Did you know that May 29 is Chemist's Day? Which of us in childhood did not dream of creating peculiar magic, amazing chemical experiments? It's time to turn your dreams into reality! Read on and we will tell you how to have fun Chemist Day 2017, as well as what chemistry experiments for kids are easy to do at home.
home volcano
If you are no longer attracted, then ... Want to see a volcanic eruption? Try making it at home! To arrange a chemical experiment "volcano" you will need soda, vinegar, food coloring, a plastic cup, a glass of warm water.
Pour 2-3 tablespoons of table soda into a plastic cup, add ¼ cup of warm water and a little food coloring, preferably red. Then add ¼ of vinegar and watch the "eruption" of the volcano.
Rose and ammonia
A very interesting and original chemical experiment with plants can be viewed on a video from YouTube:
self-inflating balloon
Do you want to conduct safe chemistry experiments for children? Then you will definitely like the balloon experiment. Prepare in advance: a plastic bottle, baking soda, a balloon and vinegar.
Pour 1 teaspoon of baking soda inside the ball. Pour ½ cup of vinegar into the bottle, then put the ball on the neck of the bottle and make sure that the soda gets into the vinegar. As a result of a violent chemical reaction, which is accompanied by the active release of carbon dioxide, the balloon will begin to inflate.
pharaoh snake
For the experiment you will need: calcium gluconate tablets, dry fuel, matches or a gas burner. See the YouTube video for the steps:
color magic
Do you want to surprise a child? Rather, conduct chemical experiments with color! You will need the following available ingredients: starch, iodine, a transparent container.
Mix white starch and brown iodine in a container. As a result, you will get an amazing mixture of blue.
We grow a snake
The most interesting home chemistry experiments can be done using available ingredients. To create a snake, you will need: a plate, river sand, powdered sugar, ethyl alcohol, a lighter or burner, baking soda.
Pour a sand slide onto a plate and soak it with alcohol. In the top of the slide, make a recess where you carefully add powdered sugar and soda. Now we set fire to the sand hill and observe. After a couple of minutes, a dark wriggling ribbon will begin to grow from the top of the hill, which resembles a snake.
How to conduct chemical experiments with an explosion, see the following video from Youtube:
Paper, scissors, heat source.
This experiment always surprises kids, but to make it more interesting for two-year-olds, combine it with creativity. Cut out a spiral from paper, color it with your child so that it looks like a snake, and then proceed to “revive”. This is done very simply: place a heat source at the bottom, for example, a burning candle, an electric stove (or hob), an iron upside down, an incandescent lamp, a heated dry frying pan. Place a serpentine coil over a heat source on a string or wire. After a few seconds, it will “come to life”: it will begin to rotate under the influence of warm air.
For children 3 years old:rain in the bank 
Three-liter jar, hot water, plate, ice.
With the help of this experience, it is easy to explain to a three-year-old "scientist" the simplest phenomena of nature. Pour hot water into the jar by about 1/3, hotter is better. Place a bowl of ice on the neck of the jar. And then - everything is like in nature - the water evaporates, rises up in the form of steam, at the top the water cools and a cloud forms, from which the real rain comes. In a three-liter jar, it will rain for one and a half to two minutes.
For children 4 years old:balls and rings
Alcohol, water, vegetable oil, syringe.
Four-year-old children are already thinking about how everything works in nature. Show them a beautiful and exciting weightlessness experiment. At the preparatory stage, mix alcohol with water, you should not involve the child in this, it is enough to explain that this liquid is similar in weight to oil. After all, it is the oil that will be poured into the prepared mixture. You can take any vegetable oil, but pour it very carefully from a syringe. As a result, the oil appears as if in weightlessness and takes its natural shape - the shape of a ball. The child will be surprised to observe a round transparent ball in the water. With a four-year-old kid, you can already talk about gravity, which makes liquids spill and spread, and about weightlessness, because all liquids in space look like balls. As a bonus, show your child another trick: if you stick a rod into the ball and rotate it quickly, an oil ring will separate from the ball.
For children 5 years old:invisible ink
Milk or lemon juice, brush or pen, hot iron.
