A crop that is well known to Russian summer residents, beans, is one of the ten most consumed products in the world. This unpretentious and productive crop can be grown in almost any climate and on soils of any composition. There are varieties and forms of it great amount. Below in the article we will look at what types of beans there are (with photos). Perhaps this will help some of the summer residents decide on the choice of a specific variety of this wonderful crop.
Main classification
Today, biologists know more than 250 types of beans, annual and perennial. They are classified primarily into two large groups:
- Phaseolus L (American).
- Vigna Savi (Asian).
The second variety of beans is distinguished by very long pods and small seeds. This crop is cultivated mainly only in Asia. IN European countries, Russia, South and North America, the most widespread bean is Phaseolus L. Its main distinctive feature are short pods and rather large beans with a characteristic “beak”.
Varieties according to bush shape
Currently, the following bean varieties can be grown in the world:
- weaving;
- curly;
- bush.
All these types of beans are quite popular among domestic summer residents. The main stem of climbing varieties can reach a length of five meters. Climbing beans are slightly shorter. Its vines grow to no more than 2 m per season. Bush varieties are quite compact plants. Their height usually does not exceed 30-60 cm. This variety, in turn, can be strongly or weakly bushy.
Types by features of use
In the gardens of Russian summer residents, you can most often see ordinary shelled beans. It is grown exclusively for beans. However, in Lately In our country, varieties of this crop cultivated to produce green, juicy blades are becoming increasingly popular. There are the following types of beans in this group:
- asparagus (pod) sugar;
- semi-sugar.
The pods of the first variety of beans completely lack a reinforcing dense parchment layer on the inside. That is, they do not contain hard fibrous tissue, the presence of which is typical for all peeling varieties. These blades can be fried, stewed or boiled. They are also eaten raw or in summer salads.
The slight asparagus flavor is what distinguishes green beans. Its types, like shelling, are varied (curly, bushy, climbing). But they are all thanks to this unusual taste are called asparagus.
Half-sugar beans are very similar to green beans. At the very beginning of growth, its shoulder blades are also completely devoid of a hard fibrous parchment layer, and therefore can be eaten. The only difference between this variety and the sugar variety is that as it ripens, a parchment layer still appears in its blades. Therefore, it is impossible to delay the harvest of such beans. Rough pods on the floor sugar varieties you can, however, simply leave it on the vines until the beans are mature.
Decorative form
Different types of green beans and shelling beans produce very tasty blades and beans. However, in the gardens of Russian summer residents, another very interesting shape This culture is decorative. Flowering varieties of beans are most often used to decorate various kinds of vertical surfaces in courtyards and gardens. It is customary to plant decorative varieties near hedges, gazebos, terraces, next to fountains, etc. There are two main types of such beans:
- multi-flowered;
- garden
All varieties of decorative beans have one very interesting feature: the shade of the buds of this plant always matches the color of its fruits.
Varieties by type of beans
Bean seeds can have the most different shapes, sizes and colors. The number of beans in one pod can also vary - from three to seven. In temperate latitudes of Europe and Russia, unpretentious varieties with white seeds are most often grown. Farmers in South America and Asia prefer to cultivate dark beans.
Based on the size of the beans, this crop can be classified into three main groups:
- small-seeded (1 thousand beans weigh no more than 200 g);
- medium seed (200-400 g);
- large-seeded (more than 400 g).
Different types of beans may have white, black or red beans. There are also varieties with variegated seeds. The amount and ratio of substances beneficial to the body in beans of different colors may differ.
White beans
Beans of this color are characterized primarily by the fact that they do not contain too much protein (7 g per 100 g). Therefore, people suffering from diabetes should definitely try to grow such beans. excess weight. It is also beneficial for older citizens to eat white beans.
Among other things, the seeds of such beans contain a lot of iron. Therefore, eating them helps strengthen the cardiovascular system and overall health of the body. It is best to cook beans of this color in combination with vegetables containing a large number of vitamin C.
Types of white beans, like any other, come in different varieties. If desired, you can purchase bush, climbing or climbing seeds.
The best varieties with white beans
Almost all varieties of beans are grown using the same technology. The yield of this garden crop depends, to a large extent, only on the selected variety and the amount of time devoted to plants during the warm season. White beans are especially popular among summer residents. Accordingly, many varieties have been bred. The most popular include:
- "Black eye". The fruits of this bean are very small in size. The variety is so called because its white seeds always have a small black dot. The skin of these beans is very thin, and therefore they cook quickly and do not even require soaking.
