An ancient Indian plucked string musical instrument. It is called Saraswati Vina, named after Saraswati, the goddess of knowledge and arts. Has the shape. The sound of the wine is soft, rich in nuances. Its inventor is considered to be Narada, the son of Brahma. The most ancient explanations of its types are found in Soma, the author of the musical composition “Raghavibada”. Images of the so-called Bengal wine are found on the walls of pagodas.
A concert instrument that is also used as an accompaniment to vocal music and classical dance. The player holds the instrument like a . It is considered a difficult instrument to learn and requires many years of practice.
Device
Option #1:
The body of the instrument is hollowed out from a piece of solid stained wood and has a flat top. The neck is made from the same wood. The pumpkin resonator is attached to the neck at the bottom of the neck. The neck is crowned with the downward curved head of a fantastic dragon. The melody is played on 4 main strings, and 3 side strings are used for chords. The melody is played using 24 frets, and the instrument itself has a range of 3.5 octaves.
Option #2:
The body of the wine consists of a thick, long bamboo stick, 10 centimeters in diameter, with seven metal strings stretched. Near the ends of this stick, on the side opposite to that on which the strings are stretched, two large dried gourds are attached for resonance. The player shortens the strings with his left hand, and plucks the sounds with his right hand. The strings are tuned to produce an A major chord within the minor and major octaves.
Newest type of wine
The newest type of this instrument is the vina, or, more precisely, the bina of Benares. Its length is 62 centimeters. This instrument is shaped like a , with one gourd attached near the top of the instrument. There are 11 strings in a bin. In Delhi, there are also small wines with three strings. On all these instruments the player can produce a chromatic scale. V. is used by Brahmins to accompany singing at funerals and marriage celebrations. V. is described in detail by Fetis in “Histoire generale de la musique”. It is also mentioned in W. Jones, Asiatic Researches, and in De la Fage, Histoire de la musique.
Video: Wine on video + sound
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Rudra wine
The oldest instrument in Hindustani music, dating back to the 6th century AD, is the Rudra Vina. There is also evidence of a certain bottle-shaped Wine that preceded it, which was born around 500 BC. Thus we can say that the Rudra Veena and its predecessor instrument have been dominant in Indian classical music for two thousand years. According to legend, Rudra Vina was created by God Shiva at the moment of his contemplation of his beautiful wife Goddess Parvati. The more popular instrument today, the sitar, was developed from the Rudra Veena much later, around the 14th century.
Today's Rudra Veena by design, it is a bamboo tube empty inside, to which two large dried pumpkins are attached, playing the role of resonators. A bamboo bar is typically 22 inches long and 2 and a half inches wide. There are 19 to 24 fixed metal frets on the neck. Rudra Veena has seven strings, 2 of which are rhythmic (chikari), one is designed to create drone (laraj) and 4 melodic, located on the frets. The strings are played using metal plectrums (mizrabs). Large gourd resonators create a deep vibrating sound that has a stunning extension over time and a strong meditative effect. The instrument has a range of four to five octaves, and is generally much lower in tone than its younger brother, the sitar. So wide the range allows the performer to express the nuances of the raga sound down to the smallest detail. In fact, today the Rudra Vina is practically the only lute instrument capable of reproducing the entire palette of the ancient Drupad musical style, recognized as the purest in Hindustani, similar to vocals. In the famous Dagar family clan, which has been performing Drupad for 17 generations (since the time of Tansen), there is an old tradition of also performing ragas on Rudra Veena. In fact, the style of playing Rudra Veena greatly influenced the vocal style of the Dagars.
The role of Rudra Veena in the history of Indian classical music is very important. It can be said that just as Drupad is the progenitor of all modern Hindustani styles (khayal, thumri, etc.), so Rudra Veena is the progenitor of all Indian lute instruments in Hindustani today. However, there are few musicians playing this instrument in India these days, perhaps because of its quiet sound, more suitable for meditative music and rhythmic sound than for demonstrating technical skill. However, Rudra Veena's sister, Saraswati Veena remains the dominant instrument in another style of Indian music, Carnatic, today.
