). In the food industry, the additive E262 is used as a preservative, acidity regulator and flavoring agent.
According to their physical properties, sodium acetates are a colorless crystalline substance with a slight smell of acetic acid. Sodium acetates obtained for industrial purposes may have a hue from light yellow to brown, depending on the impurities present. Additive E262 has low solubility in ethers and alcohols, but at the same time, high solubility in aqueous solutions. Sodium acetate is non-flammable and has low toxicity.
In the food industry, two types of additive E262 are used:
- E262i - sodium acetate, ( Sodium acetate) with the chemical formula of the substance: C 2 H 3 NaO 2;
- E262ii - sodium diacetate or sodium hydroacetate (Sodium diacetate, Sodium hydrogen acetate) with the chemical formula C 4 H 7 NaO 4 H 2 O.
On an industrial scale, sodium acetates are prepared in several ways, for example by the reaction of sodium carbonates or hydroxides with acetic acid.
- 2CH 3 COOH + Na 2 CO 3 → 2CH 3 COONa + H 2 O + CO 2
Sodium acetate is often found in nature. It is one of the constituent cells of animals and plants. Sodium acetate is present along with natural acids in most fruits. In addition, it is a product of bacterial fermentation and, therefore, is present in all fermented milk products.
The use of food additive E262 does not lead to any side effects, because. acetates are a common component of all body cells. Only a small percentage of people who are allergic to vinegar should avoid E262 additives. It is believed that the average body can process the E262 supplement in any amount, so the maximum daily dose of sodium acetates in Russia has not been established.
In the food industry, the additive E262 is used in the preservation of vegetables and fruits to soften the taste of acetic acid. In addition, by adding sodium acetate along with calcium acetate in small amounts to flour, manufacturers protect against "potato disease" bacteria ( Bacillus mesentericus) its bakery products. Also, the E262 additive is used as a flavoring agent in the production of chips, giving the product a slightly vinegary taste and aroma.
In addition to the food industry, sodium acetates are widely used:
- in medicine - is part of a number of drugs, is used as a diuretic, is used in the production of chemical heating pads;
- in construction - as an additive that improves the antifreeze properties of concrete;
- in chemistry - to obtain various chemical compounds, such as acetic anhydride;
- in photography, electroplating;
- in the textile industry when dyeing fabrics, tanning skins.
Food additive E262 is included in the list of approved food additives in most countries of the world, including Russia and Ukraine.
Synonyms Sodium acetate, sodium acetic salt; English sodium acetate, sodium salt of acetic ; German Natriumacetat, Natriumsalz der Essigsaure; fr. acetate de sodium, sel de sodium de l'acide acetique.
CAS№ 127-09-3 (sodium acetate b/w); 6161-90-4 (sodium acetate trihydrate).
Empirical Formula C 2 H 3 O 2 Na (sodium acetate b/w); C 2 H 3 O 2 Na ■ ZN 2 O (sodium acetate trihydrate).
Mol. m. 82.03 (sodium acetate b/w); 136.08 (sodium acetate trihydrate).
Organoleptic properties
Physiochemical properties Chorus. sol. in water; bad sol. in alcohol, ether, hygroscopic. mp 324°C (anhydrous), 58°C (trihydrate).
natural sourceCm. VINEGAR.
Receipt
Metabolism and toxicityCm. ACETIC ACID.
Hygiene standards Chipboard is not limited. Hazards according to GN-98: MPC in the air of the working area 10 mg/m3, hazard class 4. Codex: allowed for mayonnaises, broths and GMP soups. In the Russian Federation, it is allowed in canned fruits and vegetables, bread, and other food products according to TI in an amount according to TI individually or in combination with other acetates (clauses 3.1.18,3.1.20,3.2.23 SanPiN 2.3.2.1293-03) .
Application Of all the salts of acetic acid, practically only sodium diacetate is used in the food industry.
Other applications: sodium acetate is used in medicine as a diuretic, as a feed, mordant in dyeing fabrics and leather tanning, in photography, in electroplating.
(2 ) SODIUM DIACETATE
Technological functions Preservative, acidity regulator.
SynonymsEnglish. sodium diacetate; German. Natriumdiacetate; fr. diacetate de sodium.
CAS№ 126-96-5.
Empirical Formula C 4 H 7 O 4 Na.
Mol. m. 142,09.
Organoleptic properties Colorless crystals with a slight odor of acetic acid.
Physiochemical properties T pl 328-330°C; pH 1% p-pa 4.5-5. Chorus. sol. in water.
natural sourceCm. ACETIC ACID.
Receipt The interaction of sodium carbonate or caustic soda with acetic acid or its esters, during the dry distillation of wood with sodium carbonate, etc.
Metabolism and toxicityCm. ACETIC ACID.
Hygiene standards Chipboard is not limited. In the Russian Federation, it is allowed in canned fruits and vegetables, bread, and other food products according to TI in an amount according to TI individually or in combination with other acetates (pp. 3.1.18,3.1.20,3.2.23 SanPiN 2.3.2.1293-03) .
Application Of all the salts of acetic acid, practically only sodium diacetate is used. It softens the sour taste of acetic acid in various products, and is used in melting salts. Sodium diacetate and calcium acetate are also used to protect bread from the so-called "potato disease" - spoilage caused by bacteria of the species Bacillus mesentericus. The concentration of diacetate is 0.2-0.4% by weight of the flour. As a means of protecting packaged bread from mold, sodium diacetate is not used.
Sodium acetate CH3COONa, - sodium salts of acetic acid. Registered as a dietary supplement E-262.
