroperite tablets into powder and pour it into the flask.
2. Place the flask on a tray.
3. Add liquid soap and water.
4. Prepare an aqueous solution of potassium permanganate in a glass and pour it into the flask with hydroperide.

After the solutions of potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate) and hydroperide (hydrogen peroxide) merge, a reaction will begin to occur between them, accompanied by the release of oxygen.

4KMnO 4 + 4H 2 O 2 = 4MnO 2 ¯ + 5O 2 + 2H 2 O + 4KOH

Under the influence of oxygen, the soap present in the flask will begin to foam and lick out of the flask, forming a kind of fountain. Due to potassium permanganate, part of the foam will turn pink.

You can see how this happens in the video.

Important: The glass vessel must have a narrow neck. Do not take the resulting foam into your hands and do not give it to children.

Option 2

Another gas, for example carbon dioxide, is also suitable for foam formation. You can paint the foam any color you want.

To carry out the experiment you will need:

• plastic bottle;
• soda;
• vinegar;
• food coloring;
• liquid soap.

Setting up the experiment

1. Pour vinegar into the bottle.
2. Add liquid soap and food coloring.
3. Add baking soda.

Result and scientific explanation

When soda and vinegar interact, a violent chemical reaction occurs, accompanied by the release of carbon dioxide CO 2 .

Under its influence, the soap will begin to foam and lick out of the bottle. The dye will color the foam in the color you choose.

Fun ball

What's a birthday without balloons? Show the children the balloon and ask how to inflate it. The guys, of course, will answer with their mouths. Explain that the balloon is inflated by the carbon dioxide that we exhale. But there is another way to inflate the balloon.

To carry out the experiment you will need:

• soda;
• vinegar;
• bottle;
• balloon.

Setting up the experiment

1. Place a teaspoon of baking soda inside the balloon.
2. Pour vinegar into the bottle.
3. Place the balloon on the neck of the bottle and pour the baking soda into the bottle.

Result and scientific explanation

As soon as soda and vinegar come into contact, a violent chemical reaction will begin, accompanied by the release of carbon dioxide CO 2. The balloon will begin to inflate before your eyes.

CH 3 -COOH + Na + − → CH 3 -COO − Na + + H 2 O + CO 2

If you take a smiley ball, it will make an even greater impression on the guys. At the end of the experiment, tie a balloon and give it to the birthday person.

Watch the video for a demonstration of the experience.

Chameleon

Can liquids change color? If yes, why and how? Before you try the experiment, be sure to ask your children these questions. Let them think. They will remember how water is colored when you rinse a brush with paint in it. Is it possible to discolor the solution?

To carry out the experiment you will need:

• starch;
• alcohol burner;
• test tube;
• cup;
• water.

Setting up the experiment

1. Pour a pinch of starch into a test tube and add water.
2. Drop some iodine. The solution will turn blue.
3. Light the burner.
4. Heat the test tube until the solution becomes colorless.
5. Pour cold water into a glass and immerse the test tube in it so that the solution cools and turns blue again.

Result and scientific explanation

When interacting with iodine, a starch solution turns blue, since this produces a dark blue compound I 2 * (C 6 H 10 O 5) n. However, this substance is unstable and, when heated, breaks down again into iodine and starch. When cooled, the reaction goes in the other direction and we again see the solution turning blue. This reaction demonstrates the reversibility of chemical processes and their dependence on temperature.

I 2 + (C 6 H 10 O 5) n => I 2 *(C 6 H 10 O 5) n

(iodine - yellow) (starch - clear) (dark blue)

Rubber egg

All children know that eggshells are very fragile and can break at the slightest blow. It would be nice if the eggs didn’t break! Then you wouldn’t have to worry about getting the eggs home when your mom sends you to the store.

To carry out the experiment you will need:

• vinegar;
• raw chicken egg;
• cup.

Setting up the experiment

1. To surprise the children, you need to prepare for this experience in advance. 3 days before the holiday, pour vinegar into a glass and place a raw chicken egg in it. Leave for three days so that the shell has time to completely dissolve.
2. Show the children a glass with an egg and invite everyone to say a magic spell together: “Tryn-dyrin, boom-burym!” Egg, become rubber!”
3. Remove the egg with a spoon, wipe it with a napkin and demonstrate how it can now become deformed.

