People who grew up in the generation of the 90s of the last century, and even the early 2000s of this century, probably remember their childhood - a time that many now call happy. Communication on the Internet and mobile phones replaced letters sent by mail, computers replaced books and outdoor games, berries were eaten directly from the garden, and fruits from the tree, without caring at all about washing them first. However, unwashed berries, as it turned out later, is not the most “terrible” thing that a child (and an adult too!) Can eat today, because then food was not “stuffed” with solid chemistry, and berries and fruits ripened on their own and not under the influence of nitrates and pesticides.
Do you know that the average human life expectancy in Russia has increased over the past 30 years by 3 and a half years? Of course, in many ways, this happened due to the achievements of medicine, but people themselves began to take more care of their health, preferring to lead an active, healthy lifestyle and eat environmentally friendly products. It is on the topic of natural nutrition that a real “hysteria” has recently been observed: buyers prefer to visit an organic food store and overpay 1-2 dozen rubles for quality, rather than purchase dubious products on the market and people of incomprehensible nationality.
Brief business analysis:
Business setup costs:800,000-1,500,000 rubles
Relevant for cities with a population: from 50 000
Situation in the industry:supply market is not saturated
The complexity of organizing a business: 3/5
Payback: 1 to 2 years
What are organic products
And since the topic is in demand, I could not ignore it and not tell my readers about this profitable business idea. But first, let's try to determine the criteria by which a product can be classified as environmentally friendly. To begin with, it must be said that almost all of these products are vegetable or animal semi-finished products grown in natural conditions - in the beds or in the barns of farms. However, they can also be made using special technologies.
- First, such products must not contain GMOs- genetically modified organisms.
- Secondly, when growing no artificial fertilizers, nitrates, growth accelerators were used, and other chemical "stuffing".
- Such products do not contain food colorings, various flavoring additives, and preservatives. must have special license marks on the packaging"Organic", or be accompanied by relevant quality and control documents.
After you have a clear idea of what environmentally friendly products are, you can go directly to the description of the organization of such a business.
Premises and staff
As for the store staff, in addition to salespeople and consultants on products and healthy eating, the state will need a technical worker, a driver, an accountant - the usual staff for a regular store, except that this store will sell not quite the usual products that will be discussed in the next section.
Approximate assortment of goods
Let's try to "sketch" an approximate list of categories of goods that can be traded in such a store:
- Fresh fruits, vegetables, berries
- Jam, jams, marmalade
- Meat and meat products
- Fresh fish
- Various types of tea, herbal preparations
- natural vegetable oils
- Flour products, flour
- canned food
- Nuts, dried fruits
- Etc.
Of course, all products and semi-finished products must meet all the necessary requirements for environmentally friendly products. We have already clarified the content of these criteria.
Where and how to find product suppliers
Surely you have already guessed that most products should get to the counter directly, as they say, “from the garden”, i.e. from farms, village gardens, etc. It is there that you should first of all look for suppliers of products for your store.
To this we can add that it will be better if the suppliers are located in the same region. The shelf life of fresh organic products is a maximum of a few days (3-4), and the time spent on transportation, storage, and other logistics operations will inexorably shorten the product's sales period.
By the way, let me tell you a little secret: product suppliers are looking for distribution channels as hard as sellers of supply channels, so you should try to publish ads in local newspapers, city Internet portals, and just put up flyers in high traffic areas. Among those who responded, it will be necessary to hold a kind of competition on the subject of whose products more meet the necessary conditions - compliance with the rules, for example, growing cucumbers and tomatoes.
In addition, in the supply contracts that you will enter into with farmers. The conditions for the natural cultivation or manufacture of food products must be prescribed.
To control the quality of products sold, you can organize your own laboratory to conduct all the necessary research, but it will be somewhat "expensive" than concluding an agreement for the provision of such services with independent laboratories, for example, SES.
Natural cosmetics, household goods, etc.
How to organize an online store of organic products
Another option to increase your sales and make your store more famous is to create its "Internet twin". Actually, about how to open an online store, what form of taxation is best for running a virtual outlet, about
Title right
With complete confidence, only those products that have a certificate from one of the world's most recognized certifying organizations can be called ecological or organic.
Russian certification that you can trust - the badge "Leaf of Life" of the St. Petersburg Eco-Union. Of the foreign ones generally accepted on the Russian market, the most widespread are the EU Eurolist, the American USDA Organic, the Italian ICEA, private foreign certificates of the Demetra and Bioland systems.