The use of sodium acetates
sodium acetate used in the textile industry to neutralize waste sulfuric acid in wastewater and as a photoresist when using aniline dyes. It is also used in chromium salt tanning (for pickling), and slows down the vulcanization process of chloroprene in the production of synthetic rubbers.
sodium acetate known as a dietary supplement E-262 and is used as a preservative.
Being a salt of a weak acid, in solution sodium acetate and acetic acid can be used as a buffer to keep the pH relatively constant. It is especially useful in biochemistry in pH dependent reactions.
sodium acetate also used in everyday life as a component of chemical heaters (eng. heating pad) or chemical heaters (eng. Hand warmer), used as an integral part of a mixture of "hot ice" (eng. "hot ice"), during the crystallization of sodium acetate, heat is released - this exothermic process). When sodium acetate trihydrate (having a melting point of 58 ° C) is heated to 100 ° C (usually a container with it is placed in boiling water), it melts and goes into an aqueous solution of sodium acetate. When this sodium acetate solution is cooled, it forms a supersaturated solution of sodium acetate in water. This solution is perfectly supercooled to room temperature without the formation of a solid phase, then by pressing on a metal disk in the container, a crystallization center is formed, which, growing, causes the supersaturated solution to pass back into the solid phase of sodium acetate trihydrate. This process occurs with a significant release of heat (exothermic reaction), with the release of about 264-289 kJ / kg (Heat of phase transition).
Scope of technical sodium acetate:
Technical sodium acetate ( sodium acetate technical) is a trihydrate of the sodium salt of acetic acid, produced in the form of flakes or pieces of irregular shape.
Sodium acetate is used as an antifreeze additive for heavy, fine-grained and lightweight concrete, in the construction of monolithic concrete and reinforced concrete structures, monolithic parts of prefabricated monolithic structures, sealing joints, in the manufacture of prefabricated concrete and reinforced concrete products and structures in unheated buildings and at landfills, as well as during the construction of masonry structures in winter conditions at an outdoor temperature of plus 5 to minus 15 degrees Celsius.
Obtaining sodium acetates
receive sodium acetate interaction of NaOH or Na2CO3 with acetic acid or its esters, dry distillation of wood with Na2CO3, etc.
Application of sodium acetates E-262
sodium acetate used in the production of dyes, soaps, acetic anhydride, acetyl chloride, vinyl acetate, Cu acetates, etc., as a mordant in dyeing fabrics and tanning leather, a diuretic in medicine, a polycondensation catalyst, a component of acid fixatives in photography, buffer solutions, electrolytes in electroplating. In medicine sodium acetates used as alkalizing agents (hyponatremia, metabolic acidosis)
In the modern world, and especially in the field of nutrition, where there are more and more synthetic additives, natural products are valued. And manufacturers who have studied the psychology of their consumers well often use tricks such as indicating various natural ingredients on the packaging. However, "natural" is not a synonym for the word "useful". Tobacco is also a natural product, however, to consider it useful, to put it mildly, is strange.
The same is true in the food industry. Among the several hundred E-supplements, there are indeed natural ones, that is, those that are present in nature. However, this does not mean that these additives do not harm human health. Because most often they perform the function of preservatives, flavors, dyes and so on. And even if they themselves do not cause harm, think for yourself: if a product needs preservatives or flavor enhancers, then this means only one thing - the product itself is far from natural; and the further it is from naturalness, the more harm it can cause. One of these "natural" food additives, but with not the best characteristics, is food additive E262.
Food supplement E262: what is it
Food additive - sodium salt of acetic acid. Sodium acetate is indeed present in nature, being a constituent component of animal and plant cells. It is also present naturally in dairy products. Therefore, sodium acetate itself is not toxic to the human body, since it is already found in all cells.
Consider the use of sodium acetate in more detail. There are two types of E262 additive: sodium acetate and diacetate, or sodium hydroacetate. The substance is obtained by the reaction of carbonates with acetic acid.
As mentioned above, sodium acetate is a natural substance that is the result of bacterial fermentation, so its presence is quite natural in foods. However, the use of this additive in the food industry should be considered in terms of its functions. And its functions, frankly, are not the most partial: sodium acetate is used as a preservative, acidity regulator and flavoring.
Food additive E262 is used in the manufacture of various types of canned fruits and vegetables in order to mask the presence of acetic acid in these products, which does not have the best taste. However, one of the most nefarious uses of E262 food additive is in making chips. Sodium acetate gives chips containing a lot of other, more harmful pesticides, a specific taste that is addictive and addictive and motivates the consumer to regularly buy this most harmful refined product.
E262: effect on the body
By itself, the food additive E262 is not toxic to the body. However, several important points should be noted. First, sodium acetate is contraindicated for people who are allergic to vinegar, as it can cause a severe allergic reaction and anaphylactic shock. In the presence of such an allergy, it is advisable to avoid the use of flour products, chips and various kinds of canned food.
From the point of view of official science, the food additive E262 is suitable for use in any quantity. But this is contrary to elementary logic: all the substances that exist in the world, even clean air and simple clean water, are harmful in unlimited quantities, not to mention various chemical compounds like sodium acetate.
However, we are talking only about pure sodium acetate, and not about those products that contain it. And they leave much to be desired due to the presence of other, more harmful components in them. It is also worth noting that all the principles of the interaction of the food additive E262 with other elements in the composition of products, as well as possible toxic substances that can be produced during such exposure, have not been studied. And by the way, maybe these data are there, but manufacturers prefer to hush them up.
The food additive is allowed in most countries of the world, as it officially does not have a visible harmful effect on the human body.
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