Specialists distinguish varieties of vodka depending on the degree of alcohol purification and production technology. Knowing them, you can easily navigate the assortment when choosing a drink. We will consider only those varieties that have already managed to positively establish themselves.
Last time we found out that there are only two: ordinary and special. It is more difficult to deal with vodka varieties, since there are many more of them. Domestic producers, having only slightly changed the recipe and technology, immediately consider their product a new unique variety of vodka. In the current situation, it is advisable to consider only those varieties that were developed back in the USSR.
Moscow special- is considered a vodka standard, a strength of 40%, is made only from "extra" and "lux" class spirits (the highest quality).
Russian- for preparation, alcohol of the highest purity and specially prepared water are used. This vodka is also considered a reference, but its quality is somewhat lower than that of Moskovskaya. Fortress standard - 40%.
Starorusskaya- made according to an old recipe from high-quality alcohol and drinking water. This variety has a characteristic vodka aroma, it is preferred by true connoisseurs of vodka.
Stolichnaya- is considered one of the best Russian vodkas in the world. It differs from other varieties in softness, refined aroma and the absence of impurities. The fortress varies from 37 to 42 degrees.
Stolichnaya - the most famous vodka in the world Wheat- made from selected wheat raw materials. The taste is soft without third-party shades, the fortress is 40%.
Embassy- an elite variety of strong vodka from alcohols of the "extra" class. Differs in crystal transparency and complete absence of a smell.
Lemon- vodka with a pronounced smell of lemon, overwhelming the taste of alcohol. Thanks to this feature, women really like it, the fortress is standard.
Kuban- in addition to water and alcohol, there are other additives in the composition: citric acid, orange and sugar syrup. Kuban vodka has a mild, slightly bitter taste and a pronounced aroma of citrus fruits. Fortress - 40%.
Siberian- traditional Russian vodka, produced according to standard technology, has a high alcohol content - 45%.
Anniversary- refers to varieties of strong vodka, as it has a high alcohol content - 45%.
Strong- the name speaks for itself. This vodka contains 56% alcohol. Drinking it is advised only to those who have previously consumed less alcohol-containing vodka, otherwise the consequences may be unpredictable. Do not treat "Strong" vodka to foreigners!
The strongest vodka in the world peppercorn- famous for a wide range of additives, the main of which is pepper. The alcohol content varies between 30-40%.
Extra- for the preparation of this type of vodka, ethyl alcohol is used, which has passed all stages of purification. Depending on the recipe, along with drinking water, other components that improve the taste can be added to the composition.
hunting- is not a classic vodka, as it has a high alcohol content - up to 56%.
Canteen- experts attribute this vodka to the highest grades. It is distinguished by a high degree of purification and a mild taste, the fortress is standard.
In addition to the above varieties, there are others: "Petrovskaya", "Festive", "Russian", "Zubrovka". They do not have distinctive features, the difference is only in the name.
From time to time, new varieties of vodka appear in Russia. For example, "Gold of Russia", "Imperial", "For three", "Kalashnikov", "Olympus" and "Smirnov". In their production, the most modern technologies are used (so the manufacturers assure). But it is too early to talk about the popularity of these varieties.
To begin with, let's decide on the measurement of the fortress. The fortress is now measured in volume percent or "volume degrees" - this is the ratio of the volume of anhydrous alcohol in the drink to the volume of the entire drink multiplied by 100. That is, for vodka with a strength of 40% vol. the number 40 was obtained from the ratio of 0.2 to 0.5 liters (we take a half liter bottle) multiplied by 100.
Stronger drinks are often more expensive. This is understandable, because alcohol is always more expensive than water. But that doesn't mean they are better. The fact is that the more alcohol in the drink, the worse the aromas, flavors and nuances are revealed. But for every drink, of course, there is a fan.
The fortress is a matter of taste, both the buyer and the manufacturer. It's not that it's difficult to produce a drink with a strength of 70 degrees, the problem is who is not afraid to drink it and find a special taste in it to come back and buy it again. After all, vodka, and in principle any drink in general, is not difficult to make stronger or weaker.
Absinthe
The strongest alcoholic drink. It is made with a strength of 55 to 80 degrees. Most often come across bottles up to 65% vol.In the XIX - early XX centuries, absinthe was an extremely dangerous drink, it contained an extremely high amount of thujone - a hallucinogenic substance found in wormwood. It is this herb that plays a major role in the production of absinthe. Nowadays, the content of thujone is legally limited. In Europe, 35 mg/kg has been allowed since 2008; absinthe with a thujone content of up to 10 mg/kg can be imported into the USA. The green fairy of poets of the late 19th century contained up to 200 mg/kg of thujone.
Absinthe with a small content of thujone is not hallucinogenic, but because of its high strength, it can cause a strong hangover and, in general, harm the body.
