Bashkir honey pink. Types of honey and their properties

And don't know what to choose? We will tell you what varieties amber treat exist and how they differ from each other.

Classification of honey by botanical origin

Natural honey can be floral, honeydew or mixed. Accurately determine whether a treat belongs to one of the three types only possible in special laboratories. Flower honey obtained when bees process plant nectar.

Honeydew honey formed when insects collect honeydew and honeydew. Honeydew is secreted by the cells of trees and shrubs in the form of a sweetish, resinous substance. And honeydew is a thick liquid secreted by aphids and other insects that feed on plant juices.

This type of honey is not suitable for bees to eat due to its high content. minerals, however, it is very useful for people. The dessert is distinguished by its dark shade, dense and thick texture and slight bitter aftertaste. It is almost never found in its pure form in Russia.

Mixed Honey varieties are a natural mixture of flower and honeydew honeys.

Types of flower honey

Honey collected from plants of the same type is called monofloral. It bears the name of a honey plant (linden, hawthorn, fireweed, sunflower, buckwheat, acacia, etc.). The product collected from various types of plants is called polyfloral honey (compound, flower). Its name comes from the place where the honey was collected.

How to distinguish types of honey based on the place of collection?

Caring bees work in natural areas with different zonal and landscape features. Depending on where the apiary was located, the following groups are distinguished (each of them includes several varieties of honey):

1. Field honey. This is a common and very affordable type of polyfloral honey, which is most often collected in steppe and forest-steppe areas. It has a pleasant aroma of wild herbs.
2. Meadow honey. It is obtained from plants of lowland and alpine meadows. It is valued higher than the previous one, since it is more difficult to assemble.
3. Taiga honey. An elite type of honey with amazing qualities and aroma. He comes from apiaries in the taiga zones. Many of the honey plants for such a delicacy grow only in this area.
4. Mountain honey. Apiary lands in high mountain areas require a lot of labor, so this honey is more expensive than others. The value also lies in its unique composition.

Dark or light?

Based on color qualities, light and dark honey varieties are distinguished. The pigments come from the flower from which the nectar is collected. TO light varieties include sweet clover, linden, acacia and other varieties of honey with a light, pleasant taste. Dark varieties(buckwheat, heather, chestnut, etc.) are distinguished by a thicker, richer taste with a spicy bitterness. It is believed that light honey contains more vitamins, while dark honey contains more microelements (iron, manganese, copper) and protein compounds.

Types of honey by consistency (viscosity)

Freshly pumped honey can be liquid(clover, acacia) and more thick(coniferous, heather). It is also known that honey collected in humid weather is thinner than that obtained in dry summers. When stored after 1-2 months, honey gradually becomes cloudy and sugared, becoming dense and sometimes even hard. Candied honey can have a fine-grained structure (crystals less than 0.5 mm) and coarse-grained (crystals more than 0.5 mm). Due to the increased content of colloidal substances, protein compounds and polysaccharides, honey from acacia, sage, cherry and honeydew flowers is candied more slowly; faster - alfalfa, buckwheat, sunflower, sainfoin.

We choose honey according to the method of extraction and processing

According to technological criteria, honey is divided into

• centrifugal,
• cell phone,
• sectional,
• pressed.

Centrifugal honey is pumped out using a honey extractor. Honeycomb honey, completely pure and mature, is sold in natural packaging - in a honeycomb. Sectional comb honey is enclosed in special plywood or plastic sections. Pressed honey is obtained by squeezing - the honeycomb breaks.

When choosing a treasured jar in a store, everyone certainly wants to buy the best honey. However, there is no clear answer to the question: which honey is better, tastier and healthier? Remember, depending on the variety, the bee treat will have different taste, aroma and differ in the list of healing properties. Before paying the seller, read the description of the variety you like. The presence of a certificate of conformity will also give confidence that the product is not falsified and corresponds to the honey plant stated on the label, the place and time of collection.

We wish you delicious, healthy and longevity shopping!

The concept of “honey” has a very unusual meaning - when translated, the word means something mysterious, enigmatic, endowed with some magical properties. And this is not surprising, because this product can cure any ailment, cope with serious illnesses, and also impart vitality, beauty and wisdom. What types of honey are there? The answer to this question will be detailed, since this product is also classified depending on its origin and preparation technology.

