Collage:PG. Photo: RIA Novosti/Vladimir Rodionov
World Population Day. Established by a resolution of the UN General Assembly in 1989.
According to the latest data, the world population is over 7.5 billion people. Every year the world's population increases by 83 million people. According to UN forecasts, by 2030 there will be 8.6 billion people living on Earth, by 2050 - 9.8 billion, by 2100 - 11.2 billion.
World Chocolate Day
Every year on July 11, lovers of sweets celebrate World Chocolate Day. The chocolate holiday was invented and first held by the French in 1995.
It is believed that the creators of the chocolate drink and chocolate itself were the Aztecs. They called it "food of the gods." The Spanish conquistadors, who first brought it to Europe, dubbed the delicacy “black gold” and used it to strengthen physical strength and endurance.
On Chocolate Day, festivals, concerts, processions and other events dedicated to this sweet holiday are held in different countries. In factories, factories or confectionery shops that produce chocolate and its derivatives, on this day everyone is told how and what chocolate is made from, all sorts of competitions and tastings are held, exhibitions of works made from chocolate and even master classes where you can try yourself in the role of chocolatier.
In Russia, in the city of Pokrov, Vladimir region, a monument to chocolate was erected.
20 years ago (1998) the first World Youth Games opened in Moscow. More than 7 thousand young athletes from 139 countries took part in them. The average age of the participants was 15.5 years. Competitions were held in 15 sports that are most popular among young people. 162 sets of awards were drawn. The World Youth Games ended on July 19.
89 years ago (1929), the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR adopted a resolution “On the use of labor of criminal prisoners.” According to the document, the country began to form a network of forced labor camps, which later received the name “GULag” (the Main Directorate of forced labor camps, labor settlements and places of detention of the OGPU). The system united more than 50 camp directorates with thousands of camp departments and points, over 400 colonies, as well as more than 2,000 special commandant's offices.
100 years ago (1918) the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR approved the first Soviet budget. It was designed for 6 months. Its income was 2.9 billion, and its expenses were 17.6 billion rubles.
226 years ago (1792), Empress Catherine II granted the Black Sea Cossack army “for courageous feats on land and on waters and undaunted loyalty during the successfully completed war with the Otoman Porte” “the island of Phanagoria with the lands lying between the Kuban and the Sea of Azov, into eternal possession "
By decree of the Empress, the boundaries of the new possessions of the Russian Empire were proclaimed. The duties of the Cossack army to protect them from Circassian raids were also established. For this service they were given 20 thousand rubles annually from the state treasury.
31 years ago (1987) the 5 billionth inhabitant of the Earth was born. This title was given to Matej Gašpar, who was born in Zagreb, Yugoslavia. And just 12 years later, on October 12, 1999, the birth of the planet’s six billionth inhabitant was officially recorded.
43 years ago (1974), the famous terracotta army of the first Emperor of the Celestial Empire, Qin Shi Huang, was found in northwestern China in Xi'an.
An unusual discovery was made by a peasant who wanted to dig a well on his property. Archaeologists who carried out the excavations recovered terracotta statues of over 8,000 warriors, 150 horses and 130 chariots drawn by 520 horses. Each of the statues has unique features. All warriors differ in rank and type of weapon.
20 years ago (1998) The opening ceremony of the World Youth Games took place in Moscow.
Sports competitions for youth were organized on the initiative of the Moscow Government and the Moscow Physical Culture and Sports City Association (MGFSO) with the support of the Russian Olympic Committee (ROC).
On April 15, 1997 in Lausanne, President of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) Juan Antonio Samaranch, Moscow Mayor Yu.M. Luzhkov and ROC President V.G. Smirnov signed an agreement on organizing the Games. At the same time, the organizers of the competition were allowed to use almost all Olympic symbols and rituals.
