Imports of palm oil to Russia in the first six months increased by almost 20% and amounted to 550 thousand tons. This allowed it to move to second position in the top 3 most popular imported goods among food products, according to analytical data from Finexpertiza based on Rosstat invoices. which Izvestia reviewed. The top three also included bananas and potatoes. Experts explained the popularity of palm oil due to its price advantage over plant counterparts. Changes in technical regulation, which prohibit the content of more than 2% trans fats in products, also played a role. Palm oil practically does not contain them. In addition, it is solid, which makes the product convenient for use by confectioners.
From January to July 2018, the most imported food products were bananas (958 thousand tons), palm oil (550 thousand tons) and potatoes (543 thousand tons). Analysts from the Finexpertiza company came to these conclusions after studying Rosstat data for this period. At the same time, in terms of import dynamics, palm oil took a leading position, its imports increased by almost 20% compared to the same period last year. At the end of the first half of 2017, bananas also topped the list of the most popular imported products, followed by potatoes and palm oil.
As Nina Kozlova, general director of Finexpertiza, explained to Izvestia, palm oil is the cheapest product among fat and oil analogues, which can explain the increased volumes of product imports.
Palm oil is five times cheaper than olive oil and 10% cheaper than its closest analogue, sunflower oil. Today, manufacturers are trying to reduce costs at all stages of work, emphasized Nina Kozlova. - The unpleasant thing is that palm oil is often used to make products that were originally supposed to use a more expensive type of oil. This cannot but affect the consumer properties of the products produced,” noted Nina Kozlova.
Palm oil is produced from fruits that do not grow in Russia, so the products are actively imported into the country, Ekaterina Nesterova, executive director of the Association of Producers and Consumers of Oil and Fat Products, told Izvestia. Oil acts as a raw material in the production of fat and oil products; it is later used in the confectionery and culinary industries (instant food products).
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Palm oil is used in the following products: sweet baked goods - buns, muffins, cookies; chips and popcorn; porridges and soups from bags for instant preparation; chocolate and chocolate candies; baby food; sauces and cocktails; ice cream; canned food
The expert emphasized that the increase in imports of palm oil is associated with current regulation: in January 2018, a new technical regulation for fat and oil products came into force in Russia. According to it, the proportion of trans isomers in oil that negatively affects human health should not exceed 2%.
For example, the recipe for confectionery products requires the use of solid oil. Russian vegetable oils need to be converted into it, since they are initially liquid. In this process, trans isomers are formed, the share of which in the production volume exceeds 2%. Palm oil is initially solid and complies with technical regulations in this part of the requirements.
The reasons for the popularity of bananas and potatoes are also related to their price attractiveness. The head of the analytical agency Fruit news, Irina Koziy, told Izvestia that these products are among the cheapest in the fruit and vegetable categories. According to her, the share of imported bananas in the group of fruits on the Russian market is a maximum of 30%. The main supplier of products is Ecuador. The share of imported potatoes in Russia is less than 10% of the market; Egypt is the largest importer.
Bananas are one of the most popular products in Russia, which are still ahead of potatoes in popularity among consumers, Andrei Karpov, Chairman of the Board of the Russian Association of Retail Market Experts, told Izvestia. According to him, banana is one of the cheapest food products; among fruits it is the leader in low cost, ahead of apples. In retail, 1 kg of bananas costs about 50 rubles.
According to Andrei Karpov, Russia produces enough potatoes to meet its needs. But at the same time, its import remains high. This is due to the fact that the harvest harvested in the fall cannot be stored until spring due to a lack of vegetable storage. During this time period, potatoes have to be imported, the specialist noted. At the same time, the share of imports on the market in winter and spring is more than 60%.
Turbine oil T-22 is a mineral oil that is obtained from wax-free, low-sulfur oils by acid refining. This oil does not contain special additives, which also makes it relatively cheap.
In the absence of additives, the necessary performance properties of T-22 are achieved through the correct selection of raw materials, which have natural lubricating properties and suitable viscosity, as well as its subsequent optimal cleaning.
Modern turbine oils foreign produced in accordance with API classification (Group 2) consist of 98% base oil and 2% impurities. When foreign components are added to the product, the chemical structure of the oil may be disrupted, which negatively affects the productivity of its use.