If we talk about the differences between our and not our certificates, the Russian national standard for organic products has been adapted with international generally accepted standards and has minor differences. True, it came into force quite recently, only this year.
Certificate - quality assurance
The certificate mark on the product means that it is produced without pesticides, synthetic fertilizers, antibiotics, anabolic drugs, steroids, GMOs. To obtain such a certificate, the product, at every stage of its production - from the seed to the counter, is very strictly checked by the inspectors of the certification companies. Everything is very strict and everything can be checked: each batch of products has its own number, by which you can check the authenticity of the products by going to the website of the certifying company. It is necessary to confirm the certificate every year and only for a certain volume of products. Selling under the guise of organic products from a neighboring uncertified field will not work, the inspector will quickly find this out. They check everything - land, seeds, fertilizers, plant protection products, feed, animal conditions, slaughter method, processing, transportation, storage.
"Eco" and "organic" - do not count
Products that do not have a certificate, but simply labeled "eco", "bio" or "organic" on the packaging - this is just a manufacturer's statement, which may or may not be true. Unfortunately, in Russia, a federal law on organic products has not yet been adopted, which would prohibit simply putting such inscriptions on packaging, which is what many unscrupulous producers use. Despite the fact that in Russia there are catastrophically few certified producers of organic products, no more than 70 for the whole country. While, for example, there are more than 40,000 of them in Turkey, there are 500,000 in India.
If there is no certificate
What to focus on if most domestic products do not have any certificates, but there is something you need?
Foods that need to be treated with special care are pork, chicken, eggs, milk and dairy products, sweets, fruits and vegetables out of season, and industrially grown fish. It is worth giving up semi-finished products and fast food. It is better to prefer natural products with a short shelf life for any processed products. It is extremely difficult to determine the environmental friendliness of products by appearance, color, smell, since there are such “craftsmen” who give ordinary products natural properties that even experienced experts will not find a difference.
Natural apples, tomatoes, cucumbers, meat, dill, honey, cottage cheese, cheese differ most clearly in taste, smell and appearance. Most products are hard to tell right off the bat.
Definitely, you should not choose fruits and vegetables that are glossy-beautiful, the same in size and shape, very large, as a rule, these are GMO products grown with a large amount of agricultural chemicals. Cow and goat milk should not smell strongly and unpleasantly. If this is true, then the animals were kept in the mud and poorly cared for. Ask sellers of meat and milk questions - what they feed animals. If the answer is: purchased "compound feed", then it is better not to take such milk and meat, since most of the blown compound feed already contains GMOs, antibiotics and growth hormones.
Closer to nature
The quality is closer to ecological for those who prepare feed on their own and do without imported premixes. 100% natural and healthy milk comes from free-ranging animals that feed on natural grass feed, as is customary in organic farming. It is better to buy meat and milk in small farms with up to 8 animals. The less crowded animals are, the less they get sick, the less the risk of antibiotics in products. Well, the natural smell of fresh vegetables and fruits grown in a non-industrial way speaks for itself, it is impossible to fake it.
According to WHO, a person eats from 3 to 9 kg of preservatives, stabilizers and other food additives per year. All of this is not found in organic products.
Natural products are more nutritious, they are better absorbed by the body, contain more vitamins, minerals, micronutrients. With a properly balanced diet of natural products, it is easier to maintain an optimal weight for the body, while semi-finished products and industrial food, in addition to losing some of the nutrients from processing, freezing, it also contains cheap components that are difficult for the body to digest.
From your garden
To date, the safest way of high-quality ecological nutrition is either certified organic (Eco, bio) products, or products grown in our own beds. Products from your garden / garden or from the forest can be considered environmentally friendly if you did not use GMOs, agricultural chemicals, antibiotics, growth hormones, food additives in the process of growing or production. And also if your site is far from industrial production and highways, and the land and water for irrigation do not contain heavy metals and harmful chemical compounds.
Russian Federation
Federal Agency for Education
Bryansk State University named after Academician I.G. Petrovsky
Faculty of Technology and Design
Department of Computer Engineering and Information Technology
abstract
on ecology
"Environmentally friendly products, their characteristics"
Completed:
3rd year student
Rodina T.V.
Teacher:
Associate Professor Vysotsky O.G.