- "Chali." This variety produces fairly large seeds, which are used mainly only for preparing main dishes. The consistency of chali beans is very dense. Therefore, they can be safely boiled first and then fried.
- "Nevi." This pea beans It is valued for containing large amounts of iron and fiber and having a very beneficial effect on the human body.
Red beans
The types and varieties of this crop also need to be considered. Beans of this color are no less popular among domestic housewives than white ones. Red beans contain a fairly large amount of protein - 8 g per 100 g.
The main advantage of beans of this color is that they contain a huge amount of antioxidants. According to this indicator, red beans are even ahead of currants. Actually, antioxidants are special substances that protect the human body from harmful radionuclides and slow down the aging process. It is thanks to their presence that red beans are considered one of the most useful crops of all grown by summer residents. There are different types of it. Both regular and Asian beans can have this color. There are bush and climbing varieties with red seeds. Seeds of decorative bean shapes may also have this color.
The best varieties with red beans
A variety of beans with such seeds can also be seen quite often in the suburban areas of Russian summer residents. The best red peeling varieties in our country are:
- "Skorospelka." The beans of this bean ripen within 55-60 days after planting. Their main distinguishing features are: long, beautiful and neat shape, pleasant pink-red color.
- "Tomato". This variety of red beans is great for canning and preparing traditional Georgian dishes. Its fruits are brown, oblong and slightly flattened.
- "Tashkent". This fairly heat-loving variety is grown mainly in southern regions Russia. However, when using the seedling method, you can get good yields in the middle zone of the country. The beans of this variety are quite large.
Black beans
This variety is also grown by domestic summer residents, but much less often white and red. However, this does not mean that black beans are less healthy. It contains, for example, more protein than white and red (9 g). And therefore, if necessary, it can even become an excellent meat substitute. Moreover, black bean proteins are similar in their characteristics to animal protein.
The benefits of seeds of this color, among other things, include the fact that eating them helps normalize the chemical balance in the stomach.
The best varieties of black beans
Since this variety is not very readily grown by Russian gardeners, and there are not so many varieties of it. The best available are:
- "Kidney." The beans of this bean are kidney-shaped and black (slightly reddish) in color. After cooking, the skin of the seeds of this variety becomes very thin. At the same time, the color of the beans itself changes. Boiled seeds acquire a delicate pink tint.
- "Preto." The seeds of this variety have a rich black color and a white scar. The inside of the beans is creamy. The main distinguishing feature of this bean is its light berry aroma. The taste of "preto" beans is also original - sweetish with bitterness. These beans should be cooked for a long time, at least 90 minutes, with preliminary soaking.
Different types, like white or red, can be climbing, weaving, or bushy. These beans are usually eaten as side dishes. But very often they are also added to hot first courses. Black beans can make the taste of soups and borscht much more pleasant and rich.
What are the varieties and types of green beans?
This form, as already mentioned, is not yet very popular among domestic summer residents. However, green beans can be seen more and more often in Russian gardens lately. There are also many varieties of this variety. Gardeners will most likely find the following suitable:
- "Butter King" The pods of this early, high-yielding variety are honey-yellow in color and completely fiberless. The taste, judging by the reviews of summer residents, is simply excellent.
- "Saxa". This early ripening bush variety is also very popular among gardeners. Its pods are green, slightly curved. The height of the saxa bean stalk does not exceed 40 cm.
The varieties discussed above are bush varieties. But there are also very popular types green beans curly. These include:
- "Golden Nectar" The blades of this early variety ripen on the 70th day after planting. They are yellow in color. The length of one pod can reach 25 cm. The mass of the lashes of this bean is quite large. Therefore, it is recommended to support them with something.
- "Purple Queen" This is an unusually interesting variety, the pods of which have a rich purple color. The main advantage of the “purple queen” is its high yield, as well as the excellent taste of the blades.
- "Winner". During the flowering period, these beans are sometimes even confused with decorative ones. The pods of the “winner” variety are flat and very long (up to 30 cm). Since these beans are whimsical, only experienced gardeners should grow them.
Asparagus species and varieties of which are quite diverse are cultivated, using approximately the same technology as conventional shelling. The only thing is that at the stage of growth of the shoulder blades, it needs more thorough watering.
Varieties of Asian beans
In its biological characteristics, it is similar to ordinary beans grown in America, Europe and Russia. The only difference is that its pods are longer and juicier. The most popular types of Asian beans are:
- "Mash." This variety is traditionally cultivated in Pakistan and India. Its distinctive feature is that its beans are very similar to green peas.