The grand opening of the World Youth Games took place in Moscow on July 11, 1998. Children from 131 countries took part in the Games. Competitions were held in 14 sports (basketball, wrestling, volleyball, handball, artistic and artistic gymnastics, judo, athletics, swimming, synchronized swimming, tennis, table tennis, fencing and football). 523 sets of medals were played, won by boys and girls from 68 countries.
For the Games competitions, the best sports facilities in Moscow were provided: all the facilities of the Luzhniki stadium (Central and Small sports arenas, the Sports Palace, the Druzhba gym, a children's sports town), the Olimpiysky, Labor Reserves, Chertanovo sports complexes, sports palaces “Dynamo” and “Sokolniki”, gaming halls of CSKA, “Trinta”, stadiums “Dynamo”, “Lokomotiv”, “Torpedo”, “Moskvich”, as well as the Moscow region cities of Selyatino, Khimki, Shchelkovo.
Young Russian athletes performed at the World Youth Games with great success. They won 124 prize medals in the competitions of the main program of the Games, of which 64 were gold, 29 silver and 31 bronze.
77 years ago (1941) the heroic defense of Kyiv began
On July 11, 1941, the heroic defense of the city of Kyiv began, which influenced the further development of events of the Great Patriotic War. The Battle of Kiev, or the Kiev Strategic Defense Operation of 1941, was a large-scale military operation by Soviet troops to defend Kyiv from the Nazi invaders, which lasted until September 26, 1941, when the last Red Army soldiers left the city.
At the beginning of July, enemy troops - Army Group "South", having created almost triple superiority in forces and pushing back Soviet units of the Southwestern Front, on July 7-8 broke through the defenses of Soviet troops south of Novograd-Volynsky, captured Berdichev, Zhitomir and by July 11 came close to Kyiv - to the Irpen River, which is 15 km from the city. But the lightning capture that Hitler planned did not work out. Retreating under the blows of German troops, Soviet soldiers fought courageously, despite heavy losses.
In addition to the direct military units defending Kyiv, its residents also took an active part in the defense of the city. Since the beginning of the war, more than 200 thousand Kiev residents volunteered for the front, and a people's militia was created in the city - every day over 160 thousand residents worked on the construction of defensive lines.
According to the plan to seize the territory of the USSR, Hitler wanted to occupy the Donbass and Crimea even before the onset of winter, because he considered the seizure of Ukraine an important strategic step - firstly, it would deprive the Soviet Union of its largest industrial and agricultural base, and secondly, it would provide support from the south the central group of German troops, which had the main task of capturing Moscow.
The heroic defense of Kiev played a huge role during the entire war - it diverted large forces of Army Group Center to the south, which violated the overall strategic plan of the fascist German command for a lightning war against the USSR, delaying the offensive in the main direction - Moscow - for 2 months. It was this delay that allowed the Soviet command to prepare for the defense of the capital.
In 1965, on the 20th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War, Kyiv was awarded the Order of Lenin for its heroic defense and received the honorary title “Hero City”. The medal “For the Defense of Kyiv” was also established (in 1961).
82 years ago (1936) The first USSR football champion was determined: Dynamo Moscow won its fifth consecutive victory (1:0) over Spartak and, one round before the end of the championship, which was held with 7 participants in one round, became unattainable for its rivals.
100 years ago (1918) By decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR, the People's Commissariat of Health was established - the highest state body that united all branches of health care in the country.
182 years ago (1836) At the Alexandria Theater there was a performance of... "The Real Inspector General", in which the young and fair real inspector Provodov was added to the previous heroes. He reveals the machinations of officials led by Gorodnichy, punishes the guilty and offers his hand and heart to Gorodnichy’s daughter. The author of the play, as it turned out later, was not Gogol at all, but a certain Prince Tsitsianov. Apparently, this was the first case of black PR in St. Petersburg...
