A child inherits one of the parents at birth. Knowing the group affiliation and the Rh factor, you can determine which group and Rh the future baby will have. Young parents should know in what cases a Rh-conflict situation occurs and what consequences this can lead to.
Every person inherits a certain blood type at birth. Antigens are present in the formed elements and blood plasma, thanks to this immuno-genetic trait, 4 blood groups are determined.
In the AB0 system, several combinations or blood groups are distinguished:
- I(0). The blood does not contain antigens, but anti-A and anti-B antibodies are present.
- II (A). Antigen A and antibodies to agglutinogen B are present.
- III (B). Contains antigen B and antibodies to agglutinogen A.
- IV (AB). Antibodies are absent, but both A and B antigens are present.
The separation of blood is based on the agglutination reaction. The inheritance of the blood group occurs according to the laws of genetics. The maternal and paternal chromosomes give a certain set of genes, as a result of which inheritance is determined by genes - A, B, 0.
On the surface is an antigen or protein, which is called. In the presence of this protein in the blood, a positive Rh is determined, and in its absence, a negative one. Most people are Rh positive and only 15% are Rh negative.
The inheritance of the Rh factor occurs on a dominant basis.
If both parents do not have an antigen in their blood, then the child will have a negative Rh. If one of the parents has a positive Rh factor and the other is negative, then the child may be a carrier of the antigen.
With a positive Rh in both parents, the baby is more likely to have a positive affiliation. However, there are cases when a child inherits a negative group, i.e. another gene can pass to it from a blood relative.
Blood type of parents and children
The transfer of a blood group to a child is carried out according to the common genotype of the parents. In the 19th century, the famous geneticist Gregor Mendel formulated the laws according to which the blood type of a child is inherited.
Table of the probability of a blood type in a child
To find out who the future parents are waiting for - a boy or a girl, there is a certain combination. However, it does not give exact guarantees of the birth of a girl or a boy.
The girl will be with her parents if the mother has the I blood group, and the father is the carrier of the I or II group. A woman with group III, and a man with group I can also expect a girl.
A boy will be born if the mother has I blood group, and the father is a carrier of group II or IV. With a greater degree of probability, a boy can be expected with a combination of maternal group III and any paternal blood group.
According to this method, during the life of a married couple, only girls or boys can be.
However, according to the laws of genetics, the probability of having a boy or a girl depends on the chromosome set of the sperm that fertilized the egg.
Causes and consequences of the Rhesus conflict
Negative Rh does not affect a person in any way. But Rh-negative pregnant women need special attention.
Future parents when planning a pregnancy must know their Rhesus. With a negative Rh in the mother and a positive in the father, it may occur. This situation can only arise when the baby has inherited the father's Rh. The compatibility of mother and child in this case is poor. Through the placental barrier, the Rh factor of the child enters the mother and protective ones are produced in her body. Against this background, the mother's body perceives the fetus as something alien.
If the Rh-conflict situation is severe, then this can provoke intrauterine fetal death or lead to miscarriage.
Mother's antibodies, penetrating the placenta, destroy the child. As a result, a large amount is present in the blood, which stains the skin yellow. and accelerate the production of red blood cells, which are continuously destroyed. At the same time, these organs increase in size. They do not cope with the task, and as a result, anemia develops against the background of a low content of red blood cells.
In addition, the Rh-conflict situation can lead to impaired brain activity, speech and hearing functions.At birth, in more severe cases, the newborn is given a blood transfusion and the first negative group is administered. After that, resuscitation measures are carried out. Such an event must be held within 36 hours of birth.
Useful video - Blood groups and Rh factor:
To avoid such problems, it is necessary to pass tests for the group and the Rh factor for both partners. An Rh-negative woman can also have children, but should have regular blood tests for antibodies. According to their level, the doctor can guess what kind of Rh the child has and whether there is a Rh-conflict situation.