Whiskey
Most often we buy whiskey with a strength of 38-40% vol. It is brought to this fortress after aging in barrels and blending with distilled water. But there is such a thing as barrel-strength whiskey, the label will say: Straight from the Cask or Cask strength. This means that the whiskey was bottled without diluting with water, with the strength that was obtained naturally during the aging process. Usually it is 50-60% vol. Cask-strength bottles are more expensive than watered down whiskey, and are produced in relatively small quantities.
Bourbon
Bourbon is also much stronger than the usual 40 degrees. Barrel strength will be referred to as barrel proof on the label. And you can find more high-strength bourbons than classic scotch. The fact is that bourbon is not aged for as long as it is necessary for Scotch whiskey; other, new barrels are used for it. In them, the aging process is faster, but they give a somewhat rougher taste than barrels that have already been in use. Therefore, for bourbon, 8-9 years of aging is a lot, and for Scotch whiskey, it’s not a long time at all.Barrel-strength bourbons are available from many brands. For example, in the popular Jim Beam - 7-year-old Baker's reaches a strength of 53.5%, and Booker's - bottled at 61-63%, can withstand it for up to 8 years. At 50% ABV, a 9 year old Knob Creek is bottled, while Wild Turkey's 12 year old can be 58% ABV. Sometimes the strength of bourbons can even reach 80%.
Rum
The weakest rum is Cuban. Its strength usually does not exceed 40 degrees. But other rum-producing countries make it much stronger. So, in Puerto Rico and Barbados, the drink is driven up to 57 degrees. And Jamaicans and Trinidadians start at 48%.
The Austrians do not lag behind their Latin American counterparts, who make "Shtro" - spicy rum with a strength of 40 to 80 degrees.Gin
Grain distillate, distilled with the addition of juniper berries, other spices are also allowed. Gin should be at least 37.5% abv, there is no upper bar, but usually everything ends up at 47%.
There are several varieties of gin, but Plymouth gin was the strongest. It can only be produced in the city of Plymouth. At the beginning of the 19th century, Plymouth gin was supplied to the Navy and was at least 57% ABV. It was believed that with such a fortress, it was not scary to spill gin on gunpowder - it would still burn.
Rat wine
It is prepared in China. To prepare a drink, newborn rats that have not yet opened their eyes are poured with rice vodka. The infusion is soaked for a whole year. After the strength of the drink reaches 57 degrees.
spanish vodka
The strongest Spanish alcoholic drink is called El aguardiente, which means "fire water" or "burning water". This distillate, like grappa or french marc, is made from grape pomace, pits, and other waste from wine production. It can be aged or infused with different herbs and coffee beans. The strength of the Spanish distillate reaches 80 degrees.devil water
This American vodka is banned in 30 states. It is made from corn or wheat alcohol and is 95 percent ABV.
Dedicated to those who drank it and survived to this day ... 
Golden autumn, 1 rub. 15 kopecks. - "Zosya"
Vasisubani, 2 rubles 00 kopecks. - "With Vasya in the bath"
Port wine 777, 3 rubles 40 kopecks - "Three axes", "Logging"
Bile mitzneh, 1 rub. 70 kopecks. - "Biomycin" 
Import substitution, it turns out, was relevant in the days of the Soviet Union. 
Vermouth, 1 rub. 50 kop. - "Vera Mikhailovna", "Vermouth"
Aroma of gardens, 1 rub. 80 kop. - "Fragrance of backsides"
Autumn garden, 1 rub. 70 kop. - "Fruit-profitable"
Port wine 33, 2 rub. 15 kopecks - "33 misfortunes" 
Rkatsiteli, 2 rubles. 50 kopecks - "Doggy style to the target"
Caucasus, 2 rubles 50 kopecks - "The Beggar in the Mountains"
Anapa, 2 rubles 30 kopecks. - "Sunstroke"
Fruit wine, 1 rub. 30 kopecks - "Tears of Michurin"
The most legendary "chatter" of the USSR 
Port wine "AGDAM", alcohol 19 vol.%, price 2 rubles. 60 kopecks, - as soon as they didn’t call it - “Like ladies”, “Agdam Bukharyan”, “Agdam Zaduryan”, etc., etc.
This infernal mixture of fermented grape juice, sugar and potato alcohol in the country of victorious socialism was drunk by all the homeless, students, and academicians.
Agdamych completed his victorious march across the expanses of the country only in the 90s after the destruction of the cognac factory in the town of Agdam, the most famous city of Azerbaijan, which is now completely wiped off the face of the earth ... 
At the request of workers in the alcohol field:
Dessert drink "Volga Dawns", fortress 12% vol., sugar-24%, price - 1 rub. 15 kopecks - a glorious representative of the Soviet "Shmurdyaks".
As a rule, this "dessert" was tried only once, because. the second time, the urge to vomit began at the very first mention. 
“Natural herbal tincture with tonic properties” is the long name on the label of another legendary drink of the 70s, Abu Simbel Balsam.
Capacity 0.83 l., fortress 30 degrees, price - 5 rubles. 80 kop.
As we, students of primary courses, were enlightened in the Tallinn hostel by experienced senior students: “Abu” is the best “boot-layer”.