At the age of five, the baby probably already owns a brush. Even if he can't write yet, he can draw a secret letter. Then the message will also be encrypted. Modern children did not read the story about Lenin and the inkpot with milk at school, but observing the properties of milk and lemon juice will be no less interesting for them than for their parents in childhood. The experience is very simple. Dip the brush in milk or lemon juice (it is better to use both liquids, then the quality of the “ink” can be compared) and write something on a piece of paper. Then dry the writing so that the paper looks clean and heat the sheet. It is most convenient to develop notes with an iron. Onion or apple juice is suitable as ink.
For children 6 years old:rainbow in a glass
Sugar, food coloring, a few clear glasses.
Perhaps the experience will seem too simple for a six-year-old, but in fact it is worthwhile painstaking work for a patient "scientist". It is good because the young scientist can do most of the manipulations himself. Three tablespoons of water and dyes are poured into four glasses: different colors are poured into different glasses. Then add a spoonful of sugar to the first glass, two spoons to the second, three to the third, and four to the fourth. The fifth glass remains empty. In glasses, put in order, pour 3 tablespoons of water and mix thoroughly. Then a few drops of one paint are added to each glass and mixed. The fifth glass contains pure water without sugar and dye. Carefully, along the blade of a knife, pour the contents of the “colored” glasses into a glass of clean water as the “sweetness” increases, that is, scientifically, the saturation of the solution. And if you did everything right, then there will be a small sweet rainbow in the glass. If you want scientific talk, tell your child about the difference in density of liquids, due to which the layers do not mix.
For children 7 years old:egg in a bottle
Chicken egg, pomegranate juice bottle, hot water or paper with matches.
The experiment is practically safe and very simple, but quite effective. The child will be able to do most of it by himself, the adult should only help with hot water or fire.
The first step is to boil the egg and peel it. And then there are two options. The first is to pour hot water into a bottle, put an egg on top, then put the bottle in cold water (into ice) or just wait until the water cools down. The second way is to throw burning paper into the bottle and put an egg on top. The result will not be long in coming: as soon as the air or water inside the bottle cools down, it will begin to shrink, and before the novice “physicist” has time to blink, the egg will be inside the bottle.
Be careful not to trust your child to pour hot water or work with fire.
For children 8 years old:"Pharaoh Serpent"
Calcium gluconate, dry fuel, matches or lighter.
There are many ways to get Pharaoh Serpents. We will tell you about the one that an eight-year-old child can do. The smallest and safest, but rather spectacular "snakes" are obtained from ordinary calcium gluconate tablets, they are sold in a pharmacy. To make them turn into snakes, set fire to the pills. The easiest and safest way to do this is to put a few cups of calcium gluconate on top of a "dry fuel" tablet sold in tourist shops. When burning, the tablets will begin to increase dramatically and move like living reptiles due to the release of carbon dioxide, so from the point of view of science, the experience is explained quite simply.
By the way, if the “snakes” of gluconate didn’t seem very scary to you, try making them out of sugar and soda. In this version, a hill of sifted river sand is impregnated with alcohol, and sugar and soda are placed in a depression at its top, then the sand is set on fire.
It would not be superfluous to recall that all manipulations with fire are carried out far from flammable objects, strictly under the supervision of an adult and very carefully.
For children aged 9:non-newtonian fluid
Starch, water.
This is an amazing experiment, which is easy to do, especially if the scientist is already 9. The study is serious. The goal is to obtain and study a non-Newtonian fluid. This is a substance that behaves like a liquid with a soft impact, and exhibits the properties of a solid body with a strong impact. In nature, quicksand behaves in a similar way. At home - a mixture of water and starch. In a bowl, combine water with corn or potato starch in a ratio of 1: 2 and mix well. You will see how the mixture resists when stirred quickly and mixes when gently stirred. Throw a ball into the bowl with the mixture, lower the toy into it, and then try to pull it out sharply, take the mixture in your hands and let it calmly flow back into the bowl. You yourself can come up with a lot of games with this amazing composition. And this is an excellent opportunity to figure out together with the child how the molecules in different substances are interconnected.
For children 10 years old:water desalination
Salt, water, plastic wrap, glass, pebbles, basin.
