For his eleventh son, the richest tea merchant Petr Kononovich Botkin considered a failure. His older children showed great hopes for the continuation of their father's business, played a prominent role in the social and cultural life of the capital, and this boy could not learn to read until he was 9 years old. The stern father predicted for him the unenviable future of a soldier. However, then it turned out that Seryozha simply does not distinguish between letters due to severe astigmatism, a disease in which a person does not clearly see lines. Having corrected the boy's eyesight, he was sent to one of the best Moscow boarding houses.
There, his teachers were the famous collector of fairy tales A. N. Afanasiev and mathematician Y.K.Davidov, who later headed the department of Moscow University. Under his influence, Sergei began to show excellent success in mathematics and was going to enter the mathematical faculty of the university. However, a decree Nicholas I, which forbade "persons of non-noble rank", which included the merchants Botkin, to study at any faculties of the university, except for medical. So Russia found one of its most outstanding therapists.
Scientist and educator
Sergei Botkin graduated with honors, but the real school of life began for him in the Crimean War, where he worked side by side with N. I. Pirogov and earned the high praise of the great surgeon. Work in the field conditions left a heavy impression on him, primarily because of the dishonesty of military officials. The book "Images of Great Surgeons" describes the conditions in which Pirogov and his team had to fight for the rights of patients. “We took meat by weight in the kitchen, sealed the cauldrons so that it was impossible to pull out the voluminous contents from it,” nevertheless, nevertheless, our broth did not succeed: we found it possible, even with such supervision, to deprive the patients of their legitimate portion, ”- bitterly recalled Sergei Petrovich.
Returning from the Crimea, he trained in Berlin, Vienna, Paris, devoting all his time to scientific research. Botkin's interests at this time concentrated on physiological and microscopic studies, he published two important papers on blood and completed his doctoral dissertation on the absorption of fat in the intestines.
curious
The fate of one of the sons of Sergei Petrovich Botkin - Evgeny is noteworthy. He followed in the footsteps of his father, also became a doctor, and in 1908 he was invited to the post of medical doctor of Nicholas II. After the abdication of the king from the throne, Botkin Jr. refused to leave the royal family, went into exile with her, and in 1918, along with all its members, was shot by the Bolsheviks.Immediately after defending his dissertation in St. Petersburg, Sergei Petrovich was invited to the therapeutic clinic of the Medico-Surgical Academy, where he set up a clinical laboratory with the latest medical science, one of the first in Europe. Many doctors sought to work in it and attend Botkin's classes and clinical reviews. In 1861 he became head of the clinic.
Sergei Petrovich at that time worked from 8 am to 1 am, taking breaks for only one hour of lunch, one hour of rest and half an hour for cello exercises, which he loved very much. He devoted the whole evening and part of the night to preparing for classes with students the next day. Soon a school of the best clinicians of that time was formed around Botkin.
The peculiarity of the Botkin method was in an attentive and multifaceted approach to the patient. He advised starting with a detailed physical examination of the patient, only then asking him about subjective sensations and complaints - and then bringing everything together. Botkin laid the foundations for a natural-scientific approach to medical practice, arguing that "knowledge of physics, chemistry, natural sciences, with the widest possible general education, constitutes the best preparatory school in the study of scientific practical medicine."
doctor and christian
The glory of Dr. Botkin as a wonderful doctor and diagnostician thundered throughout Russia. Many patients sought to get to see him. Nekrasov dedicated to the doctor one of the chapters of his poem "To whom in Russia it is good to live." Botkin treated Saltykov-Shchedrin saving from death for twelve years.
In his activities, Sergei Petrovich clearly followed Christian principles: on his initiative, medical complexes for the poorest population were opened in the capital, and then in other cities. They consisted of an outpatient clinic and a hospital, and treatment was free of charge. For Botkin, there were no important or unimportant patients. Equally responsibly, he treated both members of the imperial family (in 1873 Sergei Petrovich became a life doctor), and unknown patients in the city's "contagious barracks."