The amount of components and additives introduced into turbine oil must be sufficient to ensure the appropriate level of quality. If additives are selected correctly, the service life of the oil can be extended. However, there are also pitfalls here. Additives can also play a negative role, affecting the physicochemical and operational properties, in particular, accelerating the occurrence of chemical transformations.
GOST 32-74
The qualitative characteristics of turbine oil T-22 are regulated in accordance with GOST 32-74.
Main technical characteristics of turbine oil T-22
|
Indicator name |
Meaning |
|
| Compliance with ISO VG classifications | ||
| Kinematic viscosity at 50 °C, cSt | ||
| Viscosity index, not less | ||
| Acid number, mg KOH/g, no more | ||
| Temperature, °C: | ||
| flashes in an open crucible, not lower | ||
| hardening, not higher | ||
| Mass fraction, %, no more: | ||
| mechanical impurities |
Absence |
|
| water-soluble acids and alkalis |
Absence |
|
| Ash content, %, no more | ||
| Demulsification number, min, no more | ||
| Corrosion test of copper plates, 3 hours, 100°C |
Withstands |
|
| Stability against oxidation: | ||
| sediment, %, no more than acid number, mg KOH/g, no more |
Scope of application of T-22 oil
Similar to the areas of application of TP-22S and TP-22B oils - this is the lubrication of bearings and auxiliary mechanisms of turbocompressor machines, steam and gas turbines, and hydraulic turbines. Also, oil of this brand can be used as a hydraulic fluid for control systems of the above machines and mechanisms. Can be used in compressors whose task is to pump ammonia.
Container and packaging
It can be produced in cans of different volumes and also in barrels.
The following packaging options for T-22 turbine oil are known:
- canisters with a volume of 0.4 l, 0.8 l, 4.5 l, 9 l, 17 l;
- barrels with a volume of 176 l.
Deterioration of the quality of turbine oils
In order to perform its assigned functions for a long time and reliably, T-22 oil must retain its physical and chemical composition. But in reality this is very difficult to achieve. When interacting with aggressive environments, under the influence of high temperatures and pressures, dense dirt inclusions, water droplets, gases and resinous compounds accumulate in turbine oils.
It is known that the physicochemical properties of turbine oils can deteriorate when contaminated with mechanical impurities, water and sludge. Mechanical impurities enter the lubrication system through the air in the form of dust and wear products. More than 70% is silicon oxide, which ranks fourth in the strength scale, immediately after diamond. Contaminants of this kind accelerate wear of parts.
Water can also get into the oil from the air, which washes out useful components and additives, reducing its service life. It also accelerates all types of corrosion, including supermolecular and fretting corrosion. In addition, over time, the process of separating water from oil begins to degrade.
Under such operating conditions, the issue of preserving the quality indicators of turbine oil arises quite acutely. It begins to age quickly, and the processes of sludge and foam formation are activated. All this leads to a violation of lubrication conditions.
Particles of impurities (dust, scale, water) can be easily removed by dehydration units and vacuum filtration. However, other contaminants may enter the turbine oil during equipment flushing. These include: hydraulic oils, detergent components, surfactants. All of them easily dissolve in turbine oil and become its integral part.
Also a significant problem is the removal of additives that negatively affect the characteristics of turbine oils. Therefore, throughout the entire life of the oil, you must strictly adhere to the rules and standards for controlling its quality.
Today, the amount of contaminants in turbine oils is reduced using filter separators. But they do not retain small impurities, which, nevertheless, can cause significant damage to the support bearings of steam turbines. Methods of settling and centrifugation can be effective only when the contaminants have a clear phase separation boundary, and have not already dissolved in the oil and become part of it.
Only the most effective cleaning will extend the service life of T-22 turbine oil, and with it the technological equipment in which it is used.
Gravity cleaning
To clean T-22 turbine oil from accumulated contaminants, gravity cleaning can be used. Its principle is based on the laws of physics: any solid particle or microdrop of water that is in turbine oil is acted upon by two forces - gravitational and Archimedean. They are directed in opposite directions, while the Archimedean force has a buoyant effect. The combined effect of these two forces determines the body force. Under its action, contaminants suspended in turbine oil precipitate. This phenomenon is called settling or sedimentation.