Bryansk 2011
Introduction…………………………………………………………………………...3
Characteristics of environmentally friendly products………………………4-5
II. Classification of organic products
Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………… 13
List of literature used ………… .. ………………………… ........ 14
Introduction.
Natural products have become a part of our daily life. But, even realizing how useful the consumption of healthy, ecologically clean food is, not everyone includes it in their daily diet.
“Good food is the best medicine,” says the proverb. Natural clean nutrition preserves and strengthens health, improves the quality of life. Energy, optimism, cheerfulness, which overwhelm adherents of this healthy food, have inclined to such a "diet" many millions of people around the world.
In our modern time, when the air, water and earth are polluted with products of human vital activity and the ecological situation, despite all the efforts of mankind, continues to deteriorate, people are starting to think more and more about their health.
In the food market today there are a lot of proposals on the topic of "healthy eating". Starting from all kinds of pills, powders (BAA) and ending with products with an optimally selected diet. But, no one can answer the question which of them are really useful and most effective, for one simple reason: there are so many people on the planet earth and there can be so many options for the impact of these products on them.
Characteristics of environmentally friendly products.
In the dictionary of S. I. Ozhegov, “pure” is defined as “containing nothing extraneous, without impurities.” Therefore, an environmentally friendly product is a product that does not contain foreign impurities, in this case, substances that could penetrate into this product from a polluted environment, from packaging, or get into the product during its production. And it goes without saying that in all these cases we are talking about substances that adversely affect health.
It's no secret that environmental problems today have become one of the most important in the world. Now everyone is concerned that everything is environmentally friendly. First of all, it concerns food. By environmentally friendly food we understand a fairly wide range of requirements for various products. A product produced in strict accordance with environmental standards does not necessarily fall under the concept of "healthy food".
Food products are characterized by their nutritional, biological and energy value. Nutritional value is a general concept that includes the energy value of a product, the content of nutrients in it and the degree of their assimilation by the body, organolentic qualities, good quality (harmlessness). The nutritional value of products is higher, the chemical composition of which is more consistent with the principles of a balanced diet, as well as products that are sources of essential nutrients. The energy value is determined by the amount of energy that the food substances of the product give: proteins, fats, digestible carbohydrates, organic acids. The biological value primarily reflects the quality of the proteins in the product, their amino acid composition, digestibility and assimilation by the body. In a broader sense, this concept includes the content of other vital substances in the product (vitamins, trace elements, essential fatty acids).
Different foods differ in their nutritional value, but none of them are harmful or extremely beneficial. Products are useful if the principles of a balanced diet are observed, but can be harmful if these principles are violated. This provision remains valid in clinical nutrition, although, depending on the disease, some foods in diets are limited, excluded, or allowed after special cooking, depending on the disease, while others are considered more preferable.
Among food products there are no those that satisfy the human need for all nutrients.
The number of consumed natural products is limited: mainly fresh vegetables, fruits, berries, nuts, honey. Most products are consumed after processing: sausages, confectionery, bakery products, sour-milk products, various dishes, etc. It is advisable to use in clinical nutrition products combined for a better balance of nutrients: new types of cereals, egg and dairy pasta, butter and processed cheese with Ocean paste, etc. The use of artificial products is promising. These products are obtained on the basis of proteins and other nutrients of natural origin, but their composition, structure, appearance and other properties are artificially formed (artificial cereals and pasta and meat products, granular protein caviar, etc.). In artificial products, it is possible to regulate the chemical composition, which is important for the creation of special health food products.
The quality of products is a set of properties that determine the suitability of a given product to meet certain needs in accordance with the purpose of GOST.
The organoleptic properties of products - appearance, texture, color, smell, taste - are important indicators of their quality. A change in the organoleptic qualities of a product usually indicates a deterioration in their biological value (a decrease in the content of vitamins, essential fatty acids, etc.) and a possible accumulation of products of protein breakdown, decomposition of carbohydrates, and fat oxidation that are harmful to the body, especially for sick people. Moldy products may produce toxic substances. Organoleptic changes in perishable products may be accompanied by the reproduction of pathogenic microbes.
When receiving products in catering units and diet canteens, as well as before cooking stored products, their quality is checked by organoleptic indicators.
Classification of environmentally friendly products.