In these barracks, disinfection chambers were installed by his care, and the first "ambulance" was created to transport infectious patients. In 1886, Botkin was elected an honorary trustee of all city hospitals and almshouses, and he made radical improvements everywhere.
Just one misdiagnosis
Throughout his life, Botkin was engaged in scientific research with great persistence. His works on the pathology of biliary colic, on heart disease, on typhoid fever, typhus and relapsing fever, on the mobile kidney, on changes in the spleen in various diseases, on gastrointestinal catarrhs, laid the foundations for a new therapeutic treatment. In 1888, he substantiated his point of view on the disease, later named after him - he proved the infectious nature of jaundice, focused on liver damage.
In the last year of his life, he developed the problem of old age, although he himself did not manage to live up to it - he died when he was only 57 years old. Work without rest undermined his strength. Sergei Petrovich began to develop heart disease, which intensified after the death of his beloved son. It was then that Botkin made the only wrong diagnosis - to himself: he stubbornly believed that he was suffering from hepatic colic. The students insisted that he listen to his heart with a stethoscope, but he soon removed the instrument, saying, "Yes, the noise is quite sharp!" And he didn't want to change his mind. In 1889, as the newspapers wrote, "death took from this world its most implacable enemy."
Sergei Petrovich Botkin
Botkin Sergei Petrovich (09/05/1832-12/12/1889), Russian doctor, scientist and public figure, after graduating from the medical faculty in 1855 Moscow University trained in clinics in Germany, France and Austria (1855-60). During the Crimean War of 1853-56 he worked in the Bakhchisarai field infirmary under the guidance of N. I. Pirogov. From 1860 Botkin was a professor at the Medico-Surgical Academy, from 1872 he was a medical doctor. Alexander II. Author of many works on the clinic and pathogenesis of diseases of the cardiovascular system, infectious diseases and anemia.
In 1862 and 1874, Botkin organized clinical experimental laboratories, where for the first time in Russia research was carried out on clinical pharmacology and experimental therapy. Botkin is the founder of field therapy and the founder of the largest school of Russian clinicians. In 1878-89 Botkin - Chairman of the Society of Russian Doctors, a member of 43 Russian and foreign institutions and scientific societies. In 1882, on his initiative, the Alexander Barracks Hospital was opened in St. Petersburg. Botkin is the founder of the periodical Epidemiological Leaflet (in 1866), the weekly Clinical Newspaper (1881-89), and other medical publications.
V. A. Fedorov
BOTKIN Sergey Petrovich, Russian general practitioner, founder of the physiological. directions of scientific clinical medicine, one of the founders of military field therapy and military medical affairs in Russian. army, public figure. In 1855 he graduated from medical school. fak. Moscow university; from 1861 to 1889 - prof. therapeutic clinics Medico-surgical. (Military Medical) Academy in St. Petersburg; in 1872 he was elected an academician. Participated in the military. campaigns: in 1855 - in the Crimean War (he served under the leadership of N. I. Pirogov as an intern at the Simferopol hospital); in 1877 - in Russian-tour. war (Chief Physician and Consultant Top, Commander-in-Chief). In the military therapy B. explored the relationship of diseases of soldiers with the peculiarities of their life, studied the effect of shell shock on the occurrence of internal. diseases. The incidence of military personnel B. considered as a kind of military. losses. He paid great attention to the organization of military medical. service, transportation and evacuation of the wounded and sick, training and distribution of military medical. personnel, considered mandatory possession of methods therapeutic. and surgical. treatment in the field. Defending the principle of free treatment, he achieved the opening of free outpatient clinics and hospitals (now the S.P. Botkin hospitals in Moscow and Leningrad). From 1878 to 1889 before. Society of Russian doctors. B. - the author of a number of theoretical. works on medicine, including military.
E. A. Rumyantsev.
Materials of the Soviet military encyclopedia are used. Volume 1: A - Bureau of Military Commissars. 640 p., 1976.