This exploration is best for those who love travel and adventure books and movies. Indeed, on a journey, a situation may occur when the hero finds himself on the high seas without drinking water. If the traveler is already 10 and he learns to do this trick, he will not be lost. For the experiment, first prepare salt water, that is, simply pour water into a deep basin and salt it “by eye” (the salt should completely dissolve). Now put a glass in our “sea”, so that the edges of the glass are slightly above the surface of salt water, but lower than the edges of the basin, and put a clean pebble or a glass ball in the glass, which will not allow the glass to float. Cover the basin with cling film or greenhouse film and tie the edges around the basin. It should not be pulled too tight so that it is possible to make a recess (this recess is also fixed with a stone or a glass ball). It should be just above the glass. Now it remains to put the basin in the sun. The water will evaporate, settle on the film and drain down the slope into a glass - it will be ordinary drinking water, all the salt will remain in the basin. The beauty of this experience is that the child can do it completely on their own.
For children aged 11:litmus cabbage
Red cabbage, filter paper, vinegar, lemon, soda, cola, ammonia, etc.
Here the child will have the opportunity to get acquainted with real chemical terms. Any parent remembers such a thing as a litmus test from a chemistry course, and will be able to explain that this is an indicator - a substance that reacts differently to the level of acidity in other substances. A child can easily make such indicator papers at home and, of course, test them by checking the acidity in various household liquids.
The easiest way to make an indicator is from ordinary red cabbage. Grate the cabbage and squeeze out the juice, then saturate filter paper (available at drugstores or wine shops) with it. The cabbage indicator is ready. Now cut the pieces of paper into smaller pieces and place them in different liquids that you can find at home. It remains only to remember which color corresponds to which level of acidity. In an acidic environment, the paper will turn red, in a neutral environment it will turn green, and in an alkaline environment it will turn blue or purple. As a bonus, try making "alien" scrambled eggs by adding red cabbage juice to the egg white before frying. At the same time, you will find out what level of acidity is in a chicken egg.
Children are always trying to learn something new every day and they always have a lot of questions. They can explain some phenomena, or you can clearly show how this or that thing, this or that phenomenon works. In these experiments, children will not only learn something new, but also learn how to create different crafts, which they can then play with.
1. Experiments for children: lemon volcano
You will need:
– 2 lemons (for 1 volcano)
- baking soda
- food coloring or watercolors
- dishwashing liquid
- wooden stick or spoon (optional)
- tray.
1. Cut off the bottom of the lemon so it can be placed on a flat surface.
2. On the reverse side, cut a piece of lemon as shown in the image.
* You can cut half a lemon and make an open volcano.
3. Take the second lemon, cut it in half and squeeze the juice out of it into a cup. This will be the backup lemon juice.
4. Place the first lemon (with the part cut out) on the tray and spoon "remember" the lemon inside to squeeze out some of the juice. It is important that the juice is inside the lemon.
5. Add food coloring or watercolor to the inside of the lemon, but do not stir.
6. Pour dishwashing liquid inside the lemon.
7. Add a full tablespoon of baking soda to the lemon. The reaction will start. With a stick or spoon, you can stir everything inside the lemon - the volcano will begin to foam.
8. To make the reaction last longer, you can gradually add more soda, dyes, soap and reserve lemon juice.
2. Home experiments for children: electric eels from chewing worms
You will need:
- 2 glasses
- small capacity
- 4-6 chewing worms
- 3 tablespoons of baking soda
- 1/2 tablespoon of vinegar
– 1 cup of water
- scissors, kitchen or clerical knife.
1. With scissors or a knife, cut lengthwise (just lengthwise - this will not be easy, but be patient) of each worm into 4 (or more) parts.
* The smaller the piece, the better.
* If scissors don't want to cut properly, try washing them with soap and water.
2. Mix water and baking soda in a glass.
3. Add pieces of worms to the solution of water and soda and stir.
4. Leave the worms in the solution for 10-15 minutes.
5. Using a fork, transfer the worm pieces to a small plate.
6. Pour half a spoon of vinegar into an empty glass and start putting worms in it one by one.
* The experiment can be repeated if the worms are washed with plain water. After a few attempts, your worms will begin to dissolve, and then you will have to cut a new batch.
3. Experiments and experiments: a rainbow on paper or how light is reflected on a flat surface
You will need:
- a bowl of water
– clear nail polish
- small pieces of black paper.
1. Add 1-2 drops of clear nail polish to a bowl of water. See how the varnish disperses through the water.
2. Quickly (after 10 seconds) dip a piece of black paper into the bowl. Take it out and let it dry on a paper towel.
3. After the paper has dried (it happens quickly) start turning the paper and look at the rainbow that is displayed on it.