The subject of special pride of the pope, along with the discovery of a small copy of his own nose in the baby, is the presence of a similar blood type in the newborn. Perhaps he hopes in vain, and she will be her mother? What determines the child's blood type, which is indicated by symbols that are not entirely clear? We will consider all these questions in this article and below you will be able to calculate your child's blood type using a special table.
A bit of history
The future winner of the prestigious Nobel Prize, the Austrian researcher Karl Landsteiner, conducted an interesting experiment. Taking blood from several of his associates, including himself, he divided it into a liquid component, serum, and red bodies - erythrocytes. Mixing six samples in different versions, the scientist found that in the serum some red blood cells are distributed evenly, while others stick together and then settle to the bottom. During the experiments, scientists identified three different types of human blood, which they designated with the letters A, B and O. The fourth, discovered six years later by Dr. Y. Jansky, most likely was simply absent from the participants in the experiment.
The Czech researcher proposed to designate blood groups in a different way, in Roman numerals, and in 1928 the symbolism was adopted, which is still used today - 0 (I), A (II), B (III) and AB (IV). It has been proven that not all donated blood is suitable for the patient when a transfusion is required, but only the appropriate group. In honor of Landsteiner's greatest discovery, which helped save the lives of millions of people, International Blood Donor Day is celebrated on his birthday, June 14th.
What is the blood
The division of blood into groups is based on the presence of specific antigens of erythrocytes A and B and is as follows:
- I (0) - no antigens in the blood;
- II (A) - the presence of only antigen A;
- III (AB) - the presence of antigen B;
- IV (AB) - on the surface of the erythrocyte there are both, A and B.
Antigens are reliable guards of the body, located on the surface of red blood cells. When a virus invades, they instantly begin to actively produce antibodies that reliably adhere to it and immobilize it.
What determines the blood type of a child
Timely determination of the child's blood type is extremely important. After all, if necessary, its transfusion can be done only by a similar type of life-giving moisture. This is extremely important for young children, which is why blood is taken for analysis already in the hospital. To determine what the blood type of the child will be, curious parents can even before the birth of the crumbs. Many years of research by geneticists have proven that this indicator, like many other traits, is inherited from mom and dad. Gregor Mendel, considered the founder of genetics and famous for his experiments with peas, formulated the laws in the mid-19th century according to which a child's blood type inherits the parameters of the parent (you can clearly see this in a special table of the child's blood type). Briefly, it looks like this:
- dad and mom have the same blood group I (0) - antigens A and B will be absent from the heirs;
- parents have a combination of groups I (0) and II (A), or I (0) and III (AB) - the child's blood group is similar to the parent;
- for spouses IV (AB) - options are possible, the child's blood type is any, except for I (0);
- if the baby's parents have II (A) and III (AB) - it is quite difficult to predict, any blood group is equally possible in children.
Child's blood group table
Interesting! Owners of I (0) are considered hunters and meat-eaters, II (A) - farmers, vegetarians and lovers of various berries, the third blood type among nomads and bread lovers, but the owners of IV (AB) are quite capable of becoming vampires for their unique omnivorousness and compatibility.
Rh factor and blood type of the child
On the membranes of erythrocytes in the vast majority of the world's population is lipoprotein, a special protein, this is the mysterious Rh factor, which is denoted by the Latin letters Rh. Its presence is confirmed in approximately 85% of the world's population, therefore their blood is called Rh-positive. In the absence of protein, which is why the blood does not get better or worse, they say that a person has a negative Rh. The letters Rh are used with the signs "+" or "-". If the potential parents of the baby do not have protein, then the long-awaited child will not have it, no matter what the child’s blood type is.
The presence of +Rh in both parents guarantees its appearance in the heirs in 4/5 of all cases, although 1/5 remains for the possible option of their having -Rh. But if the father of the baby has -Rh, and the mother has +Rh, or vice versa, then the crumbs are likely to have both the presence and absence of lipoprotein. Thus, the Rh factor, as well as the child's blood type, depends on the heredity factor.