Botkin Sergey Petrovich, general practitioner, one of the founders of the clinic of internal diseases as a scientific discipline in Russia, the founder of military field therapy and military sanitary affairs in the Russian army. After graduating from the medical faculty of Moscow University (1855), during the Crimean War of 1853-1856 he worked in the Simferopol hospital (1855) and the Bakhchisarai infirmary under the direction of N. I. Pirogov. In December 1855 sent to Berlin, Paris, Vienna to improve in medicine. In 1860, having returned to Russia, he entered the St. Petersburg Medical and Surgical (later Military Medical) Academy as an adjunct professor of a therapeutic clinic, and in 1861 he was appointed its head professor and remained so until the end of his life. In 1860-1861 he organized a clinical experimental laboratory, where for the first time in Russia research was carried out on clinical pharmacology and experimental (93) therapy. In 1866 he was a member of the Medical Council of the Academy, and in 1869 he was a member of the Military Medical Scientific Committee. In 1872, he became the first Russian doctor to become a life physician, that is, the personal doctor of Alexander II. During the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-1878, Botkin was the chief consultant-therapist at the headquarters of the Russian army.
Botkin - the founder of a new direction in medicine - nervism, established the infectious nature of viral hepatitis ("catarrhal jaundice"), investigated and described one of the types of infectious jaundice (Botkin's disease), the creator of military field therapy. He paid much attention to the organization of the military medical service, the evacuation of the wounded and sick, and methods of treatment in the field. In 1880, on his initiative, a free hospital was opened (now a hospital named after him in Moscow), an institute for sanitary doctors was introduced, and women's medical courses were opened in 1872. In 1886 he headed a commission to work out measures to improve Russia in connection with the high morbidity and mortality of the population. Botkin published the Archive of Clinical Internal Diseases of Prof. S. P. Botkin "(1869-1889) and" Weekly Clinical Newspaper "(1881-1889), was a member of the St. Petersburg City Duma, chairman of the hospital commission - head of medical affairs in the capital. In 1878-1889 he was chairman of the St. Petersburg Society of Physicians.
Used materials of the book: Military Encyclopedic Dictionary. M., 1986.
Read further:
Russia in the first years of the XX century (chronological table).
Botkin Evgeny Sergeevich (1865-1918), medical doctor in 1905-1918, son of Sergei Petrovich.
Compositions:
The course of the clinic of internal diseases and clinical lectures. T. 1-2. M., 1950;
Letters to S.P. Botkin from Bulgaria 1877. St. Petersburg, 1893.
Literature:
Borodulin F.R.S.P. Botkin and neurogenic theory of medicine. Ed. 2nd. M., 1953;
Nilov E.S. Botkin. M., 1966;
Farber V. B. Sergei Petrovich Botkin (1832-1889). L., 1948;
Smagin G. A. S. P. Botkin and issues of military therapy. - “Military-med. journal”, 1960, No. 1.
- Doctors of the Past
Botkin, Sergei Petrovich
Sergei Botkin was born on September 17, 1832 in Moscow, into a merchant family engaged in the tea trade. In 1855 he graduated from the Moscow University medical faculty. Then he participated in the Crimean company - he went with a sanitary detachment to the Crimea, where he was lucky to work under the leadership of N.I. Pirogov, the great surgeon. Work in a military hospital gave Botkin the necessary skills. Then Sergei Petrovich worked in St. Petersburg, in the clinic of therapy of the Medico-Surgical Academy. In 1861, the 29-year-old scientist received the title of professor and led the clinic of the academy for almost three decades.
To study the problems of scientific medicine and physiology, in 1860-1861 he created the first experimental laboratory in Russia at his clinic, where tests were carried out, the effect of drugs on the body was studied. Botkin was one of the first to prove the need for an individual approach to each patient, taking into account the characteristics of his age, anatomy, the state of the nervous system, and living conditions.
He was one of the first to notice that the disease affects the entire body through the nervous system. His views were picked up by leading doctors, so they talk about Botkin as the creator of the Russian scientific medical school.
Botkin combined scientific activity with public. With his participation in 1872, the first women's medical courses were opened in St. Petersburg.