208 years ago (1810) In Moscow, on Sukharev Square, a Hospice House was opened - a shelter and hospital for cripples and beggars, built at the expense of Count Nikolai Sheremetev in memory of his late beloved wife, former serf actress Parasha Zhemchugova. The charter stated that this house should “give the homeless a place to sleep, dinner for the hungry and a dowry for a hundred poor brides.”
Nowadays this building houses the famous Sklifosovsky Institute of Emergency Medicine.
121 years ago (1897) The first attempt was made to explore the Arctic using a balloon.
On July 11, 1897, Swedish balloonist Solomon August Andre and two comrades took to the skies in an Eagle balloon from the Danish island of Spitsbergen.
Their balloon has a volume of 4531 cubic meters. m. was equipped with a sail, which was attached to a complex system of cables. It was planned to use it to control the aircraft.
During the ascent, three guiderops broke, and the ball almost became uncontrollable. Driven by a tailwind, the "Eagle" flew in a north-easterly direction for about 480 km, sometimes rising to a considerable height, sometimes dropping almost to the surface and hitting the ice. On July 14, Andre decided to terminate the flight. The ball landed on the ice 800 km from the expedition's goal - the North Pole.
The history of chocolate begins in Mexico. In 1502, when Christopher Columbus landed on American soil, the Indians presented him with a whole bowl of chocolate as a sign of hospitality, but he refused this drink. In 1519, Cortes entered the Mexican coast. The new “guests” found the drink too bitter and decided to soften it by adding cane sugar. The new drink was enjoyed at the court of the Spanish king. In 1615, thanks to Anne of Austria, wife of Louis XIII, chocolate made its debut at the French court.
For a long time, chocolate was consumed only in liquid form. The usual tiled form appeared only in the middle of the 19th century. In 1828, the Dutchman Conrad van Houten patented a hydraulic press with which oil could be extracted from cocoa beans. And in 1874, the English company Fry and Sons learned how to mix this butter with cocoa powder and sugar. Soon there was a huge demand for new chocolate - in the form of bars. Then, thanks to the innovation of Daniel Peter, milk began to be added to chocolate.
Chocolate is a confectionery product made from cocoa products and sugar. To produce it, mashed and crushed nut kernels, dry milk, dry cream, dry fruits and other additives can also be used. Chocolate is a high-calorie product with a long shelf life; it has a high nutritional value, special taste and aroma. Cocoa products include cocoa mass and cocoa butter. They are made from cocoa beans. Cocoa beans are part of the fruits that ripen on the cocoa tree, which grows in the tropical zone of the globe.
World Population Day
World Population Day - in 1989, the “Governing Council of the United Nations Development Program (UNDP)” recommended celebrating this day on July 11, since on July 11, 1987, the world population exceeded 5 billion people.
The purpose of this Day is to draw attention to population issues, general development programs, and the search for solutions to common problems.
1195 - Battle of Alarcos took place.
1302 - Battle of the Golden Spurs. The Flemish militia, mainly composed of artisans, defeated the French army.
1533 - Pope Clement VII finally declared that the marriage of King Henry VIII of England and Catherine of Aragon was still valid and excommunicated the king. By this time, the king had already divorced his first wife and married Anne Boleyn, and ties between the Anglican Church and the Vatican were severed.
1576 - the English expedition of Martin Frobisher discovered Greenland.
1700 - The German Academy of Sciences is founded in Berlin.
1733 - the solemn consecration of the Peter and Paul Cathedral, built according to the design of the architect Domenico Trezzini, took place in St. Petersburg.
1776 - Captain James Cook sailed from Plymouth on the Resolution, accompanied by the Discovery, on his last expedition.
1783 - The French Academy stopped work on developing the steamship as unpromising.
1792 - The French Legislative Assembly put forward the slogan “The Fatherland is in danger!” By decree of the assembly, all men were called up for military service.
1810 - Sheremetevskaya Hospital was built by Count Nikolai Sheremetyev (since 1929 - Moscow Research Institute of Emergency Medicine named after N.V. Sklifosovsky).