Compatibility of potential parents by blood
When creating a family and dreaming of a first child, future parents sometimes do not know that the success of conception, the health of the future baby and the well-being of the pregnancy period directly depend on their compatibility in terms of blood group and Rh factor. Ideally, the same Rh is desired, regardless of the presence or absence of protein. With different types of Rh factor, ambiguous scenarios are possible:
1. Mom has +RH, dad -RH. In this case, sometimes you have to wait quite a long time for the desired pregnancy to occur, and after that you also have to be prepared for possible difficulties. Often, in order to carry a child, a mother needs to stay in the hospital for a long time, and the Rh factor and blood type inherited from the father of the child can cause health problems for the baby.
2. Negative RH in the mother and positive in the father, which will be discussed in detail below, can sometimes lead to fetal death and miscarriage.
Rhesus conflict
Most trouble happens if mom has -Rh and dad has +Rh. In 75% of cases, the fetus will have a paternally positive Rh factor, which will cause active resistance of the maternal immune system. Perceiving the baby's red blood cells as foreign, she will seek to destroy them with actively produced antibodies. In turn, the child's body, losing red blood cells, produces new ones, while the spleen and liver increase significantly. Gradually, oxygen starvation occurs, brain damage, even the death of an unborn baby is possible. When waiting for the first child, the real danger is not so great, the Rhesus conflict that carries serious troubles may not arise, but with each subsequent pregnancy the risk increases.
In this situation, the expectant mother should be under the constant supervision of doctors. In the antenatal clinic, she will have to constantly donate blood for the amount of antibodies hostile to the baby's red blood cells. Immediately after birth, the child's blood type and Rh factor are determined. If the baby has + Rh, then the mother is urgently injected with anti-Rh immunoglobulin, which will avoid trouble if she wants to give birth to another child. The same is done if the first pregnancy ended in a miscarriage or artificial interruption. Doctors began to use this innovative method only at the end of the last century.
Blood type - is incompatibility possible?
Not only the Rh factor plays a decisive role in successful conception and the birth of a strong baby. No less important is the compatibility of future parents by blood group, as the table below convincingly demonstrates. It allows you to see that a conflict can arise in the following cases:
- I (0) and a negative Rh factor in the mother determine the possibility of a conflict with the proteins of the second group A, the third group B and positive Rh;
- II (A) with a negative RH - a conflict is possible with proteins of a positive Rh, the third and fourth groups B;
- III (AB) and Rh negative can conflict with the proteins of the fourth group A, the second group A and the positive Rh protein;
- IV (AB) - the most non-conflict group, troubles can arise only with -RH for mom and +RH for dad.
If the mother, for example, has I (0), and the child's blood type is inherited from the father and differs from the mother's, the pregnant woman's body will begin to produce antibodies against it - antiA and antiB. An indispensable blood test becomes clear at the first visit to the antenatal clinic. Indeed, in this case, it is possible to determine in advance the presence of immune antibodies in a mother with the first group and prevent the possible development of hemolytic disease in a newborn baby by blood type.
Attention! If there is a suspicion of developing hemolytic disease, do not shy away from regular blood tests for antibody levels! The optimal time for normal delivery in this case is 35-37 weeks.
Many experts are convinced that if the father's blood type is higher than the mother's, the baby will be born strong and healthy. Conflicts due to incompatibility with each other in terms of blood group do not happen so rarely, but they are not as dangerous and global as with incompatibility by Rh-affiliation. Timely examinations, regular visits to the antenatal clinic and the obedient implementation of all the doctor's recommendations will allow you to safely conceive, endure and give birth to a healthy baby.
Knowing even the simplest genetics from the school curriculum, in most cases we can determine the color of the eyes, hair and inheritance of some diseases of our unborn child. This science helps us with the determination of his possible blood type. How to find out the blood type and Rh factor of a child by parents, we will consider in the article.
