Almost every day we eat foods made from plants that contain deadly poisons. Many of us believe that nothing can be healthier than fruits and vegetables, but sometimes we are unaware of the hidden threat that lurks in them. Of course, most of the time we don't have to worry, but there have been cases of people accidentally killing themselves by eating the poisonous part of a plant or fruit. Here are 10 fruits and vegetables to be careful with.
(Total 10 photos)
1. Almonds.
Almonds are considered a dry fruit, not a nut as many people think. It has a unique taste and is one of the most popular ingredients in desserts and other dishes.
The most fragrant is the bitter almond, which contains poisonous cyanide. This is why bitter almonds are usually processed to remove the poison. In addition, heating also destroys the poison.
In some countries, such as New Zealand, the sale of bitter almonds is prohibited by law.
Cashews are seeds, not nuts, that grow from the fruit or "apple" of the cashew.
Cashews that are sold in the store are not raw and are steamed beforehand. This is because raw cashews contain the substance urushiol, which can also be found in the poison ivy plant and can cause allergy symptoms.
Consuming large amounts of urushiol can be fatal. Although cashew poisoning is rare, workers who peel the nut often experience unwanted side effects such as skin irritation.
3. Cherry. cherry pits
Cherries, as well as apricots, peaches, and plums, contain cyanide in their pits. If you gnaw, chew, or otherwise damage the bone, then you expose yourself to hydrogen cyanide.
Of course, if you swallow a few seeds, nothing bad will happen, since our body can handle a certain amount of cyanide, but in large quantities it can be dangerous.
Symptoms of mild poisoning include headache, dizziness, confusion, anxiety, and vomiting. In high doses, it can lead to breathing difficulties, increased blood pressure and heart rate, and kidney failure, even death.
4. Asparagus.
Asparagus is a vegetable that produces fruit, which, by the way, is poisonous. The fact is that a vegetable is, as a rule, the edible part of a plant, which can be leaves, stem or root.
Asparagus has long been used as a vegetable and medicinal product due to its pleasant taste and diuretic properties. The fruit is a small red berry 6-10 mm in diameter, which is poisonous to humans.
5. Tomatoes. green tomatoes
An interesting fact: in the US, tomatoes are considered vegetables, while in the rest of the world they are considered a fruit, or rather, a berry. The reason for this was a tax on vegetables, but not fruits.
The leaves and stems of tomatoes contain a substance called a glycoalkaloid, which can cause extreme nervousness, headaches, and indigestion. There is also a certain amount of this substance in green tomatoes, but usually it is not much.
6. Nutmeg.
Nutmeg contains the psychoactive substance myristicin. Too much of this substance can cause vomiting, sweating, dizziness, hallucinations, and headache.
However, don't worry. The amount used in cooking is not enough to cause any of these symptoms. Recently, however, teenagers have been using nutmeg as a light drug, which often has not very good consequences.
7. Mushrooms. Edible and poisonous mushrooms
Mushrooms are considered a delicacy in many countries around the world where they are grown commercially. But, as you know, there is a family of poisonous mushrooms.
Many believe that there are clear signs of poisonous mushrooms, such as a ring on the stalk, an unpleasant odor, and bright coloring. However, the only sure way to distinguish an edible mushroom from a poisonous one is to know and understand mushrooms well.
Signs of mushroom poisoning may appear after 1-2 hours, sometimes after 8-12 hours, and include abdominal pain, vomiting, nausea, and diarrhea. You can also get poisoned by poorly cooked and spoiled edible mushrooms.
8. Chocolate.
Although chocolate is not poisonous to humans, the ingredient theobromine found in chocolate is dangerous to dogs and cats. Just 40 grams can cause serious poisoning in them, so do not leave chocolate sweets in a place accessible to your pets.
Despite the fact that the dose of theobromine contained in chocolate is too small to cause unwanted effects, some older people do not tolerate chocolate well.
9. Green potatoes
The potato is one of the most common vegetables in the world. Like tomatoes, potatoes contain glycoalkaloids in their stems and leaves. The tubers themselves are only safe to eat if they have not turned green and sprouted.
Green potatoes contain solanine, which appears when exposed to ultraviolet light.
When consuming a large amount of solanine, signs of poisoning may appear: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and in severe cases lead to coma and even death. That is why potatoes should be stored in a cool, dark place.