Typically, petroleum oils are low-concentrated suspensions containing a small amount of solid contaminants. Therefore, the settling of individual particles is not accompanied by their interaction with each other (the so-called free settling occurs). If an impurity moves vertically downwards, then in addition to the volumetric force, it is also influenced by the resistance force of the liquid medium, which impedes the movement. It is directed vertically upward.
Laminar fluid flow around a particle typical for inclusions of small sizes and significant viscosity of T-22 turbine oil.
As the particle size increases or the oil viscosity decreases, the speed of the inclusion increases, i.e. the flow around the particle becomes turbulent nature.
The final efficiency of cleaning turbine oils using this method depends on the density of contaminants, the density and viscosity of the petroleum product, as well as the size of the contaminants and their concentration.
In the case of sedimentation of water droplets, in addition to their density, it is also necessary to take into account such a parameter as viscosity.
Containers for settling must be thermostatically controlled, i.e. covered with special insulation and protected from direct sunlight. One of the most effective methods of thermostating is considered to be the deepening of sedimentation tanks into the ground.
The effect of the gravitational field on microdroplets of water emulsified in turbine oil, is based on their enlargement under the influence of volumetric force and falling into the drainage system.
Wherein deposition rate The density of these enlarged droplets is determined not only by their size, but also by the difference in the densities of water and turbine oil. For example, water droplets with a size of 15-20 microns can be deposited in an oil product to a depth of 1 m within 10 hours. If the droplet size is 10-15 microns, then deposition can last a whole day.
It is the long cleaning time and removal of only relatively large particles that is the main disadvantage of gravity cleaning.
To save its customers from the headache of having to dispose of used oil and buy new oil, GlobeCore has developed and produced.
They are designed for complex purification of turbine oils up to the 9th class of cleanliness from the 13th initial class. The treated turbine oil contains no more than 10 g/t of water and mechanical impurities, and the filtration fineness is 5 microns. Absolutely any types of turbine oils, the viscosity of which at 50 ºC does not exceed 280 cSt, can be processed using SMM-1.2MT units.
Mobile oil station SMM-1.2T
Thermal vacuum treatment in one cycle can significantly extend the service life of used oils. SMM-1.2MT can operate in filtration and heating modes, as well as filtration, drying and degassing of oil.
Purchasing oil mobile stations GlobeCore , you get powerful, but at the same time very easy to maintain and operate units. At the request of the customer, SMM-1.2MT can be produced in a stationary (in a container, on a frame, under an awning) or mobile (on wheels, on a trailer) version.
The Russian division of Total Marketing & Services (M&S) - Total Vostok LLC announced the commissioning of a plant in the Kaluga region for the production of motor oils and lubricants with a capacity of about 40,000 tons per year (first line). In 2017, the company sold about 50,000 tons of oils on the Russian market, occupying about 4% of it (2% in 2013). But until now it has not had its own production in Russia.
“Our active participation in LNG projects in the Arctic shows that Russia has become a strategically important country for Total. In addition to activities in the field of hydrocarbon production, we consider the Russian market as one of the highest priority and growing markets for our Marketing & Services division,” said Total CEO Patrick Pouyanné at the opening of the plant.
“Our medium-term goals are to achieve a share of more than 5% of all lubricant sales on the Russian market,” Total Vostok CEO Fabien Voisin told Vedomosti through a representative. – Having our own production in the country will allow us to achieve such organic growth. The time it takes for the final product to reach the market will now be significantly reduced, and the reduction in logistics costs can reach up to 5% of the unit cost.”
The company began construction of the plant near Kaluga in early 2016. Total had several scenarios for the development of local production, but the final decision was made only when sales volumes grew enough to justify investment in production, explains Voisin. To date, the amount of investment in the project has amounted to about $50 million, an official representative of the company told Vedomosti. The project allows for the possibility of constructing a second line, increasing production to 70,000 tons per year. It is planned to increase capacity over the next five years, a company representative said, but did not give exact dates. Part of the products from the new plant will be exported to Central Asian countries.
With a share of 4.8% of the global market, Total ranks 4th among the largest lubricants producers, behind only Shell (11.8%), ExxonMobile (9.3%) and BP (6.2%). In 2017, the M&S division sold about 1.9 million tons of products, 66% of which were motor oils (IHS data). This provided the company with $374 million in net profit. Total net profit of Total M&S in 2017 amounted to $1.7 billion, almost 20% of the net profit of the entire concern ($8.6 billion in 2017).