The varieties of this product are classified according to several characteristics, but the main ones are technological, regional and floristic.

Floral or flower honey

It can be either floral or honeydew, depending on the source from which the insects collect pollen. Flower honey can be monofloral (collected from one type of plant) or polyfloral (made from several types of honey plants). Absolutely monofloral varieties are extremely rare - honey from forbs does not differ in taste and aroma from other varieties in this category. Depending on the type of bee pasture, flower honey can be meadow, forest, steppe, fruit, taiga, mountain, etc.

Regional honey

The product is classified according to its place of origin. Far Eastern linden, Altai or Bashkir honey- all these names speak about the place of bee pastures and production technology. The collection method and production technology determine another classification of the product: depending on the method of production, honey can be centrifugal or descent.

Bees pour it into special cells that are sealed with wax - this is how comb honey is obtained, which reaches the consumer in its pure form and mature state, without foreign impurities and preservatives. The product is sterile - this is according to bacteriological studies.

The centrifugal method of production is as follows: beekeeping products are pumped out of the honeycombs in a honey extractor.

Other varieties

What types of honey are there? It turns out that there are a great many varieties. So, it differs in color, taste and aroma. Honey can be dark, light, or a shade in between. Absolutely colorless, light and completely transparent, like water, varieties of the sweet product are also known. For example, honeycombs filled with acacia honey seem empty, although in fact they contain the most valuable and tasty product - white varieties of honey. There are also species that, upon crystallization, acquire a slightly greenish tint.

Some argue that dark honey is a first-class product because it contains a large number of mineral salts, manganese and copper, which is important for health.

There is also a gradation depending on organoleptic characteristics. The most aromatic is tobacco honey; once you smell it, it is impossible to confuse it with any other type.

Today, connoisseurs of this healing product know several types of this product. To understand what types of honey there are, it’s worth taking a closer look at its main varieties.

Buckwheat honey

It is considered one of the best varieties. Thanks to the special taste that tickles the throat, it is almost impossible to confuse buckwheat honey with any other variety. How to distinguish buckwheat honey?

It is characterized by a darker shade that ranges from dark yellow to dark brown. Working bees, pollinating buckwheat flowers, produce a natural product that has healing properties. Molasses has a high content useful microelements and amino acids, which means that the benefits for the body are obvious.

It is used to treat leukocytosis, bronchitis and hypertension, vitamin deficiencies and stomatitis, skin and colds. In addition, buckwheat honey is effective as a means of restoring protein metabolism. The product is widely used in cooking - it is often used for cooking confectionery and delicious compotes.

Linden honey

A distinctive feature is the almost complete absence of color and incredible aroma. Linden honey may have only a slight light amber tint. Another characteristic feature is high organoleptic characteristics. Linden honey is very tasty and fragrant - the aroma can be heard even from a closed jar.

Molasses has healing properties and has a delicate taste that pleasantly tickles the throat and leaves a soft aftertaste. Linden honey collected from Far East, differs in all respects from the product obtained in other regions of the country.

Linden honey is an irreplaceable natural medicine and an effective prevention of viral and colds. The product is used to treat bronchitis, asthma, liver and stomach diseases, kidneys and intestines. It has also become widespread in cosmetology - masks based on it moisturize and nourish the skin well.

Acacia honey

It is considered the most famous variety of sweet product. From one hectare of flowering plant you can collect up to 1500 kg of honey, and from just one bush bee family can produce about 8 kg. The mature product has virtually no color - it is transparent, but at the time of crystallization it becomes slightly white shade. By the way, it becomes white no earlier than one year. A distinctive feature of this variety is the equal ratio of sucrose and fructose.

Acacia honey is effective remedy for the treatment and prevention of nervous diseases, disorders gastrointestinal tract and kidney diseases. In addition, molasses is used to strengthen the nervous system and treat insomnia.

Heather honey

This perfect product for those who prefer a slightly bitter taste. It has a tart, slightly bitter taste. The color range varies from dark yellow to brown with a red tint. It crystallizes slowly (the process can take a whole year) and is characterized by increased ductility.