At the beginning of the 20th century, Karl Landsteiner proved the presence of specific gluing proteins in the blood - antibodies and antigens. Agglutinogens A and B were found by scientists on erythrocytes, and agglutinins α and β in plasma. Due to the presence or absence of these proteins, Landsteiner and Jansky created a classification of blood groups that is used to this day. The system is called AB0, according to which the blood is divided into four groups. Subsequently, it was found that gluing proteins occur in different variations. In addition, in the blood of 85% of people there is an antigen Rh factor (Rh +), which is also inherited.
How to determine the blood type of a child by parents: Mendel's law in the table
Blood types are inherited, and the laws of Gregor Mendel help determine their possible variants. They are determined by gene I, namely a series of multiple factors (alleles) of this gene Iᴬ, Iᴮ, iᴼ.
- The first two alleles are codominant with respect to each other (only if they are present together, the 4th blood group is formed - AB) and both are dominant (suppress the second allele) in relation to the third.
- When both dominant factors are absent in the blood, the 00 genotype is formed - this is group I.
- If factors A and 0 (AA, A0) meet, the person will have II blood group.
- In the presence of allelic genes B and 0, group III is formed.
Two allelic genes are responsible for the transmission of traits. During meiosis (a type of division that results in the formation of sex cells), these signs are separated. Only one of them will be passed through the sex cell from parent to offspring. The child will receive the paired allelic gene from the second parent. Based on the laws of genetics, it is possible to trace their probable combinations in descendants with known blood types of the parents.
Mendel table
| Parents' blood groups | Possible blood type of the child (probability, %) | |||
| I+I | I (100%) | - | - | - |
| I+II | I (50%) | II (50%) | - | - |
| I+III | I (50%) | - | III(50%) | - |
| I+IV | - | II (50%) | III (50%) | - |
| II + II | I (25%) | II (75%) | - | - |
| II+III | I (25%) | II (25%) | III (25%) | IV (25%) |
| II+IV | - | II (50%) | III (25%) | IV (25%) |
| III+III | I (25%) | - | III (75%) | - |
| III+IV | - | II (25%) | III (50%) | IV (25%) |
| IV+IV | - | II (25%) | III (25%) | IV (50%) |
How to determine the blood type of a child by the parents according to the Mendel table?
- You can be sure of the birth of a child with a certain blood type only if both parents have group I. In all other combinations, there are two to four inheritance patterns.
- If parents have I (00) and II (AA, A0) groups, then there will also be only two inheritance options. A baby can be born with the following alleys - A0 or 00, that is, with the first or second blood groups, as in the men and women who conceived him.
- In the case when the mother and father of groups I and III, they will have a baby with the same group as one of them.
- Most options are given by a combination of II and III parental blood groups. They can have children with any blood type.
- If the mother and father have IV groups, children can be born with all but the first blood groups. IV (AB) and IV (AB) = AA, BB, AB.
Why can there be a different blood type of parents and a child?
If this happens, do not rush to immediately accuse your wife of cheating and look askance towards your neighbor. Let's go back to genetics. Since this trait is determined not by one allelic gene, but by two, each of which is inherited independently of each other, parents and children may have different blood types. For example, if one of the parents has group I (00), and the second has group IV (AB), then the child can receive from them the following combinations of genes - A0 - the second group and B0 - the third group. The probability of the birth of a child with the blood type of one of the parents in this case is completely excluded.
How to determine the Rh factor of a child by parents?
Relatively recently, it became known that the Rh factor includes many antigens. But the most active of them is the D antigen, which determines the presence of the Rh protein. Its suppressed (recessive) allele (d) in the genotype means the absence of this factor in erythrocytes.
- If the blood of both parents is Rh-negative (dd), then the child will also lack this antigen. In other cases, you can find out about the possible inheritance of this trait by conducting genetic parents, the fetus, or by tracing its manifestations in the genus of generations of ancestors.