1859 - consecration of St. Isaac's Cathedral in St. Petersburg.
1874 - Alexander Nikolaevich Lodygin received privilege No. 1619 for an incandescent lamp. His invention was patented in several European countries, the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences awarded him the Lomonosov Prize this year, and at the end of the year the Electric Lighting Partnership of A. N. Lodygin and Co. was created.
1890 - The first political elections in Japanese history took place.
1893 - Kokichi Mikimoto received cultured pearls for the first time.
1897 - the first attempt was made to explore the Arctic using a balloon. Solomon August Andre and two comrades took to the skies from the Danish island of Spitsbergen. Their balloon with a volume of 4531 m3 was equipped with a sail, which was attached to a complex system of cables. It was planned to use it to control the aircraft. Nothing was known about the fate of the explorers until August 6, 1930, when their bodies were discovered on the White Island (Franz Josef Land).
1903 - on the initiative of the Royal Yacht Club of the Irish city of Cork, the first races of ships with a steam engine took place.
1905 - The International Sports Skittles Association was created.
1907 - the first airplane with a cantilever wing made its first flight - the Louis Blériot type VI Libellul aircraft, equipped with end ailerons.
1918 - the Council of People's Commissars of Russia approved the first Soviet budget for six months; on the same day, the Lithuanian Tariba proclaimed the creation of the Kingdom of Lithuania, and invited the German prince Wilhelm von Urach to the royal throne.
1919 - An 8-hour working day was introduced in Holland.
1920 - in a referendum in East and West Prussia, the majority of the population voted to retain these regions as part of Germany.
1921 - after the victories of the Mongolian People's Army with the help of the Red Army over the occupying Chinese troops and detachments of the White Guards, people's power was established in Mongolia.
1925 - The Ukrainian National Democratic Association (UNDO) was founded in Lviv.
1930 - The Novosibirsk Theater for Young Spectators was opened.
1933 - The international drug control convention was adopted in Geneva.
1940 - Romania is expelled from the League of Nations for collaborating with the Nazis.
1941 - the heroic defense of Kyiv began, July 11 - September 19, 1941 - 71 days.
1942 - in the Old Believer village of Tukhovezhi, Leningrad Region, General Vlasov was captured by Wehrmacht soldiers.
1946 - the Saratov-Moscow gas pipeline was put into operation.
1959 - During the Newport Folk Festival, Joan Baez's performance was first recorded.
1960 - The victory of socialism is declared in Czechoslovakia, the country is renamed the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic.
- France agreed to grant independence in August of this year to Dahomey (modern Benin), Niger, Upper Volta (modern Burkina Faso), Ivory Coast, Chad, Central Africa (modern Central African Republic) and Congo.
1971 - The first production of the rock opera “Jesus Christ Superstar” was staged in Pittsburgh.
1975 - A mass burial of 6 thousand ancient warrior statues was discovered in Northwestern China.
1984 - Director Yuri Lyubimov is deprived of Soviet citizenship for activities hostile to the USSR.
- In the USA it was announced that by 1989 all cars must have seat belts.
1985 - Playboy magazine published nude photographs of pop star Madonna.
1989 - the beginning of the miners' strike in Kuzbass.
1991 - Hitoshi Igarashi, the translator of the novel The Satanic Verses, written by Indian-born British citizen Salman Rushdie into Japanese, is killed in Japan.
1995 - The US and Vietnam restored full diplomatic relations.
1998 - The opening of the World Youth Games took place in Moscow.
1999 - British Grand Prix: Michael Schumacher withdraws from the race for the championship after suffering a broken right leg in an accident.
2001 - the leading instant photography company - the American concern Polaroid declared bankruptcy. The fact is that the management of the company, founded in 1937, was unable to respond in time to the emergence of digital cameras on the world market, which make it possible to obtain snapshots of much higher quality. In 2001, the concern's debt was $1 billion.