Over time, the product acquires the consistency of jelly, inside which a huge number of bubbles form. One has only to mix it in a jar, and the honey will again become liquid and homogeneous. Heather honey, reviews of which eloquently testify to its healing properties, is rich in minerals and has a whole range of healing properties. It is used to reduce appetite, to prevent cardiovascular diseases, and also helps to strengthen the nervous system and forget about insomnia.

Chestnut honey

The beneficial properties and contraindications of the product have not yet been thoroughly studied and are accompanied by numerous disputes and contradictions. Nevertheless, this variety has no less value and uniqueness than other species.

It has a slightly bitter taste, with a characteristic tart note, and a pronounced chestnut flavor. High viscosity, rich dark shades and slow crystallization are other distinctive features of the sweet product. Chestnut honey has pronounced antimicrobial properties, helps cope with diseases of the nervous and of cardio-vascular system, and is also effectively used to treat diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

Bees collect fragrant nectar from the white and pink flowers of the decorative horse chestnut, resulting in an incredibly tasty and aromatic product - chestnut honey.

• Promotes healing of wounds and skin damage.
• Used as an effective remedy for the treatment of respiratory organs.
• Normalizes arterial pressure and improves heart performance.
• Helps strengthen the immune system and is also used as a prophylactic for colds.

Chestnut honey also has some disadvantages:

• The product should not be consumed if you have an individual intolerance (after all, any type of this product is a fairly strong allergen).
• People suffering from pathological blood diseases and diabetes mellitus.

At its core, chestnut beekeeping products are a universal natural antibiotic, whose bactericidal effect is several times greater than the effectiveness of most medications.

Fireweed honey: beneficial properties and contraindications

Honey from Ivan tea contains a large amount of vitamins and microelements that are simply necessary for the human body. The appearance of the medicinal product causes confusion even among true connoisseurs of the sweet delicacy. The fact is that the natural products of striped workers have a yellowish and sometimes greenish tint, and the consistency of heavy cream. And the ability of fireweed honey to quickly crystallize, changing its shade to a lighter one and forming small grains of white color, completely confuses adherents of traditional medicine.

In fact, these are the unique features of this variety, thanks to which beekeeping products received a second name - “snowy”. The qualities that fireweed honey has deserve special attention.

Useful properties and contraindications:

• Used as an analgesic and vasodilator.
• An excellent preventative for the treatment of colds and viral diseases.
• Used to treat peptic ulcers and diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
• Natural raw materials that help to forget about insomnia and calm the nervous system.

Product obtained from medicinal plant, it is undesirable for persons with diabetes mellitus and individual intolerance to beekeeping products.

Sweet clover honey

This is one of those varieties that is distinguished by an incredible variety of color palette. Its range varies widely: from light amber to white with a slight greenish tint. Honey from sweet clover has an excellent taste, which is harmoniously complemented by a slight bitterness. This variety of bee products is highly valued overseas due to unique properties and qualities.

The aroma of sweet clover honey is impossible to forget - sweet and tart at the same time, it has a pronounced vanilla smell.

The product from sweet clover is widely used in folk medicine - it is used in the treatment and prevention of gastrointestinal diseases and to normalize metabolic processes in the body, and also as an effective vasodilator. In addition, it is a good sedative natural origin, which helps cope with insomnia. Its use as a propolis compress is an effective remedy for pain in muscles and joints, as well as the right solution for relieving tension from tired legs.

Dandelion honey

Speaking about what types of honey there are, one cannot fail to mention the true embodiment of summer - the amber product collected by striped workers. Dandelion honey has a thick consistency and rapid crystallization, a pronounced aroma and an unsurpassed taste that eloquently conveys all the sunny shades of summer. Perhaps no beekeeping product is so associated with warm days as dandelion honey.

Useful properties and qualities:

• An effective remedy for gastrointestinal disorders.
• Therapy for anemia.
• An effective product that improves appetite.

Many people also prepare it because this product is incredibly tasty and aromatic.

Honey is not healthy at all

The fact remains: there are also poisonous varieties of honey. Xenophon of Athens, an ancient Greek writer and commander, described one case in which it was said that soldiers who tasted honey from Colchis seemed to fall ill. Some complained of nausea, dizziness and vomiting, others frankly suffered from diarrhea, and several people even died as a result of poisoning from the sweet product.