* To better see the rainbow on paper, look at it under the sun's rays.
4. Experiments at home: a rain cloud in a jar
When small drops of water accumulate in a cloud, they become heavier and heavier. As a result, they will reach such a weight that they can no longer remain in the air and will begin to fall to the ground - this is how rain appears.
This phenomenon can be shown to children with simple materials.
You will need:
- shaving foam
- food coloring.
1. Fill the jar with water.
2. Apply shaving foam on top - it will be a cloud.
3. Let the child begin to drip the food coloring onto the “cloud” until it starts to “rain” – drops of food coloring begin to fall to the bottom of the jar.
During the experiment, explain this phenomenon to the child.
You will need:
– warm water
- sunflower oil
- 4 food colorings
1. Fill the jar 3/4 full with warm water.
2. Take a bowl and mix 3-4 tablespoons of oil and a few drops of food coloring in it. In this example, 1 drop of each of the 4 dyes was used - red, yellow, blue and green.
3. Stir the dyes and oil with a fork.
4. Carefully pour the mixture into a jar of warm water.
5. Watch what happens - food coloring will slowly sink through the oil into the water, after which each drop will begin to disperse and mix with other drops.
* Food coloring dissolves in water, but not in oil, because. The density of oil is less than water (which is why it “floats” on water). A drop of dye is heavier than oil, so it will begin to sink until it reaches the water, where it begins to disperse and look like a small firework.
6. Interesting experiences: in a bowl in which colors merge
You will need:
- a paper-cut wheel painted in the colors of the rainbow
- rubber band or thick thread
– cardboard
- glue stick
- scissors
- skewer or screwdriver (to make holes in the paper wheel).
1. Choose and print the two templates you want to use.
2. Take a piece of cardboard and use a glue stick to glue one template to the cardboard.
3. Cut out the glued circle from the cardboard.
4. Glue the second template to the back of the cardboard circle.
5. Use a skewer or screwdriver to make two holes in the circle.
6. Pass the thread through the holes and tie the ends into a knot.
Now you can spin your spinning top and watch how the colors merge on the circles.
7. Experiments for children at home: jellyfish in a jar
You will need:
- a small transparent plastic bag
- transparent plastic bottle
- food coloring
- scissors.
1. Lay the plastic bag on a flat surface and smooth it out.
2. Cut off the bottom and handles of the bag.
3. Cut the bag lengthwise on the right and left so that you have two sheets of polyethylene. You will need one sheet.
4. Find the center of the plastic sheet and fold it like a ball to make a jellyfish head. Tie the thread around the “neck” of the jellyfish, but not too tight - you need to leave a small hole through which to pour water into the head of the jellyfish.
5. There is a head, now let's move on to the tentacles. Make cuts in the sheet - from the bottom to the head. You need about 8-10 tentacles.
6. Cut each tentacle into 3-4 smaller pieces.
7. Pour some water into the jellyfish's head, leaving room for air so the jellyfish can "float" in the bottle.
8. Fill the bottle with water and put your jellyfish in it.
9. Drop a couple of drops of blue or green food coloring.
* Close the lid tightly so that water does not spill out.
* Have the children turn the bottle over and watch the jellyfish swim in it.
8. Chemical experiments: magic crystals in a glass
You will need:
- glass cup or bowl
- plastic bowl
- 1 cup Epsom salt (magnesium sulfate) - used in bath salts
- 1 cup hot water
- food coloring.
1. Pour Epsom salt into a bowl and add hot water. You can add a couple of drops of food coloring to the bowl.
2. Stir the contents of the bowl for 1-2 minutes. Most of the salt granules should dissolve.
3. Pour the solution into a glass or glass and place it in the freezer for 10-15 minutes. Don't worry, the solution isn't hot enough to crack the glass.
2
How to awaken a child's interest in scientific knowledge - for example, in chemistry? It is worth trying a practical approach. The theory is dry and easily forgotten, and knowledge, confirmed by a successful experiment, will settle in the mind for a long time.
As a result of the "Adhesive Substances" series of experiments, parents and their child can create a glue stick, learning a lot about the chemical properties of substances familiar to us along the way. No spectacular explosions and sparks, but the experiments are scientifically based and easily carried out at home.
Experiment 1
We will need: water, sugar, soda, salt, cornstarch, paper.