Taking into account the general characteristic features and features of use, the following groups of food products can be distinguished:
1) milk and dairy products;
2) meat and meat products;
3) fish, fish products and seafood;
4) eggs and egg products;
5) dietary fats;
6) cereals and pasta;
7) flour, bread and bakery products, bran;
8) fresh and processed vegetables, fruits (fruits, berries, nuts) and mushrooms; 9) sugar and its substitutes, honey, confectionery;
10) canned food and concentrates;
11) flavor products (tea, coffee, spices, seasonings, food acids); 12) mineral waters.
Products of all groups are divided into types according to origin or receipt. Some products are divided into varieties and categories based on quality in accordance with the requirements of the standard. For example: type of cow butter - creamy unsalted, grades of the highest and 1st; beef of I and II categories - according to fatness; fresh eggs of category I and II - by weight and quality.
Many food products, in particular after appropriate cooking, have certain medicinal (dietary) properties in relation to certain diseases. However, this does not give reason to call them dietary products. Dietary products are specialized products intended to replace in the diet of sick people traditional products prohibited for medical reasons and differing from them in chemical composition or physical properties.
There are 7 groups of dietary products:
1) products that provide mechanical and chemical sparing of the digestive organs and are used in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, maxillofacial injuries, violation of the act of chewing and swallowing, in the postoperative period. These products have a high degree of grinding, they contain few extractives, sodium chloride (table salt), dietary fiber, and no spices. Such products include fine flour from cereals, homogenized (especially mashed) canned food from vegetables, fruits, meat, fish freed from inedible and indigestible parts, dry water-soluble concentrates of high nutritional value (enpits, inpitan, ovolact, etc.). ) and etc.;
2) products with a low sodium content (salt-free), used for certain diseases of the cardiovascular system, kidneys, liver, etc. This group also includes salt substitutes (sanasol, etc.), which are used to improve the taste of salt-free food;
3) protein-free products or with the exception of certain proteins and amino acids, for example, substitutes for bread, pasta, cereals, prepared without protein from various types of starch and used for chronic kidney failure and other diseases;
4) products with a modified composition of carbohydrates - their reduced content, the replacement of sugar with sweeteners, lactose-free dairy products, sugar substitutes (sweetener, saccharin, fructose, etc.). These products are used for diabetes, obesity and other diseases;
5) products with a reduced amount of fats and (or) their improved composition (sour-milk products and cow butter enriched with vegetable oils, etc.), used in diseases with impaired fat metabolism - atherosclerosis, obesity, etc.;
6) products of reduced energy value due to a decrease in the content of fats or carbohydrates in them, with fillers (dietary fiber, methyl cellulose, etc.);
7) other dietary products enriched with complete protein, iodine, iron, vitamins, lecithin.
Conclusion.
Environmentally friendly products must be of high quality, produced in ecologically clean regions, must not contain modified genes, grown according to recommended technologies, without the abuse of fertilizers and growth stimulants. Unfortunately, these requirements are not always met in real life. When buying food, it is very important to check by whom, where and when fruits and vegetables are grown. Appearance can also tell a lot, if vegetables or fruits do not look natural, it is worth assuming that some chemicals were used to grow them. It must be remembered that crop producers are primarily interested in making a profit, and not in environmentally friendly products. One of the most common violations in the cultivation of vegetables and fruits is the excessive use of fertilizers, in particular nitrates, which are natural growth and maturation stimulants for many plants. Of course, fertilizers are necessary, because without top dressing, not a single field will be able to produce constant crops. Ideally, any field or plot should be given a 1 year rest after harvest, which is not economically viable. Therefore, mineral fertilizers come into play.
By saying "environmentally friendly, organic product", we mean that it is not harmful to the human body, that vegetables do not contain nitrates, sausage and ham - carcinogens, yogurt and curds - artificial color enhancers and preservatives. And there are more vitamins, minerals and biologically active substances in them than in traditional ones.
Bibliography.
Voronkov N.A. Ecology general: Textbook. - Moscow, 1999.
Glukhov V.V. Economic foundations of ecology: Textbook. - St. Petersburg, 1997.
Denisov V.V. Ecology: Rostov-on-Don, March 2002.
Kruglyakov G.N., Krutikova G.V. Merchandising of food products: Textbook. - Minsk: Urajay, 1998.
Mikulovich, A.V. Loktev, I.N. Furet and others; Merchandising of food products: Proc. allowance / Under the total. ed. O.A. Brilevsky. - Minsk: BSEU, 2001.