10. Apples. apple seeds
Apple seeds, like cherries and almonds, contain cyanide in small doses. However, to cause symptoms of poisoning, you need to eat a large amount of seeds.
If you accidentally swallow a few seeds whole, this will not affect your health, as our body can handle a small amount of cyanide. However, chewing the seeds makes them more dangerous, especially for children and pets, for whom a smaller dose of this substance is sufficient.
Cherry is a culture loved by all, which can be consumed both fresh and preparing jam, compotes, tinctures from it. Cherry pits are most often disposed of as unnecessary, but many adherents of alternative medicine believe that the kernels have medicinal properties.
Benefit
What are the benefits and harms of cherry seeds for the body? They have no less medicinal properties than those of grapes and apricots. Medicines based on them are often used in the treatment of various diseases. Oil obtained from cherry kernels is often used for cosmetic purposes to care for and restore aging skin.
Application in alternative medicine
The cherry tree belongs to the Rosaceae family. This is one of the most common garden plants, the fruits of which include a huge amount of vitamins, minerals, organic acids and other useful compounds. Folk healers have long prepared all kinds of remedies from cherry nucleoli for the treatment of many diseases.
Preparations prepared according to ancient recipes have the following properties:
- relieve inflammation;
- restore metabolic processes;
- stimulate the excretion of urine.
Most often, on their basis, they invent tools that are used in therapy:
- intestinal disorders;
- inflammation of the joints;
- gout;
- kidney stones;
- disorders of uric acid metabolism;
- type 2 diabetes;
- colds and flu;
- inflammation of the lungs;
- anemia;
- beriberi;
- pathologies of the heart and blood vessels;
- diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
In addition to kernels, bark, leaves, roots, and fruits of the plant are also used in recipes..
Infusion
Cherry bones include vitamins, oils, enzymes, vegetable protein and other compounds. Due to its healing properties, grated kernels are often used to make infusions, which additionally add other natural ingredients.
It is believed that a powder obtained from dried cherry kernels will help with sexual weakness. For this, folk healers recommend using it 5 g three times a day, for 7 days.
An infusion of kernels can be prepared as an independent remedy, or combined with other ingredients. You can add honey, medicinal plants, berries of other crops to it.
Such drugs are often used to treat:
- joint damage;
- gout;
- kidney stones;
- uric acid diathesis.
In addition, such a decoction is used for hypokalemia, hyponatremia, as well as a lack of magnesium and calcium in the body.
Recipes
- For the treatment of diarrhea, you can prepare an infusion according to the following recipe. For cooking, you need 1 teaspoon of crushed seeds and 1 cup of boiling water. The kernels are poured with water, kept for a quarter of an hour and filtered. The resulting decoction is consumed 2 teaspoons three times a day..
- To eliminate gout, cherry seed is often mixed with medicinal herbs, such as calamus. For 6 teaspoons of grated cherry nucleoli - a glass of dried calamus and 3 liters of boiling water. The broth is kept for a quarter of an hour, filtered and used for foot baths.
- You can prepare an infusion of stalks and pits of cherries. This will require 5 g of each component, as well as a glass of water. All ingredients are crushed into powder, poured with boiling water, kept for half an hour. The resulting broth is filtered and consumed 2 teaspoons 4 times a day. Such a drink is used for gouty arthritis and uric acid diathesis.
- With renal colic, the following recipe may help. For cooking, you need 2 teaspoons of crushed cherry kernels, 1 g of fennel seeds, 0.5 liters of water. Fennel is ground, mixed with seed powder, poured with boiling water and infused for 30 minutes.. The infusion is consumed 1-2 tablespoons four times a day.
Butter
Oil obtained from cherry kernels has been used since ancient times. Such a tool does not contain toxic compounds and includes only useful substances - vitamin A, tocopherol, antioxidants, polyunsaturated acids, which create a kind of barrier on the skin, and also reduce the effect of ultraviolet radiation.
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In addition, the product stimulates the formation of prostaglandins, which increase the pain threshold, and also promotes the regeneration of cellular structures.
Kernel oil has the following properties for the skin:
- protects from ultraviolet radiation;
- softens and moisturizes;
- nourishes the cells
- increases elasticity;
- whitens;
- rejuvenates;
- protects lips from dryness;
- prevents the formation of cancer cells.
The oil is used both in its pure form and in combination with other skin care products.
To get rid of acne, you should wipe the problem areas once or twice a day with a cotton pad dipped in cherry oil.