Poisonous honey was first discovered in 1877, in the Batum Valley. Local beekeepers used only wax because sweet product caused signs of acute poisoning (dizziness, nausea and vomiting). The fact is that this area is characterized by a large population of rhododendron, a plant that contains a large amount of an alkaloid that is dangerous to the human body. Naturally collected by bees in the northern and middle parts of Japan, it also does not have healing properties. The hotsutsayi plant, which belongs to the plant, contains dangerous substances that should never be eaten. In addition, the flowers of azalea, aconite, heather sepals and wild rosemary, growing in the Far East, are raw materials for poisonous beekeeping products. For example, just 100 grams of honey can cause severe hallucinations and loss of consciousness.

Unusual varieties of honey

The sweet product is obtained from a wide variety of, and sometimes unusual, honey plants. Surely few people know that pink honey also exists. No, this is not a tomato variety - this is a valuable product obtained from a delicious plant. Wild rose flowers have absorbed the most valuable thing that this plant can provide - pink honey is effective in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, it is widely used for the prevention of colds and viral infections during the season, and is also used as a delicious dessert cold winter evenings. Rosehip honey is a storehouse of vitamins and valuable substances necessary for the human body and increasing its protective functions.

Pumpkin and carrot honey are other varieties that are distinguished by their unusualness and uniqueness. Honey from bright carrots is natural vitamins for the eyes in its purest form. The product has a golden color and is distinguished by fairly rapid crystallization. used most often for the prevention and treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

Honey from Bashkiria

The sweet product from Bashkortostan is famous all over the world. Beekeeping products are very rare and expensive, but this is due to those amazing and truly magical properties, which local honey has. And it’s not just about the unique plants growing on the territory of Bashkiria - a lot of credit goes to the Burzyan bee, which easily tolerates frost, which means it works much more than its relatives.

Bashkortostan received the status of “land of honey” long before the arrival of the Turkic tribes. Even the name speaks volumes about the attractions of this region - Bashkortostan is translated as “bee” and “head”. Beekeeping has been developing on the territory of the republic for several hundred years - archaeologists were able to discover buried beekeeping equipment and rock paintings, indicating that even in those distant times especially valuable and useful honey was collected on these lands.

There are no analogues to Bashkir honey in the whole world. Finding a truly high-quality and natural product is quite difficult - to get it you will have to go directly to the Republic of Bashkortostan itself and visit one of the fair exhibitions. Of course, such a product will not be cheap, but its qualities more than pay for all the costs. By the way, abroad, real Bashkir honey is served exclusively in elite restaurants.

The unique properties of molasses are due to the special climatic and natural characteristics of the region, thanks to which the frost-resistant product creates a real natural medicine that allows you to cope with any ailment. The raw materials for the production of the Bashkir delicacy are rose hips, dandelion, St. John's wort and feather grass, thyme, chamomile, oregano and sage.

All the beauty and range of taste of honey with a wild character

Honey from wild bees is a unique product in all respects; when talking about it, one immediately comes to mind of the good Soviet cartoon about Winnie the Pooh. It is not surprising that this clumsy little bear wanted to get some honey made by wild bees at any cost.

What's good about this product? The fact is that wild bees are different from domestic bees - they are not so capricious and spoiled by human attention, they tolerate frosts more easily and are less susceptible to various diseases.

Wild honey is also of particular value because it is collected only once a year - as a result of this, the product has time to ripen well and collect all the most valuable qualities and beneficial features. Wild honey, the price of which differs significantly from molasses collected at home, has tart taste with a characteristic bitterness, dark color and greater ductility.

The high cost of wild bee products is also due to the fact that insects are on the verge of extinction - their habitats are protected at the state level in order to prevent interbreeding with domestic bees and preserve the gene pool. Wild honey is made from naturally occurring plants, which means that the healing properties of this product are many times greater than those created with human help.

Honey has long been sought after and used as a natural medicinal product. The unique healing properties of plants combined with the industriousness of bees are harmoniously intertwined in this amazing product which helps get rid of various diseases. Real honey is a storehouse of vitamins, a source of health and vitality, a valuable raw material for cosmetic procedures, and also incredibly tasty treat, which will appeal to everyone.