The experiment will help you figure out how glue is made and what exactly gives it such a property as stickiness. To start, ask the children to remember and think about what foods in your kitchen that leave sticky residue behind? Every kitchen has powdered ingredients, what happens when you dilute them with water? To find out, you have to try! Mix sugar, soda, salt, cornstarch or similar samples with water. Will it be possible to glue a couple of sheets of paper with these solutions?
Experiment 2
In a previous experiment, we learned that when starch is mixed with water, a sticky substance forms. Starch is a natural raw material. How to find out where there is starch, and where it is not?
So, in this experiment, two samples are used: a positive sample containing corn starch and a negative sample containing a substance that looks like corn starch (for example, powdered sugar).
Before starting the experiment, invite the children to think about what foods might contain starch. They can test their assumptions using the determination method below.
Necessary materials:
- Lugol's solution (iodine solution/potassium iodide solution).
- Disposable pipettes.
- Laboratory test tubes or small glass containers in which you can mix the test substances with Lugol's solution (kitchen utensils, such as glasses, are also quite suitable).
- Corn starch and powdered sugar for control samples.
- Starchy foods such as potatoes, pre-soaked wheat grains, cornmeal.
- Starch-free foods, such as cucumbers.
Use a spatula to place a small amount of corn starch into a lab tube. Add 2 ml (1/2 teaspoon) of water, shake the tube gently. Then add 4 drops of Lugol's solution to the test tube. What happened? In samples containing starch, the solution will take on a characteristic blue color.
Is there starch in your glue stick? Now you can check it out yourself.
It's time to find out what foods contain starch. Have your child complete the following chart:
Experiment 3
So, we learned that there is starch in potatoes, but not in cucumbers. How to get it out of there now, from potatoes?
A useful starting point is to observe the fact that water becomes cloudy when starch foods are put in it for several hours. This becomes especially noticeable if rice grains are soaked in water. Turbidity means that some substance has passed from the product into the water. In order to show this to the child, we recommend preparing a sample in advance - for example, soak rice in a bowl of water.
Necessary materials:
- 3-6 potatoes (depending on size).
- 150 g cornmeal.
- Old kitchen towels.
- 4 medium sized plastic cups.
- 1-2 graters.
- 2 porcelain plates or heat-resistant crystallizers.
- Beaker.
- Water.
- Choose one of the products (3-6 potatoes or 150 g of cornmeal), grate it if necessary (in a plastic or metal bowl).
- Add 300 ml of water to the ground food in the cup and stir with a glass rod.
- Cover the second cup with a kitchen towel, pour the mixture onto the towel and squeeze out the water (liquid). Collect the liquid in a cup.
- Put the rest of the mixture in the first cup, repeat steps 2 and 3, but use only 200 ml of water. Wait five minutes and carefully drain the water. Leave a white residue at the bottom of the cup.
- Transfer the leftovers to a plate and place in the oven at 180°C for 20 minutes. After the drying step, a dense whitish substance will remain on the plate: starch.
Experiment 4
In the first experiment, we learned that when starch is combined with water, a sticky substance is formed. But this substance is not yet suitable for use as an adhesive. To do this, with the resulting mixture, you need to do a few more steps.
First, children learn from this experiment that when heated with water, starch turns into a jelly-like sticky paste. Secondly, they learn that good glue needs the right consistency.
Ask your child what he thinks: what needs to be done with starch to make it more sticky?
Necessary materials:
- Starch obtained in the experiment earlier, or ready-made corn starch (of course, it is much more interesting to use your own).
- Stove or oven.
- Thermometer.
To prepare a starch paste, mix 1 g (1/4 teaspoon) starch with 5 ml (teaspoon) water and heat at about 80°C until the mixture starts to stick to a stick or spoon. Starch swells when heated. Swelling is caused by the fact that the solvent (water) is absorbed by the force of capillarity and then evaporates. Examples from everyday life are the preparation of pudding or thick sauces.
So, we have starch paste. Can we start gluing different surfaces with it? Nearly!
Experiment 5
Hold on, we're almost done!
What separates us from the real glue? Let's try to do the following:
- Place the starch paste at the tip of a spatula into a laboratory test tube, add 5 ml of water, stopper the test tube.
- Shake the tube for about 30 seconds.
- Repeat the process with the substance from which the glue stick is made.
Tell me what was the difference? Didn't you have the feeling that the material from which the glue stick was made foamed just like soap?