Mikulovich L. S. Commodity science of food products with the basics of microbiology, sanitation and hygiene: Proc. allowance / L. S. Mikulovich. - Mn.: Vysh. school, 2002.
Ministry of Science and Education of Ukraine
Donetsk National University of Economics and Trade. M. Tugan-Baranovsky
on the topic: "Environmentally friendly products"
Donetsk 2009
In our modern time, when the air, water and earth are polluted with products of human vital activity and the ecological situation, despite all the efforts of mankind, continues to deteriorate, people are starting to think more and more about their health.
There is a Chinese proverb - "Tell me what you eat, and I will tell you who you are." This proverb most accurately characterizes the relationship between the food you eat and how you look and feel.
In the food market today there are a lot of proposals on the topic of "healthy eating". Starting from all kinds of pills, powders (BAA) and ending with products with an optimally selected diet. But, no one can answer the question which of them are really useful and most effective, for one simple reason: there are so many people on the planet earth and there can be so many options for the impact of these products on them.
So is there one single solution to the problem of healthy eating?
Yes, it exists, and like everything ingenious it is simple. To do this, it is necessary to grow products in an environmentally friendly environment and package them in an environmentally friendly way.
Why is this particular option the only one?
The answer to this question is simple. Products created by nature without human intervention in the process, most fully and balanced contain all the necessary substances for the life of the human body. In this case, you can apply the phrase "made by nature." And this phrase will most fully and capaciously contain the answer to your question.
What is an environmentally friendly environment?
Where and how are the standards and criteria for an environmentally friendly environment established?
The European certification system can give us the answer to this question.
In 1980, the International Federation of Organic Agricultural Movements (IFOAM) established the Basic Standards for Organic Production (IBS).
Here is some of them:
· cultivation of land for at least three years should be carried out without the use of chemical fertilizers;
· seeds for organic farming must be adapted to local conditions, resistant to pests and weeds and, most importantly, not be genetically modified.
· Soil fertility should be maintained with a varied crop rotation and biodegradable fertilizers of exclusively microbiological, vegetable or animal origin.
· the use of herbicides, pesticides, insecticides, nitrogen-containing and other chemical fertilizers is prohibited.
· physical barriers, noise, ultrasound, light, traps, special temperature conditions, etc., should be used to control pests;
· When raising livestock to obtain Organic meat, it is prohibited to use antibiotics and growth hormones;
· Farmers must register any animal treatment. Treatment records are reviewed annually by certifying bodies;
· the use of radiation and genetic engineering in the production of Organic products is strictly prohibited;
· if a product is labeled as Organic, its manufacturer is obliged to use 100% organic ingredients;
“So it is in Europe, but our nature is much cleaner and apples from the “favorite garden” are much tastier and healthier,” you might say.
Yes, everything is correct, and tastier and healthier, but only who checked it, where does the confidence in this come from? Where is the guarantee and criteria, which is more useful?
Unfortunately, no one can give you guarantees. There are no criteria yet.
There are many voluntary certification schemes that will make your ordinary products "environmentally friendly" for a "modest fee". At the same time, these voluntary organizations have their own criteria for evaluating products. Whether they have the right criteria or not, at the moment it is impossible to figure out, since there is no law that sets the standards for Organic products.
As a result, we have many Russian food products that use the terms of European standards to increase the sales of their products. Who among us has not seen juices, kefir, mayonnaise on store shelves, and this list can be continued for a long time, with the designations “BIO”, “BIO”, “Environmentally friendly product”, “Checked by environmental expertise”, etc. In fact, it turns out that our consumer is being misled, simply saying "they are fooling our brother, gentlemen, marketers."
At the same time, in many European countries, at the state level, organic product standards have been introduced. A system has been created to monitor the implementation and compliance with these standards.
How can our customer figure out which products on store shelves are really Organic?