If you use oil inside, you can prevent an increase in cholesterol, improve the functioning of the heart and blood vessels.
In addition, the solution is often used for the following diseases:
- diabetes;
- pneumonia;
- colds;
- inflammation of the joints;
- hepatic disorders;
- gastrointestinal pathologies;
- diseases of the pancreas;
- inflammation of the musculoskeletal system.
In addition, due to the large amount of vitamin B9 and iron in its composition, the product is used to improve blood composition and treat anemia.
Recipes
- In the treatment of gout, the following method is used. For 1 teaspoon of oil, you need 1 small beetroot. Beets are pre-boiled, peeled, mashed and mixed with an oil solution. The resulting remedy should be eaten 20-30 g twice a day.
- The following recipe will help cure anemia, colds, and improve heart function. For 5 g of oil - one medium carrot. Fresh carrots are peeled, chopped on a fine grater, oil is added. The resulting remedy must be eaten in a tablespoon three times a day.
- You can eliminate chronic constipation by trying the following composition. For 1 teaspoon of oil solution - a glass of kefir. The components are combined, heated in a water bath, and consumed 200 g in the evening before bedtime.
Dried cherry kernels can be used to fill a homemade pillow, which is useful for all occasions. Such heating pads are used as a cold and hot compress to eliminate swelling and pain..
To prevent rotting of the nucleoli in the pillow, as well as the formation of hydrocyanic acid, the bones are pre-boiled in water with the addition of a small amount of vinegar and dried in an oven.
The pillow is used:
- to eliminate acute pain symptoms in the head;
- to reduce elevated body temperature;
- to relieve cough;
- with swelling;
- with abrasions and muscle strain;
- with cramps and colic in the abdomen;
- to relieve fatigue;
- as a sedative;
- to speed up the sleep of the baby;
- for the development of fine motor skills.
Such an orthopedic pillow can be used in everyday life, replacing it with your usual sleeping pillow.
How to use
The finished pillow can be heated in the oven for 4-5 minutes at a temperature of 150 ° C, or 2-3 minutes in the microwave. In addition, it can be heated on a hot battery for 30-40 minutes. A hot compress is applied to the affected areas for 5-10 minutes..
The pillow can be used as a cold compress to help activate local circulation, relieve pain from arthritis and knee inflammation, and relieve swelling.
The pillow is placed in the freezer for a few minutes and used for its intended purpose..
There is an opinion that cherry pits stimulate the immune system. To do this, dry kernels are scattered on the floor and walk on them barefoot for 10-15 minutes. This therapeutic foot massage stimulates the body's natural defenses and helps to avoid frequent colds.
Harm
Despite the obvious benefits of the berry, it can be dangerous, especially its kernel. Due to the poisonous substance amygdalin contained in them, a dangerous glycoside, their intake in large quantities can cause irreparable harm to a person.
Eating bones is dangerous: they contain amygdalin glycoside, which is formed into hydrocyanic acid, which can cause death.
This substance gives a bitter taste to the kernels. Cherry stone contains 0.8% of this compound. Inadvertently swallowing a few nucleoli, you can not seriously harm your health. Dangerous for human life, especially for children, can be the use of a large number of nuclei. Approximately 4-5 hours after they are swallowed, gastric juice interacts with amygdalin, which leads to the formation of glucose and hydrocyanic acid, which, in turn, can become toxic to humans.
Hydrocyanic acid inhibits tissue respiration, causing a lack of energy. Subsequently, this can adversely affect the functioning of the spleen, as well as cause serious damage to the central nervous system.
Fresh cherry pits are especially harmful. Under the influence of heat treatment, hydrocyanic acid almost completely disappears, which is why cherry nucleoli are used without fear as part of tinctures, jams, compotes.
Symptoms of poisoning are:
- dizziness;
- gag reflexes;
- nausea;
- spasms in the head.
In case of severe intoxication, convulsive seizures, blue integuments may occur, the patient may lose consciousness. Threatening symptoms can also be:
- bitterness and dryness in the mouth;
- severe salivation;
- increased heart rate and respiration;
- speech disorders;
- pupil dilation.
In these cases, the patient needs urgent medical attention. Before the arrival of doctors, the victim must immediately perform a gastric lavage, provoking gag reflexes.
Death can result from the use of more than 50 nucleoli of cherries.
If you accidentally swallow a cherry seed, you should not panic: most likely, it will not have time to have a toxic effect on a person, leaving the body naturally.