Together with the physiologist I.M. Sechenov, he was the first in Russia to provide women doctors with the opportunity to work in the department that he led. In 1861, at his clinic, he opened the first free dispensary; thanks to his perseverance, the first free hospitals for the poor appeared in St. Petersburg and other cities.
On his initiative, a free Alexander Hospital was built, which now bears his name. Thousands of patients could say that they were healed by the wonderful doctor Botkin. Dozens of scientists were proud, calling themselves his students. In 1873, Botkin became a medical doctor.
During the Russian-Turkish war, he sought to improve the living conditions of soldiers and the work of hospitals. ON THE. Nekrasov dedicated to him one of the chapters of his poem "To whom it is good to live in Russia."
The great Russian doctor Sergei Petrovich Botkin died on December 24, 1889 in the French city of Menton.
S.P. Botkin was a participant in the Crimean War (1853-1856). He developed a first aid system, determined the stages of evacuation of the wounded from the battlefield, formulated the main provisions for anti-epidemiological measures.
Particular attention in his writings on military field medicine was given to the hygiene and nutrition of soldiers, the organization of their life. Sergei Petrovich Botkin was sure that he was the only true military doctor who perfectly knows the life of his wards and is aware of what diseases they most often suffer from.
The concept of military field medicine
Botkin's disease
Sergey Petrovich foresaw the mechanisms of development of this pathology. He was the first to suggest its viral nature, outlined the methods of infection, proved its danger to the liver and the body as a whole, and highlighted the importance of hygiene.
Sergei Petrovich Botkin stood at the origins of the creation of an epidemiological scientific society, the purpose of which was to prevent infectious diseases. It united healers and educators, published the Epidemic Leaflet. As part of the community's work, Botkin studied the epidemics of plague, cholera, typhoid, smallpox, diphtheria, and scarlet fever.
Epidemiological Scientific Society
Contribution to women's medical education
We owe to Sergei Petrovich Botkin:
- using a thermometer;
- taking tests;
- sanitary and epidemiological service;
- free medicine;
- the emergence of female doctors;
- Crimean resorts;
- the concept of "velvet season", when after the empress, who came to the Crimea in the fall, secular ladies in velvet dresses reached out.
Main scientific works
- "On the absorption of fat in the intestines" (1860);
- "The course of the clinic of internal diseases". Issue 1-3. (1867-1875);
- "On the mobility of the kidneys" (1884);
- Graves' disease and a weary heart (1885);
- “Clinical lectures by S.P. Botkin. Issue 1-3. (1887-1888).
Contribution to the development of medicine
- Founder of the largest therapeutic school(45 out of 106 students of S.P. Botkin headed clinical departments in various cities of Russia, 85 defended dissertations for the degree of Doctor of Medicine. Among his students are I.P. Pavlov, A.G. Polotebnov, V.G. Lashkevich, N.Ya.Chistovich, V.P.Obraztsov, V.N.Sirotinin, V.A.Manassein, I.I.Molesson, N.P.Simanovsky, N.A.Vinogradov, etc.)
- In 1860-1861. organized first clinical experimental laboratory, where the first Russian studies on clinical pharmacology and experimental therapy were carried out.
- First in the history of national science carried out fruitful union of medicine and physiology. He widely introduced physical and chemical research methods into the clinic.
- Created a new direction in medicine, called I.P. Pavlov nervism. In his views, he proceeded from the understanding of the organism as a whole, which is inextricably linked with its environment and controlled by the nervous system. He considered the nervous system the main carrier of the unity of the body.
- First described the clinical picture of infectious hepatitis ("Botkin's disease" ), recognizing it as a common infectious disease. He contributed a lot to the study of rheumatism, cardiovascular diseases, diseases of the kidneys, lungs, typhus, typhoid fever and relapsing fever.
- In the clinic of S.P. Botkin, after a thorough scientific development, for the first time, oxygen therapy was used for diseases of the lungs, bronchi and nervous systems s.
- Together with students established the participation of the spleen in the deposition of blood(1875), which was later confirmed by the experiments of the English physiologist J. Barcroft.