Well, let's try to cook a starch paste, but this time with the addition of soap chips.
Necessary materials:
- Starch obtained during the experiment, or ready-made corn starch.
- Bar of soap, fragrance-free if possible.
- 1-2 refractory glass jars or saucepans.
- Stove or oven.
- 1-2 glass sticks or spoons for stirring.
- Thermometer.
Grind about a quarter of a bar of soap using a potato grater.
In a 150 ml beaker, thoroughly dissolve 1 g (1/4 teaspoon) of grated soap in 14 ml (teaspoon) of water; the result should be soapy foam.
Add 4 g (teaspoon) starch to the soap solution and mix thoroughly with a glass rod.
Heat the mixture on the hotplate to 80°C, stirring occasionally with a glass rod.
What did you get? Is it possible to somehow change the properties of the resulting mass?
Repeat steps two through four using 2g (1/2 teaspoon), 3g (3/4 teaspoon) and 4g (teaspoon) soap.
By varying the amount of soap, you can prepare glue of absolutely any consistency.
So, we have just prepared a real glue stick. Little experimenters will be able to carry out the rest of the experiments in the free classes of the Henkel World of Explorers. You can find out about the place and time of the classes, as well as enroll your child in them on the program website.
Discussion
My 8-year-old daughter and I conducted the "lava lamp" experiment, there were so many delights that words cannot express. Children are open and love to learn new things.
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Who didn't believe in miracles as a child? To have fun and informative time with your baby, you can try to carry out experiments from entertaining chemistry. They are safe, interesting and educational. These experiments will answer many children's "why" and arouse interest in science and knowledge of the world. And today I want to tell you what experiments for children at home can be organized by parents.
pharaoh snake
This experiment is based on increasing the volume of the mixed reagents. In the process of burning, they transform and, wriggling, resemble a snake. The experiment got its name thanks to the biblical miracle, when Moses, who came to the pharaoh with a request, turned his rod into a snake.
For the experience you will need the following ingredients:
- ordinary sand;
- ethanol;
- crushed sugar;
- baking soda.
We impregnate the sand with alcohol, after that we form a small hill out of it and make a recess at the top. After that, mix a small spoonful of powdered sugar and a pinch of soda, then pour everything into an impromptu "crater". We set fire to our volcano, the alcohol in the sand begins to burn out, and black balls form. They are a decomposition product of soda and caramelized sugar.
After all the alcohol has burned out, the sand slide will turn black and a writhing "black pharaoh's snake" will form. This experiment looks more impressive with the use of real reagents and strong acids, which can only be used in a chemical laboratory.
You can do it a little easier and buy a calcium gluconate tablet at the pharmacy. Set it on fire at home, the effect will be almost the same, only the “snake” will quickly collapse.
Magic lamp
In stores, you can often see lamps, inside which a beautiful illuminated liquid moves and shimmers. Such lamps were invented in the early 60s. They work on the basis of paraffin and oil. At the bottom of the device is a built-in conventional incandescent lamp that heats the descending molten wax. Part of it reaches the top and falls, the other part heats up and rises, so we see a kind of “dance” of paraffin inside the container.
In order to carry out a similar experience at home with a child, we need:
- any juice;
- vegetable oil;
- tablets - pops;
- beautiful container.
We take a container and fill it with juice more than half. Add vegetable oil on top and throw a pop-up tablet there. It begins to “work”, the bubbles rising from the bottom of the glass capture the juice in themselves and form a beautiful seething in the oil layer. Then the bubbles that reach the edge of the glass burst, and the juice falls down. It turns out a kind of "cycle" of juice in a glass. Such magic lamps are absolutely harmless, unlike paraffin lamps, which a child can accidentally break and burn himself.
Balloon and Orange: An Experience for Toddlers
What will happen to a balloon if you drop orange or lemon juice on it? It will burst as soon as drops of citrus touch it. And then you can eat an orange with your baby. It's very entertaining and fun. For the experience, we need a couple of balloons and citrus. We inflate them and let the baby drip fruit juice on each and see what happens.
Why does the ball burst? It's all about a special chemical - limonene. It is found in citrus fruits and is often used in the cosmetics industry. When the juice comes into contact with the rubber of the balloon, a reaction occurs, limonene dissolves the rubber and the balloon bursts.
sweet glass
Amazing things can be made from caramelized sugar. In the early days of cinema, most fight scenes used this edible sweet glass. This is because it is less traumatic for actors during filming and is inexpensive. Its fragments can then be collected, melted down and made into props for the film.