The easiest and fastest way is to find one of the badges of European certification bodies on the product label. Here are examples of some of them:
| Organic Agriculture - EC Management System | European Union | In March 2000, the European Organic Commission introduced this emblem. It is used exclusively voluntarily by those manufacturers whose products comply with the European Union standard system adopted in 1991. |
 Bio-Siegel (Environmental Seal) |
Germany | In 2001, the German Federal Ministry for Consumer Protection, Food and Agriculture introduced a national label - Bio-Siegel (Environmental Seal), which identifies the products of enterprises that adhere to the requirements of the EU regulation. |
| Agriculture Biologique (Ecological products) | France | France was one of the first European countries to introduce a national label for organic food, which has replaced private labeling systems and is the property of the French Ministry of Agriculture. The application of this logo on goods is allowed after signing an agreement with the owner of the mark and fulfilling all the requirements established by EU law. The mark may also be applied to organic products from other countries, subject to the requirements of French legislation for farms using organic methods. However, plant products must be produced in the European Union, with the exception of exotic ones. |
| Valvottua tuotantoa/Kontrollerad ekoproduktion (Certified Organic) | Finland | This state mark is issued by the Finnish Crop Inspection Center |
| Sweden | In Sweden, the only accredited control organization is KRAV. Its standard is more stringent than the requirements stipulated by European legislation. Issued by the Swedish Society for Agricultural Control. The mark is also found on products produced outside of Sweden (coffee, tea, fruit). | |
| Netherlands | This mark is issued by the Dutch State Inspection Authority called Skal. | |
 United States Department of Agriculture |
USA | This mark has been licensed by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) since 2002 under the National Organic Program (NOP) |
| Finland | This ladybug badge is issued by Finland's private certifying authority, Luomuliito. Most often this sign is found on vegetables. | |
 |
Europe, America, Africa, New Zealand | The environmental certification standard Demeter, which appeared in 1924 on the basis of the work of Rudolf Steiner ("Spiritual and scientific foundations for the successful development of agriculture"), became the first world standard for organic agriculture. The presence of the Demeter biodynamic production mark on the product packaging not only characterizes the special conditions of strict control at all stages of product creation according to Organic standards, but also reflects a special approach to careful and meticulous farming, taking into account many natural features (moon phases, seasons, etc.). .), incl. care for the cleanliness and preservation of soils and the environment. Demeter International currently has 18 member organizations in Europe, America, Africa and New Zealand. |
And what about our environmentally friendly packaging?
This issue is no less serious, but easier to resolve.
Why serious?
Yes, because, no matter how environmentally friendly products are produced, if the packaging is toxic, it will spoil us, the quality of the products that we were so striving for.
Why is it easy to solve?
What is environmentally friendly packaging, it is such a packaging that comes into the least contact with the products contained in it, without changing the quality properties of the products. Today, the packaging market can offer many options for solving environmentally friendly product packaging. At the same time, packaging manufacturing and production technologies are constantly being improved.
- these are products that are grown on pristine clean land without the use of chemical fertilizers, man-made impacts, including the processing process. When sold, such products are labeled with the “eco” emblem and cost an order of magnitude more expensive (about 3-5 times, which is 60-70% of the cost of conventional food)
Why? Eco-products are positioned in the premium segment and their production requires more costs, manual labor, certification, veterinary control, laboratory research, packaging, etc.
Organic vegetables and fruits contain 40% more antioxidants, which reduces the occurrence of cancer and cardiovascular disease, and the milk of biotech animals has 90% higher levels of antioxidants. Eco-products contain more minerals, vitamins, microelements, which are so necessary for people living in a metropolis.
In the world, according to experts, every year there is an increasing interest in the consumption of environmentally friendly products. So the demand for eco products increased from 20 billion dollars in 2000 to 60 billion dollars in 2012 - more than 3 times! It is assumed that by 2020 the demand for will increase to 200 - 250 billion dollars! The leaders in the production of eco-products are the USA, Germany, France, Great Britain, New Zealand, Switzerland. Russia, on the other hand, lags behind European producers in terms of the technology for the production of eco-products by 15-20 years….
Signs of environmentally friendly products in Europe and requirements for its production.
All products marked with such signs are subject to strict control at all stages of production and sale. Production quality control includes:
- production of organic products in isolated places to prevent mixing of products
– controlling organizations carry out annual inspections of production sites 
products are also entitled to unannounced inspections and controls. After each inspection, a report is drawn up by the inspecting organization.
- enterprises must document the origin, quantity and type of all fertilizers, feed, plant and animal protection products, including their use.
- Accounting should daily reflect the number of products sold, its type, as well as information about the buyer who sells the products. And, of course, accounting for products sold to the end customer.
- only those products that are controlled by inspecting organizations can have the labeling of environmentally friendly products.
These requirements are spelled out in the "Regulation on Organic Farming and the Appropriate Labeling of Agricultural Foods" No. 2092/91 dated 06/24/91. and includes all EEC countries.
American standards for the production of organic products.