Honey is obtained from the nectar of flowers of honey plants, which enters the crop of worker bees; at the same time, under the influence of saliva, part of the cane sugar is converted into grape sugar - the main component of honey; this honey is regurgitated by the bees and stored in special cells in the honeycombs, which are sealed with wax caps, after some of the water has evaporated and when the bee secretes a little formic acid into the honey from its poisonous sac (to prevent fermentation of the honey).

Honey is a product of longevity. One of the population censuses and subsequent studies by sociologists established: among long-term residents (over 100 years), beekeepers or members of their families predominate.

It’s as if everyone knows about honey. But not everyone knows that the body of Alexander the Great, who died during campaigns in the Middle East, was transported for burial to the capital of Macedonia, immersed in honey as a preservative.

But not everyone knows that different types of honey are beneficial and suitable for treatment in different ways. You can learn about this from ancient handwritten texts, which describe the characteristics of many varieties of honey and recommendations for using honey to treat various diseases, as well as from ancient medical books.

Good honey has a delicate aromatic scent. The aroma of honey is characteristic of this variety and is due to the content of various substances brought with nectar (120 names), including esters, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, and carboxyl compounds. Honey produced by bees from sugar syrup without nectar impurities is odorless. Aromatic substances are volatile, so the smell of honey weakens over time. The color and smell of honey depend entirely on the corresponding qualities of the flower nectar from which it is prepared by bees.

Light varieties of honey (acacia, linden, etc.) are considered the most valuable. The exception is buckwheat. At the same time, dark varieties are richer in mineral substances that are valuable to the body.

Rules for consumers wishing to purchase high-quality natural honey:

• Honey must be purchased in stores where veterinary control over its quality is carried out, if the seller has documents confirming its quality.
• Honey offered in the system<<сетевого маркетинга>> delivered to your home, usually of unknown origin. In such cases, falsification is very likely.
• Freshly pumped honey does not flow from the spoon when it is rotated, but when drained, it falls into a slide.
• In October, all natural honey, as a rule, should be crystallized. The only exception is white acacia honey from white acacia, which has weak crystallization.
• When checking by organoleptic method (observation), you need to know that honey must have a uniform consistency and have an appropriate taste and aroma bouquet.
• It is preferable to buy honey from a producer rather than from a reseller.
• The most preferable honey to purchase is honey produced in the area where you live, or within a radius of about 500 km.
• When purchasing packaged honey, hand-packed honey has an advantage.

Useful properties of honey

Honey has vegetable origin, is rich in vitamins (, B1, B2, B6, PP, pantothenic acid, folic acid) and contains more than 300 microelements (manganese, silicon, aluminum, boron, chromium, copper, lithium, nickel, lead, tin, zinc, osmium and others), which significantly accelerate metabolic reactions occurring in the body.

The combination of trace elements is very close to the content of trace elements in human blood. Honey is a combination of simple sugars (glucose, fructose), low dose waste (pollen) and water.

Honey contains 60 times more vitamin A than beef. Honey also contains organic acids (malic, tartaric, citric, lactic and oxalic), biogenic stimulants (which have a positive effect on the body, activating its vital functions).

Honey is 100% absorbed by the human body, which cannot be said about other products. Honey is not only an energy carbohydrate product, but also a therapeutic and prophylactic agent that strengthens and rejuvenates the body.

Honey improves immunity, has a bactericidal effect, has an anti-inflammatory and expectorant effect, has analgesic and restorative properties, and has a pronounced anti-allergic effect.

In folk medicine, honey has long been used for colds. Honey reduces sharp, irritating coughs and eases arthritis pain. Honey has a soothing effect on the stomach. Honey also helps old people maintain health.

Linden honey

It can rightly be called a champion among all types of honey for its healing properties. It has a pleasant linden aroma and a pale yellow color. It quickly crystallizes into small crystals, crystallized honey has a lard-like white color. It has a sharp specific taste. It has high nutritional and medicinal properties.

Has antibacterial properties. It has an expectorant, anti-inflammatory and slightly laxative effect.