Cherry can be safely called one of the best plants "tamed" by man. Of course, someone loves strawberries or cherries more - this is a matter of taste, but probably no one will refuse fresh cherries, as well as cherry jam or compote ... but the production of these wonderful berry preserves is associated with a fair amount of trouble: from each the berries must be removed from the bone, and this is not easy - after all, the cherry is much smaller than the same plum, so it is best to use not a knife, but a special tool, and it still takes a lot of time ...
Is it possible to do without such difficulties - to take and cook compote or jam with seeds? Of course, this will create certain inconveniences when using them, guests will have to serve special rosettes - but they eat fresh cherries, and the bones do not scare anyone, what is worse than berries from compote or jam?
Nevertheless, many advise removing the bones - and not only because they can choke (this happens especially often with children whom kind grandmothers love to treat with compote and jam), but if you still prepared such canned berries, eat them within a year , and if not eaten, then it is better to throw them away.
The concern is amygdalin, a cyanide compound that, during a chemical hydrolysis reaction, turns into hydrocyanic acid. This substance is not as deadly as its salts (for example, potassium cyanide, which every now and then someone swallows in spy novels), but still it is a poison, and a very dangerous one. With mild poisoning, it tickles in the throat, dizziness, salivation and vomiting are observed, and a feeling of fear may arise. Severe poisoning is manifested by convulsions, loss of consciousness and even paralysis of the respiratory center, which can lead to death. Of course, this happens more often with those who deal with this substance in large quantities - for example, with exterminators who do not follow safety precautions (hydrocyanic acid is used to kill insects), but during digestion, hydrocyanic acid can be formed in the digestive tract from amygdalin . Of course, it all depends on the dose, if you accidentally swallowed one cherry stone, nothing bad will happen, but if the child ate a lot of cherries with stones, a dose sufficient for at least mild poisoning may well be formed.
The chemical reaction that converts amygdalin to hydrocyanic acid can also occur under the influence of enzymes contained in the cherry stones themselves. This is exactly what happens if compote or pitted cherry jam is stored for more than a year. Hydrocyanic acid will accumulate in canned food - and enter your body when you eat jam or drink compote. Of course, do not eat a lethal dose, but it is better not to risk it.
Here it is necessary to make a reservation: there is a danger or not, depends on how you preserve the cherry. If you boiled the compote or warmed it up in jars for a long time before rolling, nothing bad will happen: the amygdalin has collapsed. If you used the method of pouring three times with hot syrup, which does not involve prolonged heating, compote with seeds can be dangerous a year later. As for tinctures and liqueurs made from cherries with stones, they become dangerous in any case.
Let's try to figure out in order what effect hydrocyanic acid has on the body, its properties and precautionary methods.
Hydrocyanic acid in combination with compounds represent a group of cyanides, which are natural insecticides. This substance is able to protect plants from harmful insects and microorganisms. Cyanides are found in many edible and inedible fruits and leaves of plants. By itself, the substance has no color, and tastes like bitter almonds. Hydrocyanic acid is a highly toxic substance of high volatility and low density.
In the bones of fruit trees, it occurs naturally and is part of low-toxic glycosides as long as the seeds are dry and intact. If these conditions are violated, chemical reactions begin to occur that contribute to the release of hydrocyanic acid.
Moisture that affects fruit seeds: cherries, plums, apricots, mountain ash, apples, almonds, forms hydrocyanic acid. Since all of the above plants are rosaceous, they contain glycosides that release a toxic substance.
Grapes, for example, do not belong to this family, so it does not tend to release hydrocyanic acid, and wines are made from grapes, and from all fruits containing a strong acid in the whole, the drink will be poisonous.
What plants contain hydrocyanic acid
Probably everyone is interested in how much hydrocyanic acid is present in each of the fruits. So, its specific gravity in these "poisonous" fruits is as follows:
- Almonds - up to 3%
- Apricot - from 1 to 1.8%
- Peach - 2-3%
- Plum - 0.96%
- Cherry - 0.82%
- Sweet cherry - 0.8%
- Apple tree - 0.6%
Thus, the apple tree will interfere with the least concentrated content of the toxic substance, therefore, it can be poisoned much less often than, for example, almonds.