- Even if both parents are heterozygous for this trait (Dd), that is, they are Rh-positive, but carry recessive alleles, then there is a 25% chance of having a child with Rh-negative blood. And in the case when there is only one of the four dominant genes Dd and dd, then the possibility of having a Rh-positive baby becomes even less.
Knowing your own blood type and the sign of its Rh factor does not always provide comprehensive information about the possibility of transmitting signs to children. With the development of genetics, it became possible to learn about the future of offspring even before their conception or birth. Only with the help of genetic analysis can many undesirable results, such as hereditary diseases, be avoided.
Nowadays, progress in the medical industry allows future parents to find out the sex of the child long before his birth, and the date of birth, and even the future blood type. Diagnostic systems allow you to learn about the development of the fetus, which is important for moms and dads. So, how to determine the possible blood type of the baby?
The method of dividing into blood groups
Antigens are substances by which it is customary to determine the blood group. They are proteins that make up erythrocytes (red blood cells). Even Karl Landsteiner, a scientist from Austria, divided red blood cells into two categories depending on their composition, that is, the presence of certain antigens. The first contains group A antigens, the second contains group B antigens. The scientist identified a separate group of red blood cells that do not contain antigens at all. The third group was labeled 0 (zero). Over time, the followers of Karl Landsteiner discovered a fourth group, which contained both A antigens and B antigens. It became the conclusion in the classification of blood groups.
So, based on the research of Karl Landsteiner, the AB0 system was created. Physicians still use this system.
She divides the blood of people into four groups in this way:
- the first group does not contain antigens A and B;
- the second group - carriers of antigens A;
- the third group - carriers of antigens B;
- the fourth group - carriers of antigens A and B.
By the way, the Austrian scientist combined different antigens with each other. The result of such compounds was the conclusion that not all antigens are compatible with each other. Moreover, certain combinations are a deadly threat to the carriers of a certain group. Karl Landsteiner's research was a progressive step towards conducting blood transfusions. This, in turn, made it possible to avoid not only the loss of blood, but also the lives of people. Nowadays, patients who are in dire need of donor blood are infused mainly with the blood of their own group.
How does a child inherit blood type from parents?
You should know that throughout a person's life, his blood type does not change.
A newborn inherits a blood type from his father and mother in such a way that he receives 1 antigen from both. Understanding this scheme makes it possible to predict possible combinations of antigens in the blood of an unborn child.
Antigens in blood groups are in pairs (1 each from father and mother). These are the combinations:
- the first group is 00;
- the second group - A0 or AA;
- the third group - B0 or BB;
- the fourth group is BA or AB.
When combining different blood groups, you can calculate the probable combination of antigens in the blood of the unborn child and his blood type. For example, if both parents have the fourth blood group, then their future baby may contain the following combinations of antigens: BB, AA, AB. He can have the second, third and fourth blood groups. But the first group is, in principle, impossible for him, since these genes have nowhere to come from. It should be noted that there are exceptions to this rule: very rarely, children are born with an impossible combination of antigens - this is called a mutation.
The axiom of the inheritance of a blood type by a child is called Mendel's law.
According to him, the following options for combining blood types of parents and their results are possible:
- first group + first = first group;
- second group + second = first or second;
- third group + third = first or third;
- fourth group + fourth = second, third or fourth;
- first group + second = first or second;
- first group + third = first or third;
- second group + third = first, second, third, fourth;
- first group + fourth = second or third;
- second group + fourth = second, third or fourth;
- third group + fourth = second third, fourth.
So, the blood type of the child depends on the blood types of the parents, and this characteristic is predicted.
Specially for Elena TOLOCHIK
During pregnancy, a woman's body undergoes a global restructuring. With the help of genetics, by the calculated blood group (GK), it is possible to predict the sex of the child, his character, etc. The Rh factor is also determined. The table helps to calculate the blood group. This is important, because when HA is incompatible, erythrocytes stick together, and this can even lead to death.