A very important point about Rudra Veena is that this instrument has historically been the only tool used for the deep study of Nada Yoga (Yoga of Sound). Ascetic musicians and yogis, performing ragas on Rudra Vina, used it to tune their consciousness to special vibrations and achieve deep transcendental states. In the ancient manuscripts of India about Nada Yoga it is said that there are two types of sound - produced and unproduced. Produced sound can be generated by a musical instrument, while unproduced sound is the infinite vibration of the Universe, which can only be heard through years of meditation and attunement of the mind and soul. It is also said that despite the fact that the Rudra Veena belongs to the category of instruments that “produce” sound, in its heavy drone sound one can also catch this very infinite vibration of the Universe.
VINA, a group of Indian lute-type plucked string instruments. The South Indian wine (Carnatic tradition) has a hemispherical resonator body made of “noble” (black, rose) wood, a wide neck about 60 cm long with 24 frets, 5 main and 3 additional strings. The neck ends with a stylized dragon head. An additional resonator at the top of the neck is made of wood or dried pumpkin. The total length of the instrument is up to 135 cm. Tuning based on fixed frets allows you to perform a variety of ragas without rebuilding the instrument. Previously, a setting based on movable fastening of the frets was used; under her, the veena was rearranged for each raga. The pitch of the tonic is acoustically relative. Many techniques of sound production (for example, the technique of pitch nuances), described and classified in ancient treatises, determine the practice of playing music on wine to this day. In the instrumental music of South India, veena occupies a very important place. It inherited its modern appearance from the “Vina Saraswati” (named after the goddess Saraswati, the patroness of this instrument), which was invented by Muttuswami Dikshitar and introduced into practice by Tulaja (18th century).
North Indian wine - “bin” (Hindustani tradition) has 2 identical gourd resonators; combines the characteristics of a lute and a zither. It is inferior to Carnatic wine in terms of development of tradition and cultural significance.
Other instruments of the veena group: “rudra veena” (predecessor of “bin”, known since the 16th century), Hindustani “vichitra veena”, Carnatic “gottuvadyam”. In the 20th century, modernized varieties appeared.
Veena has long been used in classical music in India and throughout South Asia. The “kriti” compositions (the basis of the repertoire of modern South Indian Vina performers) are instrumental versions of the vocal “kriti” of the classics of Carnatic music (Tyagaraja, Muttuswami Dikshitar, Shyama Shastri, etc.). In Hindustani music, the instrument exists within the dhrupad tradition (as an accompanying instrument). Vina is also associated with dance and theater traditions that go back to ritual practice. All aspects of the tradition (from the details of the instrument’s design to the meaning of playing music on it) have a high degree of symbolization and mythologization.
Within the framework of South Indian regional styles, there are “schools”: Trivandrum (Bhagavatar family), Tanjur (Tyagaraja, Dikshitar, Adiyapaya, Malayappa Iyer families), Mysore (represented by one of the most prominent modern musicians Doreswami Iyengar), Andhra (Emani Shankar Shastri, Chitti Babu ).
In ancient treatises, the term "veena" denoted all South Asian stringed instruments.
Lit.: Deva V. Ch. Musical instruments of India. New Delhi, 1987; Lisova V.I. Modern tradition of performing South Indian wine // Traditions and modernity in Indian music. M., 1988. S. 109-114; Gorokhovik E. M. Musical culture of India. Minsk, 2005.
Vina (musical instrument) Vina (musical instrument)
Guilt- an ancient Indian plucked (plector) musical instrument used in the performance of Indian classical music. It is considered a difficult instrument to learn and requires many years of practice.
The instrument is shaped like a lute, and its shape varies depending on the specific configuration. The most common types of wine are:
- Rudra-veena (used in Hindustani music): a bulky instrument with two large resonators ( cabinets), made from a special type of gourd and connected by a neck with frets attached to it.
- Saraswati Veena (used in Karnataka music): has a resonator body and an additional gourd resonator attached to the neck.
- Vichitra-veena (in Hindustani music) or Chitra-veena (in Karnataka music): A fretless veena with two thumbs.
The most common model has 24 frets, 4 main strings passing through the fillet and 3 additional strings that do not pass through the fillet and are used for rhythmic accompaniment.