Total Vostok LLC does not separately disclose its financial indicators. According to SPARK-Interfax, the company’s revenue in 2017 amounted to almost 11 billion rubles, net profit – 1.34 billion rubles. (RAS).
In 2011, Total bought a 12.08% stake in Novatek (the main owner is Leonid Mikhelson) for $4 billion. Since then, the French company has increased its stake to 19.4% - the maximum possible share according to the company's shareholders' agreement. In addition, Total already has a direct 20% stake in the Yamal LNG plant, and in May agreed with Novatek to buy 10% in the Russian company's next gas liquefaction project. The cost of 10% in Arctic LNG-2 for Total will be $2.55 billion, the deal is planned to be closed in the first half of 2019.
Turbine oil T-22 (GOST 32-74) is a type of mineral oil and is used as an effective lubricant to ensure the operation of gas turbine equipment and plants. Turbine oil is produced on the basis of certain types of oil with a minimum content of paraffinic and sulfurous substances. Additional purification and high physical and chemical properties of the product are ensured by effective acid purification of the prepared product.
Buying turbine oil T-22 is profitable and affordable. A small package of additives is introduced into the composition of the substance, which ensures the relative cheapness of the product and determines the scope of its use
Advantages
The absence of auxiliary additives in the composition leads to the fact that the price of T-22 turbine oil is low. The good quality of the product is mainly ensured by the condition of the raw materials, their careful processing and cleaning. The beneficial advantages of the product include:
increased resistance, stability against various oxidative processes
a significant increase in the service life of the product, maintaining high physical and chemical characteristics of the material
high demulsifying properties
increasing the technical safety of the material
Compliance with viscosity class ISO VG 32.
Area n application
Area of use of the product is similar and and with oils of similar composition. Buy T-22 turbine oil and use the product, preferably for the effective lubrication of operating bearings, as well as other auxiliary equipment installed on steam and gas turbines, turbocompressor machines and hydraulic turbines. With the help of this product, another important and in-demand operation in production can be carried out, related to working as a hydraulic fluid operating in the systems of the above machines and mechanisms, as well as in compressor equipment used for pumping ammonia.
Specifications
|
Item No. |
Name |
Unit |
Indicators |
|
Oil density (T=20 °C) |
Kg/m³ |
||
|
Viscosity index |
Not less than 70 |
||
|
Kinematic viscosity (at T=50 °C) |
mm²/s |
Within 20-23 |
|
|
Kinematic viscosity (at T=20 °C) |
mm²/s |
||
|
Acidity mg KOH |
Based on 1 g of oil |
Not higher than 0.02 |
|
|
Ash content |
Not higher than 0.005 |
||
|
Presence of mechanical impurities and water |
No impurities, no traces of water |
||
|
Ignition (flash) temperature in a closed crucible |
°C |
Not less than 195 |
|
|
Corrosion resistance test using copper plate |
Aged |
||
|
Pour point |
°C |
10, not higher |
|
|
Color on the CNT colorimeter |
Unit CST |
No more than 2.0 |
T-22
- mineral oil from high-quality, non-paraffin, low-sulfur, acid-refined oils. The oil does not contain additives and is relatively cheap.Required performance properties of the oil T-22 ensured by the correct selection of raw materials with natural lubricating properties of suitable viscosity, and subsequent optimal cleaning.
According to its characteristics Oil T-22 finds application in the same areas as TP-22S and TP-22B oils.
T-22 used in high-speed steam turbines, centrifugal and turbocompressors when the oil viscosity is sufficient and provides the necessary anti-wear properties. Can be used in compressors pumping ammonia.
| The name of indicators T-22 |
Standard according to GOST (TU) |
Kinematic viscosity, mm 2 / s at temperature | 50°C | 40°C | Density at 20°C, kg/m 3, no more | Viscosity index, not less | Flash point in an open crucible, °C, not lower | Pour point, °C, not higher | Acid number, mg KOH/g | Stability against oxidation | sediment after oxidation, %, no more | acid number after oxidation, mg KOH/g oil, no more | Sodium sample in a cuvette, 10 mm, no more | Content of water-soluble acids, alkalis and mechanical impurities |
Absence |
Transparency at 0°C |
Transparent |
Ash content, %, no more | Demulsification number, min, no more | . Corrosion test of copper plates, 3h, 100°C |
withstands |
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