2003 - from now on in France, instead of the generally accepted Anglicism e-mail, meaning electronic mail, the Canadian word courriel will be used. This decision was made by a state commission as part of the struggle for the purity of the language.
2006 - Microsoft stopped providing technical support for the Windows 98 and Windows ME operating systems.
2010 - The Spanish national football team won the FIFA World Cup for the first time in its history, defeating the Netherlands in the final.
Holiday calendar, dates and events of July
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On July 11, 969, Princess Olga, who took the Kiev throne after the murder of her husband, Prince Igor, died by the Drevlyans. Olga's reign lasted 17 years. Even before her widowhood, she converted to Christianity. Having been baptized in Constantinople, Olga was offended by the insufficiently respectful reception given to her by the Byzantine emperor. In retaliation, she turned to the German Emperor Otto 1 with a request to send a Catholic preacher. But Otto’s envoy, monk Adalbert of Trier, did not find a common language with the people of Kiev, and the mission ended unsuccessfully.
The Roman Church failed to take advantage of the chance to extend its influence to Rus'.
On July 11, 1810, a Hospice House was opened in Moscow on Sukharev Square - a shelter and hospital for cripples and beggars, built at the expense of Count Nikolai Sheremetev in memory of his late beloved wife, former serf actress Parasha Zhemchugova. The charter stated that this house should “give the homeless a place to sleep, dinner for the hungry and a dowry for a hundred poor brides.”
Nowadays this building houses the famous Sklifosovsky Institute of Emergency Medicine.
On July 11, 1836, by order of US President Andrew Jackson, the Treasury Department issued the “Specie Circular,” which required that all purchases of public lands be made exclusively in gold or silver. The authorities sought to tame the frantic speculation in land and “shrink” the paper money supply.
The goal was achieved, but at the same time the credit market “shrinked” and a chain reaction followed the closure of banks throughout the country that were unable to satisfy the growing needs of clients for hard cash. In the spring of 1837, a financial panic broke out. In May 1838, Congress repealed the Jacksonian circular, but it was too late: a severe crisis raged until 1843.
My gift is poor and my voice is not loud,
But I live, and on earth is mine
Existence is kind to someone:
My distant descendant will find it
In my poems: who knows? my soul
Will find himself in intercourse with his soul,
And how I found a friend in a generation,
I will find a reader in posterity.
Belinsky believed that “of all the poets who appeared together with Pushkin, the first place undoubtedly belongs to Mr. Baratynsky.” His poetry is characterized by philosophy and depth of thought. Baratynsky spent the last years of his life on the Muranovo estate near Moscow, which later belonged to the Tyutchevs.
On July 11, 1844, on the Sivtsevo estate in the Pskov province, the future theorist of Russian radicalism Pyotr Tkachev, the founder of the conspiratorial trend in populism and the predecessor of modern terrorists, was born. Like many nihilists, Tkachev was from a quite decent family (his father was a poor landowner), but from his youth he sought to alleviate the lot of the people. Having entered the law faculty of St. Petersburg University, he took part in student unrest, spent time under arrest, but still completed his studies.
From the age of 18, Pyotr Nikitich earned his living as a journalist; he had a good style and was famous for his ability to clearly express his thoughts. In 1869, the young publicist was prosecuted in the case of Sergei Nechaev and sentenced to a year and four months in prison. After serving his sentence, Tkachev went into exile in Velikiye Luki, from where he soon moved to Europe. Among the Russian emigration, he developed his own political direction, going back to the ideas of the famous French rebel Auguste Blanca. In his magazine "Nabat" Tkachev explained that in the name of a bright future, the "intelligent minority" is called upon to form a conspiracy and wrest power from the hands of bloodsuckers and satraps. He argued that the basis of a future free life would not be the will of the people, but the activities of a narrow circle of advanced revolutionaries. In 1883, the fighter for people's happiness fell ill with a serious mental illness and died in Paris in 1885.