Many in childhood made sugar cockerels or fudge, glass should be made according to the same principle. Pour water into a saucepan, heat a little, the water should not be cold. After that, pour sugar into it and bring to a boil. When the liquid boils, cook until the mass begins to gradually thicken and bubble strongly. The melted sugar in the container should turn into a viscous caramel, which, if lowered into cold water, will turn into glass.
Pour the prepared liquid onto a baking sheet previously prepared and greased with vegetable oil, cool and the sweet glass is ready.
During the cooking process, you can add dye to it and pour it into some interesting shape, and then treat and surprise everyone around.
Philosopher's nail
This entertaining experience is based on the principle of iron coppering. Named by analogy with a substance that, according to legend, could turn everything into gold, and was called the philosopher's stone. To conduct the experiment, we will need:
- iron nail;
- a fourth of a glass of acetic acid;
- food salt;
- soda;
- a piece of copper wire;
- glass container.
We take a glass jar and pour acid, salt into it and stir well. Be careful, vinegar has a strong unpleasant odor. It can burn the baby's delicate airways. Then we put the copper wire into the resulting solution for 10-15 minutes, after some time we lower the iron nail previously cleaned with soda into the solution. After some time, we can see that a copper coating has appeared on it, and the wire has become shiny as new. How could this happen?
Copper reacts with acetic acid, a copper salt is formed, then copper ions on the surface of the nail change places with iron ions and form a plaque on its surface. And the concentration of iron salts increases in the solution.
Copper coins are not suitable for the experiment, since this metal itself is very soft, and to make the money stronger, its alloys with brass and aluminum are used.
Copper products do not rust over time, they are covered with a special green coating - patina, which prevents it from further corrosion.
DIY soap bubbles
Who didn't love blowing bubbles as a child? How beautifully they shimmer and burst merrily. You can just buy them at the store, but it will be much more interesting to create your own solution with your child and then blow bubbles.
It should be said right away that the usual mixture of laundry soap and water will not work. It produces bubbles that quickly disappear and are poorly blown. The most affordable way to prepare such a substance is to mix two glasses of water with a glass of dish detergent. If sugar is added to the solution, then the bubbles become stronger. They will fly for a long time and will not burst. And the huge bubbles that can be seen on stage with professional artists are obtained by mixing glycerin, water and detergent.
For beauty and mood, you can mix food paint into the solution. Then the bubbles will glow beautifully in the sun. You can create several different solutions and take turns using them with your child. It is interesting to experiment with color and create your own new shade of soap bubbles.
You can also try mixing the soap solution with other substances and see how they affect the blisters. Maybe you will invent and patent some new kind of your own.
Spy ink
This legendary invisible ink. What are they made from? Now there are so many films about spies and interesting intellectual investigations. You can invite your child to play a little secret agents.
The meaning of such ink is that they cannot be seen on paper with the naked eye. Only by applying a special effect, for example, heating or chemical reagents, can a secret message be seen. Unfortunately, most recipes for making them are ineffective and such ink leaves marks.
We will make special ones that are difficult to see without special detection. For this you will need:
- water;
- a spoon;
- baking soda;
- any source of heat;
- stick with cotton at the end.
Pour warm liquid into any container, then, while stirring, pour baking soda into it until it stops dissolving, i.e. the mixture will reach a high concentration. We put a stick with cotton on the end there and write something on paper with it. Let's wait until it dries, then bring the leaf to a lit candle or gas stove. After a while, you can see how the yellow letters of the written word appear on the paper. Make sure that during the development of the letters the leaf does not catch fire.
Fireproof money
This is a well-known and old experiment. For it you will need:
- water;
- alcohol;
- salt.
Take a deep glass container and pour water into it, then add alcohol and salt, stir well so that all the ingredients are dissolved. For ignition, you can take ordinary pieces of paper, if you don’t mind, then you can take a bill. Just take a small denomination, otherwise something may go wrong in the experience and the money will be spoiled.