- Significantly supplemented the description of the Graves' disease clinic(named after the German doctor Bazedov, who described it in 1840). Author of the neurogenic theory of the pathogenesis of Graves' disease.
- Dal comprehensive description of the clinic of the mobile kidney and scientifically substantiated the method of its recognition. Revealed the difference between nephritis and nephrosis.
- He was the first to describe lobar pneumonia in detail, its etiology and pathogenesis.
- One of the founders of military field therapy.
- He expressed the thesis about the existence of physiological mechanisms in the body that give it the ability to fight diseases.
- Together with students studied the effect of drugs in experiment and clinic(foxglove, lily of the valley, adonis, potassium salts, etc.).
- S.P. Botkin considered medicine as "the science of preventing diseases and treating the patient."
- was active public figure. In 1878 he was elected chairman of the Society of Russian Doctors, remaining in this post until the last days of his life. Contributed to the founding in 1872 of women's medical courses.
- Initiator of the organization of free medical care "for the poor classes", the construction of the Alexander barracks hospital in St. Petersburg, which has become exemplary in medical and scientific terms.
- In 1880 he began to publish " Weekly Clinical Newspaper».
- In 1882, as chairman of the Subcommittee on School and Sanitary Supervision in City Schools successfully organized the fight against a severe epidemic of diphtheria and scarlet fever.
On the topic: "Sergei Petrovich Botkin"
Introduction
Biography
Contribution to medicine
References
Introduction
In Leningrad, in front of the building of the Military Medical Academy, there is a monument: on a granite pedestal is the figure of an elderly man in an old-fashioned frock coat. The man is not tall, but broad-shouldered, he slightly spread his legs, put his hands behind his back, in thought bowed his head with a large wise forehead to his chest. When in 1908 the sculptor V. A. Beklemishev completed work on the monument to Professor Sergei Petrovich Botkin, many students and associates of the remarkable doctor and scientist were still alive. They well remembered this pose, so successfully captured by the sculptor...
The old doctor had just finished examining the patient. He questioned him for a long time, delving into every detail of life and illness. Then he listened, tapped his chest with short, senile, but surprisingly sensitive fingers, and, rising from his chair, fell into thought. He weighs the facts, compares them, mentally argues with himself. Now a lot depends on him: health, happiness, and maybe the life of the patient. The diagnosis - the conclusion about the disease - must be accurate. The doctor has no room for error. This great concern of the healer for the patient and the strict demands of the natural scientist on himself were very successfully conveyed by the talented sculptor.
Thousands of patients could say that they were healed by the wonderful doctor Sergei Petrovich Botkin (1832-1889). Dozens of scientists proudly called themselves his students. As a man of great soul and as a public figure, Botkin was highly valued by M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin, and N.A. Nekrasov dedicated one of the chapters of his poem "Who Lives Well in Russia" to him.
Biography
Sergei Petrovich Botkin comes from a merchant family that traded in tea. As a child, I wanted to become a mathematician, but by the time I entered the university, Emperor Nicholas issued a decree that allowed free access for non-nobles only to the medical faculty. He studied at the Faculty of Medicine of Moscow University with famous professors - physiologist I. T. Glebov, pathologist A. I. Polunin, surgeon F. I. Inozemtsev, therapist I. V. Varvinsky. During his studies, he became closely acquainted with his fellow student I.M. Sechenov, during their stay abroad after graduation from the university, these relations grew into a close friendship. In the summer of 1854 he participated in the elimination of the cholera epidemic in Moscow. In 1855 he graduated from the university, received the title of "doctor with honors." In the same year, he participated in the Crimean campaign under the command of N.I. Pirogov as an intern at the Simferopol hospital. Already during this period, S.P. Botkin developed the concept of military medicine and the proper nutrition of soldiers. He received extensive training in various areas of medicine abroad: at the clinic of Professor Hirsch in Königsberg, at the Pathological Institute with R. Wikhov in Würzburg and Berlin, at the Goppe-Seyler laboratory, at the clinic of the famous therapist L. Traube, neuropathologist Romberg, syphilidologist Berensprung in Berlin , with the physiologist K. Ludwig and the clinician Oppolzer in Vienna, in England, as well as in the laboratory of the experimental physiologist K. Bernard, in the clinics of Barthez, Buchou, Trusseau and others in Paris. The first works of Botkin appear in the Virchow Archive.