Result and scientific explanation

Eggshells are made of calcium carbonate, which dissolves when reacted with vinegar.

CaCO 3 + 2 CH 3 COOH = Ca(CH 3 COO) 2 + H 2 O + CO 2

Due to the presence of a film between the shell and the contents of the egg, it retains its shape. Watch the video to see what an egg looks like after vinegar.

Secret letter

Children love everything mysterious, and therefore this experiment will certainly seem like real magic to them.

Take an ordinary ballpoint pen and write a secret message from aliens on a piece of paper or draw some kind of secret sign that no one except the guys present can know about.

When the children read what is written there, tell them that this is a big secret and the inscription must be destroyed. Moreover, magic water will help you erase the inscription. If you treat the inscription with a solution of potassium permanganate and vinegar, then with hydrogen peroxide, the ink will wash off.

To carry out the experiment you will need:

• potassium permanganate;
• vinegar;
• hydrogen peroxide;
• flask;
• cotton buds;
• ball pen;
• paper;
• water;
• paper towels or napkins;
• iron.

Setting up the experiment

1. Draw a picture or message on a piece of paper with a ballpoint pen.
2. Pour some potassium permanganate into the test tube and add vinegar.
3. Soak a cotton swab in this solution and swipe over the inscription.
4. Take another cotton swab, moisten it with water and wash off the resulting stains.
5. Blot with a napkin.
6. Apply hydrogen peroxide to the inscription and blot it again with a napkin.
7. Iron or place under a press.

Result and scientific explanation

After all the manipulations, you will receive a blank sheet of paper, which will greatly surprise the children.

Potassium permanganate is a very strong oxidizing agent, especially if the reaction occurs in an acidic environment:

MnO 4 ˉ+ 8 H + + 5 eˉ = Mn 2+ + 4 H 2 O

A strong acidified solution of potassium permanganate literally burns many organic compounds, turning them into carbon dioxide and water. To create an acidic environment, our experiment uses acetic acid.

The product of the reduction of potassium permanganate is manganese dioxide Mn0 2, which has a brown color and precipitates. To remove it, we use hydrogen peroxide H 2 O 2, which reduces the insoluble compound Mn0 2 to a highly soluble manganese (II) salt.

MnO 2 + H 2 O 2 + 2 H + = O 2 + Mn 2+ + 2 H 2 O.

I suggest you watch how the ink disappears in the video.

The power of thought

Before setting up the experiment, ask the children how to extinguish a candle flame. They, of course, will answer you that you need to blow out the candle. Ask if they believe you can put out a fire with an empty glass by casting a magic spell?

To carry out the experiment you will need:

• vinegar;
• soda;
• glasses;
• candles;
• matches.

Setting up the experiment

1. Pour baking soda into a glass and fill it with vinegar.
2. Light some candles.
3. Bring a glass of baking soda and vinegar to another glass, tilting it slightly so that the carbon dioxide produced during the chemical reaction flows into the empty glass.
4. Pass a glass of gas over the candles, as if pouring it on the flame. At the same time, make a mysterious expression on your face and say some incomprehensible spell, for example: “Chickens-borers, moors-pli!” Flame, don’t burn anymore!” Children must think that this is magic. You will reveal the secret after the delight.

Result and scientific explanation

When soda and vinegar interact, carbon dioxide is released, which, unlike oxygen, does not support combustion:

CH 3 -COOH + Na + − → CH 3 -COO − Na + + H 2 O + CO 2

CO 2 is heavier than air, and therefore does not fly up, but settles down. Thanks to this property, we have the opportunity to collect it in an empty glass, and then “pour” it onto the candles, thereby extinguishing their flame.

How this happens, watch the video.

Part 2. Entertaining physical experiments

Genie strongman

This experiment will allow children to look at their usual action from a different perspective. Place an empty wine bottle in front of the children (it is better to remove the label first) and push the cork into it. And then turn the bottle upside down and try to shake the cork out. Of course, you won't succeed. Ask the children: is there any way to get the cork out without breaking the bottle? Let them say what they think about this.