Put strips of paper or money in a water-salt solution, after a while they can be removed from the liquid and set on fire. You can see that the flame covers the entire banknote, but it does not light up. This effect is explained by the fact that the alcohol in the solution evaporates, and the wet paper itself does not light up.
wish fulfilling stone
The process of growing crystals is very exciting, but time consuming. However, what you get as a result will be worth the time spent. The most popular is the creation of crystals from table salt or sugar.
Consider growing a "wish stone" from refined sugar. For this you will need:
- drinking water;
- granulated sugar;
- paper sheet;
- thin wooden stick;
- small container and glass.
Let's make a preparation first. To do this, we need to prepare a sugar mixture. Pour some water and sugar into a small container. We wait until the mixture boils, and boil until a syrupy state is formed. Then we lower the wooden stick there and sprinkle it with sugar, you need to do this evenly, in this case the resulting crystal will become more beautiful and even. Leave the base for the crystal overnight to dry and harden.
Let's prepare the syrup solution. Pour water into a large container and fall asleep, slowly stirring, sugar there. Then, when the mixture boils, boil it to the state of a viscous syrup. Remove from fire and let cool.
Cut out circles from paper and attach them to the end of a wooden stick. It will become a lid on which a wand with crystals is attached. We fill the glass with a solution and lower the workpiece there. We wait for a week, and the "stone of desires" is ready. If you put a dye in the syrup when cooking, it will turn out even more beautiful.
The process of creating crystals from salt is somewhat simpler. Here it will only be necessary to monitor the mixture and periodically change it in order to increase the concentration.
First of all, we create a blank. Pour warm water into a glass container, and gradually stir, pour salt until it stops dissolving. We leave the container for a day. After this time, you can find many small crystals in the glass, choose the largest one and tie it to a thread. Make a new salt solution and put a crystal there, it must not touch the bottom or the edges of the glass. This can lead to unwanted deformations.
After a couple of days, you can see that he has grown. The more often you change the mixture, increasing the concentration of salt content, the faster you can grow your wish stone.
glowing tomato
This experiment must be carried out strictly under the supervision of adults, since harmful substances are used for its implementation. The glowing tomato that will be created during this experiment is strictly forbidden to eat, it can lead to death or severe poisoning. We will need:
- ordinary tomato;
- syringe;
- sulfuric matter from matches;
- bleach;
- hydrogen peroxide.
We take a small container, put the previously prepared match sulfur there and pour in the bleach. We leave all this for a while, after which we collect the mixture into a syringe and introduce it into the tomato from different sides, so that it glows evenly. To start the chemical process, hydrogen peroxide is needed, which we introduce through the trace from the petiole from above. We turn off the light in the room, and we can enjoy the process.
Egg in Vinegar: A Very Simple Experience
This is a simple and interesting ordinary acetic acid. For its implementation, you will need a boiled chicken egg and vinegar. Take a transparent glass container and lower the egg in the shell into it, then fill it to the top with acetic acid. You can see how bubbles rise from its surface, this is a chemical reaction. After three days, we can observe that the shell has become soft, and the egg is elastic, like a ball. If you point a flashlight at it, you can see that it glows. It is not recommended to conduct an experiment with a raw egg, since the soft shell may break when squeezed.
Do-it-yourself slime from PVA
This is a fairly common strange toy of our childhood. Currently, it is quite difficult to find it. Let's try to make slime at home. Its classic color is green, but you can use whatever you like. Try mixing several shades and create your own unique color.
For the experiment we need:
- glass jar;
- several small glasses;
- dye;
- PVA glue;
- regular starch.
Let's prepare three identical glasses with solutions that we will mix. Pour PVA glue into the first, water into the second, and starch into the third. First, pour water into the jar, then add glue and dye, mix everything thoroughly and then add starch. The mixture must be quickly mixed so that it does not thicken, and you can play with the finished slime.
How to quickly inflate a balloon
Soon the holiday and you need to inflate a lot of balloons? What to do? This unusual experience will help to facilitate the task. For him, we need a rubber ball, acetic acid and ordinary soda. It must be carried out carefully in the presence of adults.
Pour a pinch of baking soda into a balloon and put it on the neck of the bottle of acetic acid so that the soda does not spill out, straighten the balloon and let its contents fall into the vinegar. You will see how the chemical reaction will take place, it will begin to foam, releasing carbon dioxide and inflating the balloon.
That's all for today. Do not forget that it is better to conduct experiments for children at home under supervision, it will be both safer and more interesting. See you soon!
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