What dose is lethal to the body
According to scientists and the results of long-term experiments, it was possible to find out that the human body and the body of warm-blooded animals are more susceptible to the effects of this substance. in the body of cold-blooded creatures, its compounds are destroyed naturally and do not lead to poisoning.
Scientists were able to find out that the lethal or most dangerous dose of poison can be the use of bitter almonds in the amount of 40 grams if you eat more than 100 apricot kernels, or 60 grams of those kernels that contain amygdalin.
If we translate these data into a pure hydrocyanic acid concentrate, then it is most dangerous when consumed from 1 mg per kilogram.
Do not forget that cooked wine from fruits and berries that have not been separated from the seeds is very dangerous, it can cause not only acute poisoning, but also lead to death.
If we talk about compotes and jams, things are different. With a high concentration of sugar in these dishes, hydrocyanic acid is neutralized, since it is its antidote.
With an excessive concentration of this substance (from 0.24 to 0.97 mg per liter), intoxication of this substance occurs in the human body, causing acute poisoning.
In case of poisoning as a result of the use of apricot kernels or other seeds, an energy decline occurs and the function of the respiratory tract is disturbed. This negatively affects the work of the central nervous system, especially the brain.
Lack of energy greatly affects the functioning of the nervous system, which leads to a change in the structure of its cells. It also happens that poisoning and death occurs regardless of the saturation of oxygen in the blood. This is evidenced by the pleasant reddish color of the skin of victims of poisoning in a fatal outcome.
Poisoning sushi and rolls
Energy starvation of the brain occurs due to the action of the poison, which stimulates the release of blood cells from the spleen. Scientists say that this process occurs due to a reflex effect on the spleen. Simply put, the body mistakenly believes that the lack of energy occurs due to lack of oxygen, so it tries to restore homeostasis on its own.
Nevertheless, the rest of the organs and systems of the body are quite coping with their functions. As practice shows, after opening the bodies of people poisoned by hydrocyanic acid, there is no change in the functioning of the heart, liver, kidneys, which cannot be said about disorders of the nervous system. if the poison acts in the body for a long time, then later changes occur in the work of the heart and other organs due to the formation of oxygen starvation.
The accumulation of oxygen in the blood leads to a violation of blood pressure. In addition, if severe poisoning occurs, venous blood becomes externally similar to arterial blood, that is, it acquires a scarlet hue.
Although hydrocyanic acid is not a strongly acidic substance, it is capable of reacting with many compounds present in the body. But, given that these reactions do not develop so quickly, and the process of the effect of the poison on the body occurs very quickly, a person may die.
Summing up, it is worth saying that the kernels of rosaceae should not be eaten. Compotes and jams are best prepared from pitted berries and fruits. An exception is grapes, which are used to make wine whole, since their pits do not contain hydrocyanic acid.
Such very simple precautions will help maintain your health and the health of those close to you.
Hydrocyanic acid is a potent toxic substance of toxic action. The pungent smell is reminiscent of the bitterness of almonds. Density, which changes upon coming into contact with reagents. The mechanism of action of SC has been studied in great detail. This toxic substance, getting into the tissue causes oxygen starvation. But there is a lot of oxygen in the blood. HCN reacts well with oxidized iron.
Hydrocyanic acid is a potent poison
Therefore, the action of a toxic substance on the enzymes of the respiratory system, which includes ferric iron, causes inactivation of tissue respiration, which leads to the development of tissue hypoxia. It is also known that cyanides lead to hypoxia, and act on the central nervous system.
Hydrocyanic acid is a gaseous and colorless liquid, the density of which is 0.699, with a characteristic low boiling point. The acid has an almond smell. This density is due to the fact that this toxic substance, reacting, becomes a liquid or acquires a gaseous form. In gaseous form, there is an almond smell. It easily combines with water and organic solvents.
With a temperature regime of over 13 degrees, it turns into a hardened fibrous - crystalline form with no smell. Cyanide enters the body through the air when a person inhales its vapors. The main mechanism of entry is inhalation. SC belongs to the type of potent toxic substances. In nature, hydrocyanic acid (hydrocyanic acid) does not occur in free form. Therefore, SC poisoning occurs under the mechanism of chemical reactions. These include:
- Amygdalin. It is found in the stones of: peaches, cherries, plums, apricots, in the families of bitter almonds;
- Prunazine. Found in Pennsylvania cherry;
- Durrin. Contained in millet, and the combustion of celluloid forms hydrocyanic acid. It is present in cigarette smoke.