During his lifetime, Tkachev had practically no followers in Russia, but elements of his teaching are present in Lenin’s theory of revolution.
On July 11, 1903, Soviet illegal intelligence officer Rudolf Ivanovich Abel (real name William Genrikhovich Fischer) was born.
The FBI considers his arrest a feat, detailing how they meticulously tried to identify him for 4 years. But the truth is much simpler and sadder: Abel was captured as a result of betrayal. All high-profile spy cases in America are, as a rule, the result not of the activities of counterintelligence services, but of the testimony of defectors and traitors. Abel worked in the United States for 10 years; only speculation is still being made about the intelligence networks he created on the continent, since the traitorous radio operator actually did not know much, so it was not possible to arrest anyone else.
Abel entered the States with a passport in the name of Andrew Cayotis, was arrested as Emil Goldfus, and identified himself as Colonel Abel upon arrest, taking the name of his recently deceased friend and comrade-in-arms, Latvian Rudolf Abel. With this name he was sentenced to 30 years in prison, in 1962 he was exchanged for the spy pilot Powers and with him he became known throughout the Soviet Union after the release of the film “Dead Season”. The fact that Abel is from Russian Germans and, in fact, Fischer, that he was born in England, that he worked abroad even before the war (he worked with the future academician Kapitsa), that during the Great Patriotic War he took part in radio games with the Germans - all this became known only recently, and information about his illegal activities is still not subject to disclosure.
Elena Kamburova was born on July 11, 1940... It is impossible not to recognize the original voice of this singer. Urban romances, ballads, serenades...
She is very jealous of her repertoire and chooses those songs where the music does not obscure, but only highlights the word. “I am a plowman,” says the singer, “And the field is strewn with weeds. Today is the time for the triumph of graphomaniacs. But I still plant some areas. It is very important that they do not become overgrown...”
In 1992, Elena Kamburova created the Moscow Theater of Music and Poetry, in which she united singers and artists close to her worldview... Today, People's Artist of Russia Elena Kamburova celebrates her birthday.
On July 11, 1984, director Yuri Lyubimov, who was in England on a business trip from the Ministry of Culture, was deprived of Soviet citizenship by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, signed by Konstantin Chernenko.
This did not happen suddenly, of course, although by that time the technology had been mastered: “release” it abroad, and then - bang! - and the door to the house closed. The trick worked especially well with those subjects who had no intention of leaving anywhere. The exiles probably experienced a rather complex range of emotions: from relief that repression did not break out inside the protected area, otherwise it could have resulted in something worse than forced emigration, to the despair of a person in front of whose nose the Iron Curtain fell with a bang, but everything important and what was dear to him remained there, inside. Maybe there was a feeling of freedom - the choice was not made by you, and they will burn with fire, in the end.
Surely Lyubimov more or less foresaw this outcome: the pressure on the Taganka Theater had clearly been growing since the early 80s, and Brezhnev, who somehow put up with the existence of the Taganka “island of freedom,” was no longer there.
Lyubimov, of course, was not threatened in the West by either starvation or professional disappearance: during the years of emigration, he not only staged several brilliant dramatic performances, but also became one of the most prominent opera directors. So in 1988, when vague calls from Moscow began with hints that maybe he could return, he was up to his neck. But nevertheless, having endured a short distance for the sake of importance, Yuri Petrovich, of course, returned to Moscow and, of course, immediately rushed to the theater. This is understandable: having created Taganka out of the blue, in 1963, the director gave her as much as not every mother manages to invest in her child.
Taganka, meanwhile, was in complete disarray: the warring factions of the theater regularly supplied food for gossip to Moscow around the theater, the old performances withered, and the new ones turned out to be quite bad. One can only wonder how an already middle-aged man, having gone through a split in the troupe, rehiring old actors and recruiting new ones, managed, if not to return the former deafening glory of the Taganka Theater, then at least to make it a living and completely viable organism.