The Indian goddess Saraswati, considered the patroness of the arts, is often depicted holding a vina.
see also
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Links
- Veena (Indian musical instrument)- article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (3rd edition).
- (link unavailable since 06/14/2016 (1235 days)) // Riemann G. Musical Dictionary [Trans. with him. B.P. Jurgenson, add. rus. department]. - M.: DirectMedia Publishing, 2008. - CD-ROM.
Excerpt characterizing Vina (musical instrument)
Natasha would be able to tell the old countess alone in bed at night everything that she thought. Sonya, she knew, with her stern and integral gaze, either would not have understood anything, or would have been horrified by her confession. Natasha, alone with herself, tried to resolve what was tormenting her.“Did I die for the love of Prince Andrei or not? she asked herself and with a reassuring smile answered herself: What kind of fool am I that I ask this? What happened to me? Nothing. I didn't do anything, I didn't do anything to cause this. No one will know, and I will never see him again, she told herself. It became clear that nothing had happened, that there was nothing to repent of, that Prince Andrei could love me just like that. But what kind? Oh God, my God! Why isn’t he here?” Natasha calmed down for a moment, but then again some instinct told her that although all this was true and although nothing had happened, instinct told her that all the former purity of her love for Prince Andrey had perished. And again in her imagination she repeated her entire conversation with Kuragin and imagined the face, gestures and gentle smile of this handsome and brave man, while he shook her hand.
Anatol Kuragin lived in Moscow because his father sent him away from St. Petersburg, where he lived more than twenty thousand a year in money and the same amount in debts that creditors demanded from his father.
The father announced to his son that he was paying half of his debts for the last time; but only so that he would go to Moscow to the post of adjutant to the commander-in-chief, which he procured for him, and would finally try to make a good match there. He pointed him to Princess Marya and Julie Karagina.
Anatole agreed and went to Moscow, where he stayed with Pierre. Pierre accepted Anatole reluctantly at first, but then got used to him, sometimes went with him on his carousings and, under the pretext of a loan, gave him money.
Anatole, as Shinshin rightly said about him, since he arrived in Moscow, drove all the Moscow ladies crazy, especially because he neglected them and obviously preferred gypsies and French actresses to them, with the head of which, Mademoiselle Georges, as they said, he was in intimate relations. He did not miss a single revelry with Danilov and other merry fellows of Moscow, drank all night long, outdrinking everyone, and attended all the evenings and balls of high society. They talked about several of his intrigues with Moscow ladies, and at balls he courted some. But he did not get close to girls, especially rich brides, who for the most part were all bad, especially since Anatole, which no one knew except his closest friends, had been married two years ago. Two years ago, while his regiment was stationed in Poland, a poor Polish landowner forced Anatole to marry his daughter.
Vina (musical instrument)
| Guilt | |
Famous veena music artist Ashwathi Thirunal Rama Varma |
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| Wines on Wikimedia Commons | |
Guilt- an ancient Indian plucked (plector) musical instrument used in the performance of Indian classical music. It is considered a difficult instrument to learn and requires many years of practice.
The instrument is shaped like a lute, and its shape varies depending on the specific configuration. The most common types of wine are:
- Rudra-veena (used in Hindustani music): a bulky instrument with two large resonators ( cabinets), made from a special type of gourd and connected by a neck with frets attached to it.
- Saraswati Veena (used in Karnataka music): has a resonator body and an additional gourd resonator attached to the neck.
- Vichitra-veena (in Hindustani music) or Chitra-veena (in Karnataka music): A fretless veena with two thumbs.
The most common model has 24 frets, 4 main strings passing through the fillet and 3 additional strings that do not pass through the fillet and are used for rhythmic accompaniment.
The Indian goddess Saraswati, considered the patroness of the arts, is often depicted holding a vina.
see also
Links
- Guilt- article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia
- Guilt // Riemann G. Musical Dictionary [Trans. with him. B.P. Jurgenson, add. rus. department]. - M.: DirectMedia Publishing, 2008. - CD-ROM.
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.
See what “Vina (musical instrument)” is in other dictionaries:
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