SA content in plants and seeds of various fruits
Almond contains 2% amygdalin
This natural formation is part of the glycosides. By themselves, they are less toxic as long as they are whole. Only the mechanism of transformations is broken, hydrocyanic acid is released. At high humidity, hydrocyanic acid is formed in the pits of fruits: peaches, apricots, pears, cherries, plums, bird cherry. But not in grapes. Its whole berries can be used to make wine.
With the above fruits, it is dangerous to do so. Almond contains 2% amygdalin. The toxic substance itself is found in bitter varieties of nuts. Therefore, it easily breaks down into sugar and hydrogen cyanide. It is recommended to use after appropriate heat treatment, and children should not. The dose that can lead to the death of a child is 10 pcs., For adults - more than 50 pcs.
Almonds contain much more hydrocyanic acid than apricot, cherry or apple fruits. The percentage of amygdalin in peach families is 3%, in bird cherry - 6%. Prussic acid is absent in peach seed oil. It is pleasant in smell and taste. And the stone is much more dangerous than in apricot, bird cherry and cherry. 1.8% is found in apricot kernels. It is not recommended to consume more than ten nucleoli, this can lead to poisoning of the body.
In sweet varieties, there is little hydrogen cyanide, because they are practically safe. Cherry pit contains - 0.8%. Jam with a bone is not dangerous, since amygdalin is destroyed during high heat treatment. The seeds of apples contain the least poisonous substance. But it is better to extract the seeds in order to avoid poisoning, especially in children.
The percentage, amygdalin in peach families is 3%
Not only for beauty, a person fell in love with bird cherry. Bird cherry belongs to the Rosaceae family. Its fruits have astringent properties and a wonderful smell. Bird cherry bark is used for fever and rheumatism, leaves - for diseases of the respiratory system and lungs, eye lotions are prepared from bird cherry color. But in reality, this plant contains hydrocyanic acid, except for the fruits. Therefore, compote with bird cherry is recommended, only as a strengthening drink.
Bird cherry should not be consumed by pregnant women; this will adversely affect the baby. Do not give in large quantities to children, as excessive consumption will lead to toxic poisoning of the body with hydrocyanic acid. A pleasant smell during the flowering period of lilac and bird cherry also releases hydrocyanic acid. SC (hydrocyanic acid) is a fast-acting poisonous substance.
Frozen fruits with berries should be stored for no more than a year. Since during long-term storage, the mechanism of destruction of amygdalin occurs, which contributes to the release of hydrocyanic acid. It is also released during rapid defrosting.
The poison penetrates the mucous membrane, gastrointestinal tract, open wounds with cuts. In case of vapor poisoning, a bitter taste is felt in the oral cavity, slight nausea and headache are noted. Shortness of breath appears, a person begins to panic and loses consciousness. Poisoning with a large dose leads to death.
At the first symptoms of toxic stone poisoning: cherries, pears, almonds, bird cherry, you should immediately provide first aid and call an ambulance. At the initial stages, it is easier to stop intoxication. The more severe the degree of toxic poisoning, the more dangerous it is for the body.
Bird cherry seeds contain 6% amygdalin
A significant amount of poisoning (SC) occurs at manufacturing enterprises. There, its salts are used to make plastics, rubber, aromatic substances, herbicides and other things. The mechanism for manufacturing such products is dangerous for an unprotected human body. Hydrocyanic acid has a specific smell, which is extremely dangerous for humans.
Symptoms of Hydrocyanide Poisoning
Signs of poisoning are observed if the poison is ingested. That is, inhaling its vapors or, the skin was affected. The rapid impact of the toxin on the body depends on the route of entry and the manifestation of the clinical picture. A severe degree occurs if the poison has entered the respiratory system. Symptoms appear instantly. At a high content, death occurs almost immediately.
When it enters the esophagus, the acid "lurks" and does not make itself felt for some time. Intoxication occurs even more slowly and more severely if the poisoning occurs through the tissues of the skin. Active physical activity, elevated room temperature will lead to profuse sweating, and the latent period will last up to an hour and a half.
At high doses of hydrocyanic acid, a person loses consciousness
The main signs of SC poisoning
- The mucous membrane and skin of a person are painted in a bright pink color. The smell of almond bitterness prevails.
- Abundant salivation, accompanied by perspiration, bitterness in the mouth and a specific taste of metal.
- The digestive system reacts to poisoning with increased urge to vomit and nausea.