- "Azuki." This fruitful bean is native to the Himalayas. Adzuki is grown throughout Southeast Asia and Japan. The beans of this variety are distinguished by a beautiful dark red hue.
- "Urd." The beans of this bean are somewhat similar to mung bean seeds, but are black in color. This variety is very ancient. It was grown 4000 years ago. Currently, such beans are cultivated in India, China, Japan and many other countries in the Asian region.
- "Snake peas." This is a very popular variety in Asia and produces very long pods.
The best varieties of Asian beans
Of course, breeders also paid attention to cowpea as a very popular variety. The best varieties of such beans are:
- "Macaretti". This variety is distinguished by very powerful lashes. The length of its pods in some cases reaches 35 cm. The advantages of the variety, among other things, include unpretentiousness. Macaretti blades ripen approximately 63-65 days after planting.
- "Liana." This green bean forms shoots up to 3 m long, and therefore needs support. Its blades can be eaten both raw and heat-treated.
In addition to these two varieties, quite popular are Chinese species"siji kon 28/2 kontou" and "groik". These two hybrids produce shoots no longer than 1.5 m and therefore do not require support. Bushy varieties of Asian beans "gasson" and "u-tya-kontou" have also proven themselves well among gardeners. The height of these hybrids does not exceed 0.7-0.8 m, and the pods have a parchment layer. Therefore, they are grown exclusively for beans.
More than two hundred and fifty types of beans are known - the plants differ in both their lifespan and external characteristics. Many varieties of this vegetable crop– all of them are of great economic importance.
Beans: types and varieties
American and Asian species have become widespread. The former have long flat beans, while the latter form cylindrical, small-sized blades. The most commonly grown varieties are the American variety of beans.
The shape of the plants differs - they can be:
- bush (45-50 cm in height);
- semi-climbing (stem length - up to 2 m);
- climbing (plant length reaches 5 m).
Varieties with beans have been developed different sizes(5-15 cm) and with different amounts seeds The color of the bean leaves differs - they can be yellow, green, or brown. The seeds are white, cream, greenish, red, brown, black. The color of the grains can be monochromatic or variegated.
The size of the seeds also varies. Beans are:
- small-seeded;
- medium seed;
- large-seeded.
According to the taste and structure of the beans, plants can be divided into:
- semi-sugar;
- sugar or asparagus;
- grains (husking).
The main difference is the absence of a waxy layer on the wings in sugar varieties. In grain varieties it is present, but in semi-sugar varieties it appears late or is weakly expressed. Many sugar varieties do not have hard fibers on the bean shells, which is a big plus.
Bean varieties by ripening time
Early and mid-early bean varieties produce a harvest 65-75 days after germination, mid-season and mid-late varieties - after 75-100 days. For maturation late varieties takes over 100 days.
Representatives of early and mid-early varieties:
Golden nectar
Flat long
Belozernaya 361
Saxa 615
Homestead
Shahinya
Caramel
Variety Caramel: description of beans
This bush variety of sugar bean produces long beans. They are devoid of hard fibers. The seeds have a sweet taste. The variety has good resistance to major diseases of legumes.
Average beans in terms of ripening are represented by the following varieties:
Bush without fiber B-85
Moscow white
Green-green B-556
Golden Mountain B-632
Wide-shafted 92
Pation
Motol white
Yubileinaya 287
Fire red
Purple
Winner
Description of the variety Pobeditel
The Pobeditel variety belongs to the category of climbing plants. This bean is very decorative and is often used as a hedge. Productivity is high. The beans are flat, long (up to 30 cm). The seeds have a pleasant taste.
Late and mid-late bean varieties:
Handsome Yas
Blue Hilda
Queen Neckar
Green beans: varieties
Unlike grain varieties, this type of bean is consumed together with leaves that are devoid of a waxy coating (without waiting for full ripening). The color, shape and size of the beans differ. The best varieties green beans:
Royal purple pod
Deer King
Gina asparagus
Fana
Panther
Indiana
Pencil Pod
Purple Queen
Olga
Paloma scuba
Bergold
Description of the Panther bean variety
This bush bean variety produces good yields. Ripening period is medium late. The plant produces long yellow pods. There are white sweet seeds inside.
Climbing beans: varieties
Climbing bean varieties have certain advantages, they are:
- unpretentious;
— grow quickly, entwining vertical surfaces;
— they decorate the site (not only foliage and flowers look beautiful, but also pods of different colors and shapes);
- produce a harvest of healthy beans.