Since nothing can be used to pick up the cork through the neck, there is only one thing left to do - try to push it out from the inside. How to do it? You can call the genie for help!

The gin used in this experiment will be a large plastic bag. To enhance the effect, you can decorate the bag with colored markers - draw eyes, nose, mouth, hands, some patterns.

So, to conduct the experiment you will need:

• empty wine bottle;
• cork;
• plastic bag.

Setting up the experiment

1. Twist the bag into a tube and insert it into the bottle so that the handles are on the outside.
2. When turning the bottle over, ensure that the cork is on the side of the bag, closer to the neck.
3. Inflate the bag.
4. Carefully begin to pull the package out of the bottle. The cork will come out along with it.

Result and scientific explanation

As the bag is inflated, it expands inside the bottle, expelling air from it. When we begin to pull out the bag, a vacuum is created inside the bottle, due to which the walls of the bag wrap around the cork and drag it out with them. This is such a strong gin!

To see how this happens, watch the video.

Wrong glass

On the eve of the experiment, ask the children what will happen if you turn a glass of water upside down. They will answer that the water will pour out. Tell them that this only happens with the “right” glasses. And you have the “wrong” glass from which water does not pour out.

To carry out the experiment you will need:

• glasses of water;
• paints (you can do without them, but this way the experience looks more spectacular; it is better to use acrylic paints - they give more saturated colors);
• paper.

Setting up the experiment

1. Pour water into glasses.
2. Add some color to it.
3. Wet the edges of the glasses with water and place a sheet of paper on top of them.
4. Press the paper firmly against the glass, holding it with your hand, and turn the glasses upside down.
5. Wait a moment until the paper sticks to the glass.
6. Slowly remove your hand.

Result and scientific explanation

Surely all children know that we are surrounded by air. Although we cannot see him, he, like everything around him, has weight. We feel the touch of air, for example, when the wind blows on us. There is a lot of air, and therefore it presses on the ground and everything around. This is called atmospheric pressure.

When we apply paper to a wet glass, it sticks to its walls due to the force of surface tension.

In an inverted glass, between its bottom (which is now at the top) and the surface of the water, a space is formed filled with air and water vapor. The force of gravity acts on the water, pulling it down. At the same time, the space between the bottom of the glass and the surface of the water increases. Under conditions of constant temperature, the pressure in it decreases and becomes less than atmospheric. The total pressure of air and water on the paper from the inside is slightly less than the air pressure from the outside. That's why water doesn't pour out of the glass. However, after some time, the glass will lose its magical properties, and the water will still spill out. This is due to the evaporation of water, which increases the pressure inside the glass. When it becomes more atmospheric, the paper will fall off and the water will pour out. But you don’t have to bring it to this point. It will be more interesting this way.

You can watch the progress of the experiment in the video.

Gluttonous bottle

Ask your children if they like to eat. Do people like to eat glass bottles? No? Don't they eat bottles? But they are wrong. They don’t eat ordinary bottles, but they don’t even mind having a snack with magic bottles.

To carry out the experiment you will need:

• boiled chicken egg;
• bottle (to enhance the effect, the bottle can be painted or embellished in some way, but so that children can see what is happening inside it);
• matches;
• paper.

Setting up the experiment

1. Peel the boiled egg from the shell. Who eats eggs in a shell?
2. Set fire to a piece of paper.
3. Throw the burning paper into the bottle.
4. Place the egg on the neck of the bottle.

Result and scientific explanation

When we throw burning paper into a bottle, the air in it heats up and expands. By closing the neck with an egg, we prevent the flow of air, as a result of which the fire goes out. The air in the bottle cools and contracts. A pressure difference is created inside the bottle and outside, due to which the egg is sucked into the bottle.

That's all for now. However, over time I plan to add a few more experiments to the article. At home, you can, for example, conduct experiments with balloons. Therefore, if you are interested in this topic, add the site to your bookmarks or subscribe to the newsletter for updates. When I add something new, I will inform you about it by e-mail. It took me a lot of time to prepare this article, so please respect my work and when copying materials, be sure to include an active hyperlink to this page.

If you have ever conducted home experiments for children and organized a science show, write about your impressions in the comments and attach a photo. It will be interesting!