- Cardiac system. The pulse quickens with the appearance of severe pain in the chest. In the last stages, tachycardia is replaced by rapid breathing and a slow pulse.
- Respiratory system. Here there is frequent breathing with obvious signs of arrhythmia.
- Nervous system. At this stage, numbness of the mouth occurs, incoherent speech, headache, and violation of the rhetoric of movements appear. The pupils dilate with complete loss of consciousness. As a result, convulsions, involuntary urination, coma and death.
To determine the degree of damage to the SC, it is possible according to the signs:
- sudden onset of symptoms of a lesion;
- clear and rapid development of the clinical picture;
- in the inhaled air smell of bitter almonds;
- bright red color of the skin and mucous membranes;
- dilated pupils.
SC lesions are similar to other toxic and toxic substances that provoke the development of seizures (Fov lesions, carbon monoxide poisoning). The smell of acid triggers the action of the poison, which endangers the human body.
In case of hydrocyanic acid poisoning, the skin becomes red, and the mucous membranes become bluish.
Lethal dose for humans
It fluctuates within 50 mg, it is:
- about a hundred apricot seeds;
- 30 gr. bitter almonds;
- 50 cherry and peach kernels;
- 200 apple seeds.
The action of hydrogen cyanide destroys not only the gastrointestinal tract, but also: kidneys, liver, heart. Sugar is the antidote.
First aid to the victim
As soon as the first symptoms appear, the person must be laid horizontally, in order to avoid the spread of poison throughout the body and body. If the poison has entered the esophagus, rinse the stomach, induce vomiting. It is called in a person who is conscious. To do this, you need three glasses of water with the addition of 3 teaspoons per glass. Next, gastric lavage with milk diluted with boiled water.
An excellent effect on the body will have a weak solution of potassium permanganate with activated charcoal. They are antidotes. If there are signs of clinical death, then immediately carry out resuscitation actions for the arrival of emergency help. If the toxin gets on the skin, carefully remove clothes and wipe the affected areas with soapy water, without smearing it all over the body! Otherwise, the poison suction action will have a haste effect. Hydrogen cyanide is poison. And the wrong help will lead to death.
List of antidotes used in case of poisoning. These include:
- baking soda;
- sugar;
- Activated carbon;
- camphor;
- a couple of vinegar.
Timely first aid helps to neutralize toxic substances and prevents complications.
Therapeutic measures for SC poisoning
An antidote is used to treat
SC antidotes are divided into groups that, in reaction with HCN, neutralize the toxic substance. The use of methemoglobin began based on the main mechanism of action of SC. Because oxidized iron is in the methemoglobin molecule, and hydrogen cyanide, reacting with it, forms cyanmethemoglobin. Methemoglobin is converted with the help of nitrites.
Their antidote action occurs by inhalation using two ampoules of 0.5 ml of amyl nitrite, intravenously - one percent sodium nitrite (30 ml). An overdose of these drugs is very dangerous and leads to vascular insufficiency. Therefore, it is necessary not to exceed the permissible norms, and if it is necessary to continue antidote treatment, then use other antidotes.
Methemoglobin formers do not cleanse the body of the toxin, but temporarily block cyanogen. Therefore, nitrites are used in conjunction with other SK antidotes to avoid relapse of intoxication. Antidote therapy is carried out jointly: first, nitrites, then - hyposulfite with a chromosome. They have a slow action, but completely remove the poison.
Resuscitation
Tracheal intubation is performed, followed by artificial ventilation of the lungs. Hydrocyanic acid poisoning provokes the development of Parkinson's disease and disruption of the cerebellum.
Action of acid during freezing. Frozen fruits with berries should be stored for no more than a year. Since during long-term storage, the mechanism of destruction of amygdalin occurs, which contributes to the release of hydrocyanic acid. It is also released during rapid defrosting.
Prevention
In order not to become a victim of poisoning and not be at risk, it is necessary in a timely manner:
- constantly ventilate the room where work with toxins was carried out;
- follow the safety instructions;
- observe personal hygiene;
- regular monitoring of the level of toxic substances;
- check equipment for serviceability.
Each person should be informed about first aid methods for hydrocyanic acid poisoning. The use of hydrocyanic acid at home leads to irreversible consequences. It is important to know that hydrocyanic acid, which has entered the body in small doses, is neutralized naturally. Therefore, the clinical picture of poisoning does not appear.
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