Blood types: a quick reference
A blood group is a set of red blood cells (their properties), which is characteristic of certain people. The discovery was made by the Austrian scientist K. Landsteiner in 1900. In 1930 he received the Nobel Prize for the classification of blood groups. The scientist took samples from different people and noticed that in some cases, erythrocytes stick together and mini-clots form.
Continuing to study the red bodies, Landsteiner found that they have special features. When the parent cells merge, the information is combined into one DNA, where each gene has a pair of features. Some of them are dominant (suppressive), others are recessive (very weak). Landsteiner divided them into two categories - A and B, and the third included cells in which there were no such markers. As a result, the AB0 system for determining blood groups was created. It includes 4 types:
The AB0 system has helped save many lives, and geneticists have proven that there are principles for the inheritance of blood types. This law was named after its author, Mendel.
Definition, inheritance and risks of the Rh factor
Simultaneously with the blood group, the Rh factor (R-F) is determined. It is a lipoprotein (protein) that is found on the erythrocyte membranes. It is present in 85 percent of people. If the protein is present, then the Rh factor is positive (DD (dominant)), if not, it is negative (Dd (recessive)).
R-F is taken into account only during blood transfusion (since different ones cannot be mixed), before preparing for pregnancy or during it (to prevent fetal rejection). Usually, if the parents have the same Rh, then the baby is most likely to be the same.
In any case, the Rh factor does not change until the end of life and does not affect the predisposition to diseases or health in general. However, there are exceptions when there is a conflict of the Rh factor due to a mismatch of the poles.
This poses a risk to both mother and child. If the woman in labor has Rhesus “-”, and the baby has “+”, then this creates a threat of miscarriage. A conflict between the poles appears if the father has "+", and the mother and child have "-". For example, if a man has plus DD or Dd, then there are two combinations with different risks.
When a woman gives birth for the first time and she has a Rh minus, then there is no threat to a fetus with a plus value.
With the help of the placenta, the fetus is attached to the uterine wall. Antibodies and nutrients are transferred to it through the umbilical cord, but not red bodies. In the first pregnancy, antigens usually do not appear. As a result, antibodies do not stick together with red blood cells.
The second and subsequent births are more dangerous, as they can be dangerous for Rh-positive children. Moreover, the risk will increase with each subsequent pregnancy. With placental ruptures, the baby's blood enters the maternal circulation. Just a drop of blood from the fetus provokes the rapid production of antibodies in large quantities, which threatens the baby.
In such cases, a blood transfusion is done. This prevents the flow of maternal antibodies that could harm the baby. Most often, the procedure is performed for newborns, but can be done before childbirth.
Mendel blood groups
According to the Mendelian system, if a woman and a man have the first GC, then they will have babies with missing A and B antigens. When the mother and father have the first and second (or third), then the children will have the same. In spouses with the fourth blood group, children can have any, except for the first. Moreover, this does not depend on the antigens of the partner. The most predictable option is parents with the second and third groups.
Their children are equally likely to have any of the four blood types. There is an exception called the "Bombay phenomenon". A number of people have antigens A and B, but they do not appear at all. However, this option is very rare. More common among Indians.
What blood type will the child have: table
The dominant genes are A and B, 0 is recessive. At the time of conception, the embryo receives a complete hereditary set from both parents. The blood type of a child directly depends on the number of dominant and recessive genes. Even if the GCs of the parents are the same, it is not certain that the newborn will have the same. It depends on the possible carriage of the 0-gene (recessive). There are many options.
| GC spouses | Genotype | GK kid |
| 1 | 00/00 | 1 (00) |
| 2 | AA/AA | 2 (AA) |
| AA/A0 | 2 (A0, AA) | |
| A0/A0 | 1 (00), 2 (A0, AA) | |
| 3 | BB/BB | 3 (BB) |
| BB/B0 | 3 (BB, B0) | |
| B0/B0 | 1 (00), 3 (BB, B0) | |
| 4 | AB/AB |
2 (AA), 3 (BB), 4 (AB) - any of listed |
When parents have different GCs, there can be many more options for combining genes. For example, maternal/paternal/possible variations:
- 1 (00) / 2 (A0) / any of the parent;
- 1 (00) / 3 (BB) / 3 (B0);
- 2 (AA) / 4 (AB) / any of the parent;
- 2 (AA) / 3 (BB) / 4 (AB);
- 3 (B0) / 4 (AB) / any GK - from the first to the fourth with different combinations of B0A.