In order to obtain the "Demeter" or "Biodin" brand, the farmer must use the biodynamic method of production for two years under the supervision of a representative of the Demeter Association or the Biodynamic Association, and also conclude a contract with these organizations. An assessment of the performance of farmers is carried out every year.
The whole process of producing organic products must be carried out in accordance with the "Lectures on Agriculture" described by Rudolf Steiner. The lectures prescribe that pets and pet food should be farm-produced and raised as much as possible. The basis of soil fertility is organic fertilizers, compost from plant residues, biodynamic compost preparations. If it is necessary to import feed, fertilizers, then a thorough check for compliance with the requirements of Demeter follows.
It is forbidden to use nitrogen, phosphorus synthetic fertilizers, potassium salts containing chlorine, and lime, phosphorite, crushed rocks are allowed to be used depending on local conditions. It is also forbidden to use sewage, garbage, composted production waste, due to the high content of lead, mercury, chromium, zinc, etc. It is strictly forbidden to use synthetic and poisonous plant protection products (herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, chemical growth regulators, etc.)
Farmers must strictly adhere to the prescribed instructions up to the scheduled diet of pets and poultry. Feed for them should not contain antibiotics, synthetic additives. And when processing farm products, it is unacceptable to use nitrites, artificial fillers, etc.
All activities of the farmer, his planned activities for the fertilization of the site, the use of animal and bird feed must be declared in writing and must be approved by representatives of the Demeter Association or the Biodynamic Association or the local farmer's group. In addition, the annual quality assurance of the Demeter Association.
Russian market of eco-products.
Law GOST R 51074-2003 “National standard of the Russian Federation. Food products. Information for the consumer" prohibits the unsubstantiated use of "organic product", "grown without the use of pesticides", "grown without the use of mineral fertilizers", etc. on product labels, and also requires the disclosure of the general composition of ingredients, food additives, flavorings, dietary supplements, etc…
Thus, the law contains general requirements and regulations for consumer information. There is no regulatory framework for determining the environmental friendliness of products in the country. And the consumer market eco products accounts for only 0.1% of the sale of all food products.
Why is the demand for environmentally friendly products so low in Russia? Are there really few people in Russia who think about a healthy lifestyle, about high-quality and safe food? There are several reasons:
- sometimes the label "eco" is a marketing ploy and products marked with this sign are no different from ordinary ones.
- the solvency of the population in Russia is lower than in Western Europe, not every Russian buyer can pay 190-200 rubles for a dozen eggs, 100 rubles for 1 liter of milk, 200 rubles for 500 g of sour cream, and 700 rubles for a village chicken per kg.
- in Russia today there is no integrated system for the production of environmentally friendly products at the state level, so the market for demand for eco-products has not been created. So, in Europe, in the production of organic milk, pet meat and poultry, a certificate is issued for the land on which organic food for pets and birds is grown. There are certain standards and norms of production.
- lack of information about the production, about the quality of eco-products.
However, there are Russian producers who supply organic food products to the market. The “Professional Association of Producers and Suppliers of Ecological Products and Ecoservices” created in Russia unites manufacturers from different regions of the country – from St. Petersburg and Moscow to the Urals and Siberia. They voluntarily certify the products they produce.
What are the difficulties in forming the Russian market of eco-products and what are its prospects?
1. The productivity of eco farm products is much lower than that of conventional farms. Manufacturers do not use chemical fertilizers, GMOs, antibiotics, growth accelerators, etc. If the average wheat harvest per hectare in Russia in 2011 was 30-40 tons, then on an eco-farm it was 4-5 tons.
2. The shelf life of organic products is very short - from 36 hours to no more than 72 hours. Difficulties in organizing deliveries to the consumer. Manufacturers cannot afford to overstock their products in order to meet storage standards.
3. In Russia, there is no national system for confirming standards and quality control of eco-products. When this is created, then the market for eco-products will acquire civilized forms - farmers will have access to retail chains, educational institutions, food outlets, and a supply chain will be established.
The Ministry of Agriculture is currently developing a law on ecological agriculture. Hearings were held in the Public Chamber on the problems of developing the market for ecological agricultural production. Now it has become obvious that it is necessary to support this sector of the economy.
According to the Ministry of Health, economic losses from diseases associated with disorders of the digestive system amount to 1,512.74 billion rubles annually. With the support of the state, it is possible to reduce the cost of production, expand the market for eco-products, and improve people's health in general.
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