At the end of 1859, Yakubovich, Botkin, Sechenov, Bokkers and Jung were invited to the therapy clinic of the Medico-Surgical Academy (St. Petersburg). On August 10, 1860, Botkin moved to St. Petersburg, defended his thesis for the degree of Doctor of Medicine on the topic: “On the absorption of fat in the intestines” and was appointed acting adjunct at a therapeutic clinic headed by Professor P. D. Shipulinsky. Soon the relationship between Botkin and Shipulinsky deteriorated, and the latter was forced to resign. However, the conference of the academy did not want to transfer the leadership of the clinic to the talented Botkin, only a letter from students and doctors allowed him to take the vacant position in 1861, and at the age of 29 he received the title of professor.
S. P. Botkin was elected to the Department of Faculty Therapy at the age of 28 and headed it for 30 years. Botkin's daily routine was as follows: he arrived at the clinic at 10 am, from 11 o'clock chemical and microscopic studies carried out by students and young doctors began, as well as research work with undergraduates, from 13 o'clock he lectured to students, after the lecture followed rounds and examinations of outpatients, from 17:00 to 19:00 - evening rounds of the clinic, from 19:00 to 21:00 - lectures for associate professors, to which everyone was allowed. After that, Botkin returned home, where he ate dinner and prepared for the next day, but after 12 o'clock at night he paid attention to his favorite thing - playing the cello.
Contribution to medicine
* For many centuries, doctors have mostly acted according to the established tradition: if once a medicine helped one patient, then in all such cases the same medicine was prescribed to others. Doctors did not think about the fact that the body of each person has its own characteristics and, therefore, the same disease occurs in one patient differently than in another.
Botkin was one of the first to prove that each patient must be approached individually, taking into account the characteristics of age, anatomical structure, the state of the nervous system, and living conditions.
Botkin believed that in order for the help of a doctor to be reasonable and effective, he must be engaged not only in medicine, but also in other natural sciences.
Sergey Petrovich outlined his views on various issues of medicine in three issues of the Course of Clinics of Internal Diseases, published in 1867, 1868 and 1875, and 35 lectures, which were recorded and published by his students. In his judgments, Botkin accepted the organism as a single whole, inextricably linked with its environment. He said that this connection is expressed, first of all, in the exchange of substances between the environment and the organism, by adapting the organism to the environment. Thanks to the ongoing exchange, the organism lives and remains independent in relation to the environment, and thanks to the process of adaptation, it forms new properties in itself, which are then inherited. Studying the discoveries of Botkin, you understand that they are clear even to a person who knows nothing about medicine. It was Sergey Petrovich who said that all diseases are from nerves. Today this is an indisputable fact, but then it had to be proved. He paid great attention to the problems of the nerve centers of the body. Many of his guesses were later proven by physiologists. Botkin said that one should not attach so little importance to the nervous system in the interpretation of pathologies in internal diseases. In his opinion, nothing affects the functioning of the heart like the nervous system. All diseases, he believed, are in one way or another connected with the influence of the external environment, acting directly on the diseased organism, or through its immediate or distant parents. Studying the conditions of life, work and nutrition of sick people, Sergei Petrovich formulated the main goals of Russian medicine: "The main and essential tasks of practical medicine are the prevention of disease, the treatment of an advanced disease, and, finally, the alleviation of the suffering of a sick person." The most important thing he considered the prevention of the disease.
Developing the theory of I. M. Sechenov that the anatomical and physiological substrate of all acts of human activity is the reflex mechanism, he spoke out that all pathological processes inside the human body develop along reflex nerve pathways. Since, in the reflex act, the main role is assigned to any node of the nervous system, Sergei Petrovich paid great attention to the study of the brain.