In folk medicine it is used in the treatment of sore throat, runny nose, laryngitis, brongitis, tracheitis, bronchial asthma, as a heart strengthening agent, for inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, kidney and biliary diseases. Has antiseptic properties. Works well on purulent wounds and burns. This honey can be used in the treatment of any disease if the appropriate type of honey used in the treatment of a particular disease is not at hand.

Acacia honey

White acacia honey has a delicate aroma and pleasant taste. Fresh honey has a light transparent color. It crystallizes very slowly, acquiring a milky white color; Honey can be preserved for a long time in the form of syrup. Of all honeys, it is the most liquid.

It is used as a general tonic, as well as for insomnia, gastrointestinal, biliary and kidney diseases.

Sunflower honey

This is the main variety of beekeeping products in the southern regions of Ukraine. It has a characteristic pleasant taste and faint aroma. In liquid form, it is light golden in color. It crystallizes very quickly, the crystals are large, crystallized honey is yellow in color.

It has good nutritional and medicinal (bactericidal) properties.

Buckwheat honey

Buckwheat honey is extracted mainly in forest-steppe and Polesie regions. It has a high content of proteins, minerals, a very pleasant strong specific aroma and taste. The color is light brown with a reddish tint. An excellent food and medicinal product. Compared to other varieties, it contains more proteins and mineral elements, such as iron.

Useful for anemia, diseases of the digestive system, liver disease, to prevent atherosclerosis and as a heart strengthening agent.

Raspberry honey

Bees collect this honey from forest clearings overgrown with raspberries. At this time, various herbs also bloom wildly in forest clearings, so raspberry honey should rather be classified as polyfloral honey. But raspberries are significantly superior in nectar productivity to other modonifers, and bees prefer to take nectar from them.

Raspberry honey has a light color, a very pleasant aroma, and a wonderful taste. Raspberry honeycomb has a delicate taste and seems to melt in your mouth. Honey harvest from raspberries begins in June - during the period of mass flowering. Bees make this honey from the nectar of forest and garden raspberry flowers. When raspberries bloom, bees fly past other flowers of honey plants, not paying attention to them. This happens because the raspberry flower is tilted to the bottom. When extracting nectar, the bee is as if under a natural canopy or umbrella and can work even during rain.

Raspberry honey is used for colds, as well as a general tonic for vitamin deficiency and kidney diseases.

Barberry honey

It has a golden yellow color, a pleasant aroma and a delicate sweet taste. Bees energetically process the nectar of the flowers of the berry bush barberry.

The medicinal properties of barberry and honey based on it have been known since ancient times. Used as a hemostatic agent.

Burdock honey

It has a sharp pleasant smell, is very viscous, fragrant and tasty. It has a light yellow color with a dark olive tint. Bees collect this honey from small dark pink flowers of hairy burdock and burdock.

It is used in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases and in dermatological practice.

Budyakov honey (honey from thistle)

Refers to first-class honey. It can be either colorless, greenish, or golden (light amber), and has a pleasant aroma and taste. During crystallization, boudyakov honey becomes fine-grained. Bees collect it from the beautiful crimson flowers of a weed with prickly stems and grayish leaves - rosebud or thistle.

Used for insomnia and treatment skin diseases.

Cornflower honey

Bees collect cornflower honey from blue or field cornflower. This honey is greenish-yellow in color and has a pleasant taste with a slightly bitter aftertaste. The smell is reminiscent of almonds. It has not only excellent taste, but also medicinal properties.

Used in the treatment of chronic skin diseases and eye diseases.

Heather honey

It has a dark, dark yellow and red-brown color, a weak aroma, a pleasant or tart bitter taste, and hardens quickly, creating great difficulties when pumping it out of the combs. Unsuitable for wintering bees.

Mustard honey

IN liquid state golden-yellow in color, then, as it hardens, it acquires a creamy hue. Crystallizes into small grains. It has a pleasant aroma and taste. It has good nutritional and medicinal properties.

Pea honey

Pea honey is collected by bees from the flowers of the thin-leaved pea, most often in the steppe region. It is transparent, has a pleasant aroma and taste.

Used in the treatment of the digestive system.