The most famous varieties:
Violet
Purple Queen
Gerda
Lambada
Golden nectar
Mauritanian
Fatima
Winner
Golden neck
Turk
Description of the climbing bean variety Purple Queen
The variety is characterized by good productivity. Ripening period is average. The beans are quite long (about 15 cm). They are painted dark purple. The seeds are glossy, purple. The beans have a delicious taste. The variety is resistant to diseases and low temperatures.
Bush beans: varieties
Bush bean varieties are most widespread. This category includes:
Deer King
Fana
Royal purple pod
Caramel
Butter King
Indiana
Variety Oil King: description of bush beans
This bush variety has early dates maturation. The height of the stems does not exceed 25 cm. The leaves of the beans are painted yellow. The taste of beans of this variety is delicious; the beans are devoid of a waxy layer and hard fibers.
Red beans: varieties
Red beans contain toxic substances that are destroyed after cooking (the beans should be cooked for at least 10 minutes). The most popular varieties:
Skorospelka
Tashkent
Medium red
Tomato
Azuki
Ethiopian
Kidney
White beans: varieties
White beans are the most popular in our country. The most productive varieties with good taste characteristics:
Chali
Black eye (there is a black dot on the white seed)
Navy
White flat
Lotus
White mares
Belozerka
Black beans: varieties
Black bean varieties are presented in a slightly smaller assortment. The most famous:
Kidney variety (characteristic features: bready aroma and slight bitterness against the general background of sweetness)
Preto (characteristics: berry aroma and sweet taste with a slight hint of bitterness)
Grain beans: varieties
The most interesting varieties grain (shelling) beans:
Chocolate girl
Ballad
Housewife's dream
Ruby
Golden
Gribovskaya-92
All varieties of shelled beans are used to obtain grain - the shells have a hard waxy layer.
Varieties of large beans
Large beans are available in many varieties. The most popular are:
Baby Lima (these beans have a creamy taste)
Anniversary
Moscow white
Gardener (climbing beans with large beans)
Polar Star (very productive variety with large beans)
Pink (beans with large beans, marbled color)
Varieties for Siberia are also suitable for growing in non-chernozem zones and on Far East. This category includes:
Sugar variety Green-pod-517
Semi-sugar variety Moscow white green-pod-556
Bush peeling variety Early ripening
Severnaya Zvezda 690 (bush hulling variety)
Semi-sugar variety Gribovskaya-92
Triumph Sugar 764 (sugar bush variety)
Siberian size (climbing bean, plant height - about a meter)
Yunnan
Saxa without fiber-615
Generous
In warm southern regions the following varieties are grown:
Yubileinaya-287
Rachelle
Creole
Antoshka
Firefly
Lika
Ol-tyn
The best varieties of beans for central Russia:
Fantasy
Sakfit
Welt
Martin
Contender
Borlotto
Description of the bean variety Swallow
Swallow is one of the most popular shelled bean varieties. The average size beans - 12-15 cm. Ripening period is average. The white grains are decorated with a pattern in the form of a swallow outline (this is where the name of the variety comes from). The variety is unpretentious and high-yielding. The grains have excellent taste characteristics.
Bean varieties offer a variety of varieties - you can choose plants that ideally meet all the necessary requirements.
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Legumes are an extremely healthy, filling and tasty product. Due to their high protein content, dishes made from them do not leave the table during fasting or dieting. It is especially loved, which is grown in various types. And red beans remain one of the most beloved in many cultures.
What are the benefits of red beans?
Red beans, unlike, are valued, first of all, not only for high content highly digestible protein, but also for its considerable vitamin content. It is especially rich in B vitamins, in particular B6, B1b, B2. Beans are rich in fiber. Speaking about the differences between white and red beans, one cannot fail to mention the content of trace elements (potassium, copper and zinc) in the latter. Thanks to this, red beans have a beneficial effect on the cardiovascular and urinary systems. True, it is believed that this type of legume has high toxicity, which is eliminated by cooking at high temperature. It is not surprising that with such “advantages”, a considerable number of owners of summer cottages and gardens want to grow red beans.
Varieties of red beans
When we talk about red beans, we do not mean just one variety of this representative. In fact, there are quite a few of them, and each variety has its own disadvantages and advantages:
The varieties described above are leguminous representatives of the agricultural crop. Interestingly, bright climbing fiery red beans are often found in landscape design. This is an annual plant, which is valued, first of all, for its decorative value: on a branched stem, like a vine, with complex leaves, scarlet brushes of 8-15 flowers bloom from June to September.
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