The cork, they taught, must be opened very carefully so as not to damage it, and the bottle must not be thrown away in any case: after emptying, you need to pour ordinary port wine into it, carefully cork it, and - everything is ready for the next romantic date! 
And finally, one of the main "gifts" of N.S. Khrushchev to the Soviet people - the wine of Algeria, which, with the light hand of domestic "winemakers", turned into "Solntsedar", "Algerian" and "Pink Vermouth".
The people who survived, having tasted this muck, dubbed it “ink”, “paint for fences”, “insecticide”, etc., etc., but nevertheless, almost 5 million deciliters of this swill came to the Union by tankers, which with difficulty steamed after draining in the village of Solntsedar near Gelendzhik. It was all about the price: "Alzhirskoye" - 14% and 65 kopecks !!!, "Solntsedar" - 20% and 1 rub. 25 kopecks!
A 3-liter jar of Solntsedar for 8 rubles 80 kopecks is my first alcoholic experience with my 8th grade friends in Moscow, it is simply impossible to find decent words to describe the state of the next day.
The Solntsedar, which became a symbol of the era of stagnation, harvested its deadly harvest in the vastness of the USSR until 1985, when Gorbachev, who went down in the history of the country's wine consumption as the Mineral Secretary, began the fight against drunkenness and alcoholism. 
"Moscow special vodka"
0.5 l, 40%, price 60 rubles 10 kopecks,
Dishes 50 kopecks, cork 5 kopecks. 1944 - "Kitch"
"Vodka" 0.5 l, 40%, price 3 rub. 62 kop.
1970 - "Crankshaft"
"Vodka" 0.5 l, 40%, price 4 rubles 70 kopecks.
1982 - "Andropovka",
she, - "First Grader" (released in early September),
she, - "Yurkin's dawns" (according to the film)
Vodka "Russian" 0.33l, 40%,
I don’t remember the price, in a Pepsi bottle - Raiska
(in honor of the wife of the "Mineral Secretary of the CPSU" Gorbachev)
Vodka "Russian" 0.1 l, 40% - "Yogurt of the homeless"
I don't remember the price. 
Vodka "Strong" ("Krepkaya-Strong"), 0.5 l, ABV 56%.
This very rare vodka of the USSR period, with a strength of 56%. sold mainly to foreigners. The legend about its appearance is associated with the name of Stalin: they say, the leader, who had a weakness for polar explorers, asked them at one of the receptions what they drink during the winter, to which they replied: alcohol diluted to the strength of the parallel, on which they the moment of consumption is at the Pole - 90%, Salekhard - 72%, etc., and already at the next Kremlin reception on the occasion of the award, Stalin treated the conquerors of the North with specially prepared vodka with a strength of 56%, which corresponded to the geographical latitude of Moscow. 
Peppers are not only for colds!
And we went with her together, as if on a cloud,
And we came with her to Beijing hand in hand,
She drank Durso, and I drank Pepper
For the Soviet family, exemplary!”
After these lines, Alexander Galich simply does not want to tritely comment on this one of the most popular tinctures of the USSR, therefore, only the facts from the labels:
Bitter tincture "Pepper", 0.5 l, 1991,
35%, the price with the cost of dishes is 8 rubles 00 kopecks.
"Ukrainian horilka with pepper", 0.7 l, 1961,
40%, the price with the cost of dishes is 4 rubles. 40 kop.
There was still in the USSR Tincture "Pepper", 30%, has been produced since 1932, but for more than 30 years of collecting, I never came across a single bottle of it, because it was not just an infusion of different varieties of allspice and the first a remedy for a cold, but also a real holiday for all drinking citizens of the country of the Soviets. 
And the port is Taribana. This is death. It was impossible to break the bottle with anything, 0.8l were imported, non-standard bottles, they were not accepted. 
Classic 90s)
The variety of alcohol exceeds consumer demand. Various types and strengths of vodka are available on all continents. If in other countries people are accustomed to in the form of cocktails, then in Russia they drink in kind.
Russian alcohol
On Russian shelves you can find several domestic types of vodka, with a strength of more than 40 degrees. They do not possess a distinctive feature from the main drink.
Ouzo is an aniseed Greek vodka, more precisely, brandy with an anise extract. Usually has a fortress up to 50 degrees.
"Whiskey" - translated from Scottish means "living water". Scotch whiskey is called "Scotch". It, in turn, is also divided into 3 names.
The mulberry alcoholic drink is not made somewhere overseas, but in the neighborhood - in the Transcaucasus. First, they prepare the well-known mash, but only with the addition of white and black berries - mulberry, which is why the name is mulberry. And the strength of this drink is not less than 75 degrees.
Doctors do not recommend drinking alcohol in large quantities and on an ongoing basis, having a strength of more than 40 degrees. It has been scientifically proven that a person can handle the strength of the drink up to 40 degrees. If these indicators are exceeded, the liver cannot cope with the processing of poisons and begins to be reborn. Liver cells die and can no longer cope with the task.
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