We bring to your attention 10 amazing magic experiments, or science shows, that you can do with your own hands at home.
Whether it's your child's birthday party, the weekend or the holidays, have a good time and become the center of attention of many eyes! 🙂

An experienced organizer of scientific shows helped us in preparing this post - Professor Nicolas. He explained the principles that are inherent in this or that focus.

1 - Lava lamp

1. Surely many of you have seen a lamp with a liquid inside that imitates hot lava. Looks magical.

2. Water is poured into sunflower oil and food coloring (red or blue) is added.

3. After this, add effervescent aspirin to the vessel and observe an amazing effect.

4. During the reaction, the colored water rises and falls through the oil without mixing with it. And if you turn off the light and turn on the flashlight, the “real magic” will begin.

: “Water and oil have different densities, and they also have the property of not mixing, no matter how much we shake the bottle. When we add effervescent tablets inside the bottle, they dissolve in water and begin to release carbon dioxide and set the liquid in motion.”

Do you want to put on a real science show? More experiments can be found in the book.

2 - Soda experience

5. Surely there are several cans of soda at home or in a nearby store for the holiday. Before you drink them, ask the kids a question: “What happens if you immerse soda cans in water?”
Will they drown? Will they float? Depends on the soda.
Invite the children to guess in advance what will happen to a particular jar and conduct an experiment.

6. Take the jars and carefully lower them into the water.

7. It turns out that despite the same volume, they have different weights. This is why some banks sink and others don't.

Professor Nicolas's comment: “All our cans have the same volume, but the mass of each can is different, which means that the density is different. What is density? This is the mass divided by the volume. Since the volume of all cans is the same, the density will be higher for the one whose mass is greater.
Whether a jar will float or sink in a container depends on the ratio of its density to the density of water. If the density of the jar is less, then it will be on the surface, otherwise the jar will sink to the bottom.
But what makes a can of regular cola denser (heavier) than a can of diet drink?
It's all about the sugar! Unlike regular cola, where granulated sugar is used as a sweetener, a special sweetener is added to diet cola, which weighs much less. So how much sugar is in a regular can of soda? The difference in mass between regular soda and its diet counterpart will give us the answer!”

3 - Paper cover

Ask those present: “What happens if you turn a glass of water over?” Of course it will pour out! What if you press the paper against the glass and turn it over? Will the paper fall and water will still spill on the floor? Let's check.

10. Carefully cut out the paper.

11. Place on top of the glass.

12. And carefully turn the glass over. The paper stuck to the glass as if magnetized, and the water did not spill out. Miracles!

Professor Nicolas's comment: “Although this is not so obvious, in fact we are in a real ocean, only in this ocean there is not water, but air, which presses on all objects, including you and me, we are just so used to it to this pressure that we don’t notice it at all. When we cover a glass of water with a piece of paper and turn it over, water presses on the sheet on one side, and air on the other side (from the very bottom)! The air pressure turned out to be greater than the water pressure in the glass, so the leaf does not fall.”

4 - Soap Volcano

How to make a small volcano erupt at home?

14. You will need baking soda, vinegar, some dishwashing chemicals and cardboard.

16. Dilute vinegar in water, add washing liquid and tint everything with iodine.

17. We wrap everything in dark cardboard - this will be the “body” of the volcano. A pinch of soda falls into the glass and the volcano begins to erupt.

Professor Nicolas's comment: “As a result of the interaction of vinegar with soda, a real chemical reaction occurs with the release of carbon dioxide. And liquid soap and dye, interacting with carbon dioxide, form colored soap foam - and that’s the eruption.”

5 - Spark plug pump

Can a candle change the laws of gravity and lift water up?

19. Place the candle on the saucer and light it.

20. Pour colored water onto a saucer.

21. Cover the candle with a glass. After some time, the water will be drawn inside the glass, contrary to the laws of gravity.

Professor Nicolas's comment: “What does the pump do? Changes the pressure: increases (then water or air begins to “escape”) or, conversely, decreases (then gas or liquid begins to “arrive”). When we covered the burning candle with a glass, the candle went out, the air inside the glass cooled, and therefore the pressure decreased, so the water from the bowl began to be sucked in.”