A simplified version of the definition is as follows. The baby will have the first group if he inherited one resistant gene. The second - when the genotypes of the parents are A0 or AA. That is, gene A is inherited and the second - any of the two listed. The third GK will be if the parents have B0 or BB genotypes. However, they can be inherited to the same extent.
The fourth group in an infant is determined if the parental genotypes are AB. Then the baby receives both genes from the mother and father. You can determine which blood type the child will have on your own according to the table below.
| GC parents |
Possible options for a child to receive (values are indicated in percent) |
|||
| 1st GC | 2nd GC | 2nd GC | 2nd GC | |
| 1+1 | 100 | - | - | - |
| 1+2 | 50 | 50 | - | - |
| 1+3 | 50 | - | 50 | - |
| 1+4 | - | 50 | 50 | - |
| 2+2 | 25 | 75 | - | - |
| 2+3 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 |
| 2+4 | - | 50 | 25 | 25 |
| 3+3 | 25 | - | 75 | - |
| 3+4 | - | 25 | 50 | 25 |
| 4+4 | - | 25 | 25 | 50 |
This table is easy to use. The vertical (first) column contains the combination of parental blood groups. From this cell, the possible GCs and their percentage probability are inscribed on the right.
The probability of gene mutation when one of the parents has the fourth group, and the child is born with the first, is 0.001%. All other calculations can be carried out according to the tables above. However, the ledger, which is calculated from tables, calculators or charts, is not considered final. Accurate data can only be obtained with the help of analyzes made in the laboratory.
Serum for transfusion of blood group
As soon as the classification of blood types appeared and their compatibility was clarified, the data began to be used for the invention of serum for blood transfusion. If it agglutinates red cells, then the Rh factor will be positive, otherwise it will be negative. The inheritance of this trait is also predicted using the usual model with indicators D and d.
Sera can only provide passive immunization and are rapidly cleared from the blood, so no permanent antibodies are produced. However, a blood transfusion can also cause an Rh factor conflict and endanger the fetus.
Possible diseases determined by blood group
Depending on the blood type, you can to some extent protect the child if you more closely monitor the growth and health of the baby, focusing on the possible pathologies that are most often inherent in this GC. For example, during the first, most often appear:
- colitis;
- strokes;
- gastritis;
- heart diseases;
- asthma;
- allergies;
- gallbladder pathology.
The most common disease is a stomach ulcer.
Pathologies of people with a second blood group:
- cardiovascular;
- pneumonia;
- chronic fatigue;
- diabetes;
In children with the 2nd GC, poor resistance to smallpox, infectious diseases. Such kids should be provided with good rest.
Diseases of the third blood group include:
- angina;
- poor blood clotting;
- otitis;
- radiculitis;
- cystitis.
Parkinson's disease is often detected in people with the 3rd GC, oncology is much less common.
The pathologies of the fourth blood group include:
- anemia;
- stroke;
- hypertension;
- sinusitis;
- skin pathologies.
The fourth blood group is the rarest. Such people have weak immunity, which provokes frequent colds and infectious diseases. With such GC, cancerous tumors are rare, but more often there are congenital problems with the heart and blood.
The determination of the blood type of the child is done immediately after his birth. However, it can be done earlier while the baby is in the womb.
Parents should know their BG before the baby is born. Sometimes during childbirth, critical situations arise and every minute is precious to save the lives of the mother and child.
In a pregnant woman, GC is determined even during gestation, and his father can donate blood for analysis in a regular clinic.
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