Back in 1861, he opened the first free dispensary. In 1875, a center of reflex effects on the spleen was discovered and concluded that there were centers of hematopoiesis and lymph circulation. He presented the significance of all these centers in the formation of the corresponding diseases, thereby proving the correctness of the neurogenic theory of pathogenesis. Taking this theory as a basis, Sergei Petrovich began to formulate a new theory of treatment, by influencing the course of the disease through the nerve centers, but did not have time to fully develop it.
Back in 1861, he opened the first free dispensary. In 1880, when Botkin was elected chairman of the Society of Russian Doctors, through his efforts a free hospital for the poor was opened in St. Petersburg, now the hospital named after. S. P. Botkin. It operated a laboratory where clinical observations were carried out. Sergei Petrovich spared neither his strength nor the money that, as the trustee of the hospital, the city allocated to him. Newspapers wrote about him as a sensitive and cordial clinician, showing concern for the suffering of his native land.
Botkin owns many discoveries in the field of medicine. He was the first to speak about the specificity of protein structure in organs; was the first to develop the diagnosis of a "wandering" and lowered kidney.
You can list all the merits of this great man endlessly, but it is necessary to mention that Botkin was an ardent supporter of women's rights to receive higher medical education. In 1872, the first medical courses for women were opened, and Sergei Petrovich was happy to provide women with the opportunity to work in his department. How many women professors, doctors of medical sciences today!
Women, endowed by nature with mercy and a desire to help, have made a huge contribution to science. And all this thanks to the efforts of Sergei Petrovich Botkin.
To study the problems of scientific medicine and physiology, Botkin created at his clinic in 1860-1861. the first experimental laboratory in Russia. Various analyzes were made here, the effect of drugs on the body was studied, and observations were made on animals.
Science owes Botkin and other major discoveries. In the early days of microbiology, he argued that the disease known as jaundice was caused by microorganisms. This prediction came true: scientists have recently found the causative agent of infectious jaundice, which is now called Botkin's disease.
Botkin made many remarkable predictions. In his lectures, he expressed, for example, his confidence that special centers would be found in the human brain that control hematopoiesis, the secretion of sweat, the regulation of heat, etc. Now the existence of such centers has been proven.
The scientist did a lot to organize free medical care for the poor. In 1861, he opened the first free dispensary at his clinic. Thanks to Botkin's perseverance, in the early 1980s, the first free hospitals for the poorest population appeared in St. Petersburg and other cities.
Botkin was deeply worried about the causes of high mortality in tsarist Russia. He repeatedly drew the attention of the government to the need to improve the sanitary condition of the country.
With his work, Sergei Petrovich earned a lot of money, but he did not know their price. He always financially helped those in need. A sensitive friend of Botkin was his wife, who, understanding the importance of her husband's work, was not only an ideal wife for him, but also a wonderful mother of his children. But in 1873, Anastasia Alexandrovna's acute anemia destroyed family happiness and took the life of a beautiful woman. But, despite the pain of loss, Sergei Petrovich continued to work hard. After some time, he again married E. A. Mordvinova, nee Princess Obolenskaya. At the same time, Sergei Petrovich received the post of life physician of His Majesty. But the great doctor was bored with treating the imperial family, and he again began to open free hospitals, invent new methods of treatment, work, work and work.
On November 11, 1889, Sergei Petrovich Botkin, the greatest man who raised more than a hundred students, died of coronary heart disease. But death did not stop the work of his life. His children and students continue to fight terrible diseases in the hope of ever gaining a complete victory.
Bibliography
White-headed N. A. S. P. Botkin, his life and medical practice. - St. Petersburg, 1892.
B. V. Gaidar, Yu. V. Lobzin, V. I. Mazurov, etc. Sergei Petrovich Botkin on the occasion of his 175th birthday. / Ed. B. V. Gaidar. - St. Petersburg: Man and health, 2007. - 128 p.
Union of Philosophy and Medicine. / Ed. N. N. Blokhina, A. N. Kalyagin. - Irkutsk: RIO GOU VPO IGMU Roszdrav, 2009. - 112 p.
Loading...