Games and experiments with water and fire are in the book "Professor Nicolas' Experiments".

6 - Water in a sieve

We continue to study the magical properties of water and surrounding objects. Ask someone present to pull the bandage and pour water through it. As we can see, it passes through the holes in the bandage without any difficulty.
Bet with those around you that you can make sure that water does not pass through the bandage without any additional techniques.

22. Cut a piece of bandage.

23. Wrap a bandage around a glass or champagne flute.

24. Turn the glass over - the water doesn’t spill out!

Professor Nicolas's comment: “Thanks to this property of water, surface tension, water molecules want to be together all the time and are not so easy to separate (they are such wonderful girlfriends!). And if the size of the holes is small (as in our case), then the film does not tear even under the weight of water!”

7 - Diving bell

And to secure the honorary title of Water Mage and Lord of the Elements for you, promise that you can deliver paper to the bottom of any ocean (or bathtub or even basin) without getting it wet.

25. Have those present write their names on a piece of paper.

26. Fold the piece of paper and put it in the glass so that it rests against its walls and does not slide down. We immerse the leaf in an inverted glass to the bottom of the tank.

27. The paper remains dry - water cannot reach it! After you pull out the leaf, let the audience make sure that it is really dry.

Project "Simple science". Exciting experiences for children and adult children.

And now I propose to watch a selection of short videos with simple but telling experiments that I will be happy to conduct with my kids.

Water flows up a napkin - physical experiments

The experiment illustrates how the process of absorption of liquid by a solid body, namely a napkin, occurs.

The essence of the experience:
The napkin has a porous structure and consists mainly of cellulose, which, in turn, has a fibrous structure. Thus, it is not difficult for water to find capillary paths to move upward.

Paper flowers on water - physical experiments

The experiment demonstrates how paper flowers bloom when they fall into water, and how a snowflake made from toothpicks can be turned into a star.

The essence of the experience:
By bending the paper, we thereby create a break and change its thickness at the bend. The paper does not have sufficient elasticity to return to its original state. But when it gets into water, the hydrogen bonds between the molecules weaken, and it, absorbing the liquid, seems to swell. The deformed area from the fold becomes thicker, and the paper straightens.

Atmospheric pressure, a glass of water and paper - experiments

Water does not pour out of the flask due to the force arising from the difference in atmospheric pressure outside the vessel and the pressure that forms inside between the bottom and the surface of the water.

The essence of the experience:
Water does not pour out of the flask due to the force arising from the difference in atmospheric pressure outside the vessel and the pressure that forms inside between the bottom and the surface of the water. That is, when a column of water tries to go down, a low-pressure environment is formed in the container, which retains the liquid.

Paper spirals and warm air - physical experiments

The experiment illustrates how paper spirals rotate due to the heat that rises from below.

The essence of the experience:
The warm air from the candle, rising upward, causes the light paper spiral to rotate; the rotating spiral twists the thread by which it is tied to the tripod. If you remove the source of warm air, the spiral will begin to spin in the other direction, as the thread will try to return to its original state and unwind. An electric stove and, for example, an incandescent light bulb can be used as a source of warm air.

Raisins and corn in soda - physical experiments

Raisins and corn kernels in soda pop up and then sink to the bottom.

The essence of the experience:
Raisins and corn kernels drown in water. But if you place them in a carbonated liquid, they will first drown, but then the gas bubbles, rising up, will carry them along with them. Having reached the surface, the bubbles burst and the corn kernels with raisins fall back to the bottom of the flask.

Eggs in water - experiments with density

The egg sinks in water. In highly salty water the egg floats. But if you try to adjust the concentration of salt in the water, you can ensure that the egg floats halfway. It's all about the difference in density between tap water and salt water.

Gambling eggs - physical and culinary experience

This culinary experiment demonstrates how to separate chicken yolk from white using a plastic bottle.

The essence of the experience:
This culinary experiment demonstrates how to separate chicken yolk from white using a plastic bottle. In this way you can play culinary tic-tac-toe. The winner eats it all!

Experiment and learn physics and chemistry with your kids with the help of the Simple science project.

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About the project “New Rich from Childhood”

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