Today, June 11, the world celebrates 2 official holidays - in the UN countries a holiday is celebrated - World Population Day, and in Russia, lighting designers or lighting operators celebrate their Day.
World Population Day
In the 60s of the 20th century, people noticed a rapid increase in the world population, which became a matter of serious concern for all countries that are members of the United Nations.
According to the UN, on July 11, 1987, the world's population was about 5 billion people. The day was conventionally called the Day of Five Billion. In 1989, the UN established an international holiday - World Population Day, which began to be celebrated annually on July 11. From 1960 to 1999, the world's population more than doubled, reaching 6 billion in October 1999.
Between 1969 and 1999, the population growth rate declined from 2 percent to 1.3 percent, but absolute growth now stands at almost 77 million per year, and developing countries account for 95 percent of this growth.
Light Artist Day
July 11 in Russia is a professional celebration - professionals of the highest class in creating lighting design for holidays and various special events, who come to our home with various holiday accessories, fireworks, music and songs. Professional artists or designers fill our holidays with light, thanks to which a unique atmosphere of comfort is created.
Day of the Lighting Artist (lighting operator) is still unofficial, established in honor of the historical event that occurred on July 11, 1874, when Alexander Lodygin (1847-1923), a Russian electrical engineer, received a patent for the invention of an incandescent lamp, recognized in many countries of Western Europe and India and Australia.
Unusual holidays
On this day, July 11, the whole world can celebrate a very unusual and very “delicious” holiday - World Chocolate Day.
World Chocolate Day
World Chocolate Day was invented and first celebrated by the French in 1995. And according to folk legends, the Aztecs were the first to make chocolate. They called it "food of the gods." The Spanish conquistadors brought this delicacy to Europe and dubbed it “black gold.” The product was used to strengthen endurance and physical strength. Later, chocolate began to be consumed in Europe only in aristocratic circles.
Prominent women of the world considered chocolate an aphrodisiac (a substance that stimulates or enhances sexual desire). It is known that Mother Teresa had a passion for chocolate; Pompadour believed that only chocolate could ignite the fire of passion.
The industrial production of chocolate at the beginning of the 20th century made it possible for not only the aristocracy, but also ordinary people to enjoy this delicacy.
Church holiday according to the folk calendar
Nettle spell
Peter's Day is celebrated on July 12, and on the eve of this holiday, young people had fun for a long time and did not go to bed until almost the morning. The boys and girls played, sang songs and danced in circles. It was believed that whoever on this day finds a flower - “Peter’s cross” and uproots it, will receive unprecedented luck in the near future. People believed that this root would relieve any misfortune and could lead to treasure.
The day of July 11 was called the Nettle Feast, because after this day, stinging nettle loses its healing properties. Therefore, the peasant women tried to have time to cook the last cabbage soup of the year from nettle leaves.
In ancient times, nettle was highly valued and considered very useful; soups, salads, fillings for pies were prepared from it, it was salted and fermented, and infusions and decoctions were made from the young leaves, which had restorative properties and could stop internal bleeding.
Girls used nettle decoction - it was believed that it strengthened and prevented hair loss.
Fiber was also obtained from nettles, which, after processing, was used to sew bags and strong sails, and sometimes clothes. The girl from Andersen's famous fairy tale sewed nettle shirts for her brothers.
Nettles in Rus' were attributed mystical properties. It was considered a talisman against the evil eye. For this purpose, nettle seeds were burned on coals and smoke was released throughout the house. Nettles were also hung on windows and doors to protect against evil spirits.
On the eve of Peter's day, leaves began to fall from the trees. People said they were starting to wait for autumn. Gardeners in some areas began to dig their first potatoes.
The people had such a sign on this day - it was believed that if the cuckoo stopped calling on this day, then winter would come early.
Name day July 11 from Vasily, Herman, Gregory, Ivan, Joseph, Xenophon, Paul, Sergei
July 11th in history
1985 - Playboy magazine published nude photographs of pop star Madonna.
1985 - The Kuzbass miners' strike began.
1987 - Matej Gašpar, the 5 billionth inhabitant of the Earth, was born in Zagreb (Yugoslavia).
1990 - Mintimer Shaimiev was elected President of Tatarstan.
1990 - All-Union political strike of miners.
1995 - The United States and Vietnam restored full diplomatic relations.
1997 - A customs agreement was signed between Chechnya and Russia.
1999 - Michael Schumacher crashed during the race.
2003 - From this day on, in France, instead of the generally accepted Anglicism e-mail, meaning electronic mail, the Canadian word courriel will be used. This decision was made by a state commission as part of the struggle for the purity of the language.
2008 - iPhone 3G went on sale in 22 countries.
2010 - The Spanish national football team won the FIFA World Cup for the first time in its history, defeating the Netherlands in the final.
Today, July 11, 2018, also celebrates World Chocolate Day, World Population Day, Light Artist Day and other events.
On July 11, 2018, the national holiday Nettle Spell is celebrated. The day was called “Nettle” because, according to legend, after July 11, nettles lose their healing properties, which they are imbued with from the moment of germination.
The holiday has its roots in ancient pre-Christian times, when the ancestors of the Eastern Slavs worshiped various gods and believed that animals, plants, water, and stones had miraculous powers. There are many references in history intkbbee about nettle as a medicinal and magical plant. It relieves hunger, increases health, gives beauty to girls, and drives away the evil spirits.
Today, people cook cabbage soup from nettles, make salads and stuffing for pies from it. Healing decoctions and infusions are prepared. A decoction of nettle leaves strengthens hair, makes it shiny and eliminates dandruff.
Young people dance in circles and sing songs. Folk festivities take place until the early morning.
According to signs, if the cuckoo is not heard on this day, then winter will be early and snowy.
World Chocolate Day
World Chocolate Day is celebrated on July 11, 2018. The holiday was first held in France in 1995. On this day, competitions, festivals, promotions and exhibitions of chocolate creations are held, preparations for which begin 3-5 months before the date of the holiday. Factories and factories for the production of sweets organize excursions and tastings. Anyone can try themselves as a chocolatier.
World Population Day
World Population Day is celebrated annually on July 11th. This date was approved in 1989, paragraph 21 of the Decision of the Governing Council of the United Nations Development Program No. 89/46. On this day in 1987, UN experts calculated that there were 5 billion people living on Earth. This date was called “5 Billion Day of Remembrance.” Concerns about the rapid rate of population growth and the search for solutions to demographic problems in the context of development programs led to the fact that the UNDP Governing Council established this holiday 2 years later.
Lighting Artist Day (Light Operator Day)
Light Artist Day is celebrated in Russia annually on July 11th. On July 11, 1874, electrical engineer and inventor A. Lodygin patented the incandescent light bulb he invented. It was this date that became Light Artist Day.
Vasily, German, Gregory, Ivan, Joseph, Pavel, Sergey.
- 1302 - The Battle of the Golden Spurs took place at Courtrai in Flanders.
- 1700 - The German Academy of Sciences is founded in Berlin.
- 1897 - the first attempt was made to explore the Arctic using a balloon.
- 1941 - the heroic defense of Kyiv began.
- 1974 - The famous Chinese Terracotta Army is found.
- 1998 - the grand opening of the World Youth Games took place in Moscow.
- Robert the Bruce 1274 - Scottish king.
- Olympia Mancini 1637 - French Countess de Soissons.
- John Quincy Adams 1767 - 6th President of the United States.
- Rudolf Abel 1903 - Soviet intelligence officer.
- Sergei Vernov 1910 - Soviet physicist.
- Yul Brynner 1920 - American actor.
- Giorgio Armani 1934 - Italian fashion designer.
- Elena Kamburova 1940 - Russian singer, actress.
- Vyacheslav Anisin 1951 - Russian and Soviet hockey player.
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