Sweet clover honey

It has high taste qualities. The color varies: from light amber to white with a greenish tint. It has a specific taste, sometimes slightly bitter, and a specific aroma reminiscent of vanilla. Crystallizes to form a solid, coarse-grained mass

Used as a general tonic.

Blackberry honey

Blackberry honey is made by bees from the nectar of the beautiful flowers of the blackberry bush. Blackberry honey is as clear as water and has a pleasant taste.

Used in the treatment of colds and kidney diseases.

Hyssop honey

Bees make it from the nectar of dark blue flowers of a medicinal and honey-bearing subshrub - hyssop, which grows wild in eastern Ukraine, in the Crimea. Hyssop is specially bred in apiaries as a valuable honey plant. According to its organoleptic properties, hyssop honey belongs to the first grade.

Used for insomnia and other diseases.

Chestnut honey

Dark in color with a faint aroma of chestnut flowers and a bitter aftertaste. During crystallization, it first takes on an oily appearance, after which the crystals themselves appear. Has valuable antimicrobial properties. Bees make honey from the nectar of the bell-shaped white and pink flowers of the ornamental horse chestnut tree. This honey is transparent (colorless), liquid, but crystallizes easily and quickly, and sometimes tastes bitter. According to its properties, it belongs to the category of low-grade honey.

Used in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, as well as in the treatment kidney diseases.

Swallow honey

It has a delicate aroma and excellent taste. Bees make this light yellow honey from the fragrant nectar of a very valuable melliferous plant - the swallowtail. In hot weather, louse honey thickens so much in the combs that it is difficult to pump out even when heated.

Used for insomnia.

Pumpkin honey

Bees make it from the nectar of pumpkin flowers. This honey is golden yellow in color, with a pleasant taste. Crystallizes quickly.

Used for diseases of the digestive system.

Alfalfa honey

Bees collect it from the purple or purple flowers of alfalfa. Freshly pumped honey has various shades - from white to amber, quickly crystallizes acquiring a white color and the consistency of thick cream. This honey has a pleasant aroma and specific taste. contains 36 - 37% glucose, 40% levoleza.

It is used in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases and as a general tonic.

Angelica honey

Bees collect it from Angelica officinalis flowers. Angelica honey has a pleasant aroma and taste.

It is used in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, as well as to improve the functioning of the central nervous system.

Melissa honey

Bees make lemon balm honey from the nectar of light purple or motley flowers of lemon balm or lemon balm. Honey has excellent taste.

It is used for diseases of the cardiovascular system or neuroses.

Clover honey

Colorless, almost transparent, with high taste, one of the best light varieties of honey. Upon crystallization, it turns into a solid, finely crystalline white mass. Contains 34 - 35% glucose and 40 - 41% levulose. It is characterized by a naturally low diastase number (less than 10 Gothe units).

It is used in the treatment of vitamin deficiency, as well as stomach diseases.

ATTENTION NURSING MOMS! Consumption of clover honey if there is a deficiency breast milk in nursing women it can provide a certain service, since the plants that serve as raw materials for this honey have a milk-producing effect.

Mint honey

Bees make it from the nectar of perennial flowers spice plant- peppermint, which is why honey has such a pleasant aroma. Peppermint is widely cultivated and produces abundant quality honey. Mint honey is amber in color and contains a large amount of vitamin C. It crystallizes into small grains of light yellow color.

It is used as a choleretic, sedative, analgesic and antiseptic, as well as for diseases of the digestive system.

Dandelion honey

It has a golden yellow color. This is a very thick, viscous, quickly crystallizing honey with a strong odor and pungent taste. Bees make it from the nectar of a well-known and widespread weed - dandelion.

It is used for anemia, loss of appetite, and in the treatment of liver diseases.

Orange honey

One of the highest quality varieties of honey. It tastes good and has a delicious aroma reminiscent of citrus flowers. Bees make orange honey from the nectar of citrus flowers - tangerines, lemons, oranges.

It is used when there is a lack of vitamins in the body.

Motherwort honey

Bees collect it from the pale purple flowers of motherwort, or heart grass, which grows in wastelands. Honey has a light golden, straw color, has a light aroma and a good specific taste. Motherwort flowers contain a lot of high-sugar nectar, so the plants are a valuable honey plant.

It is used in the treatment of diseases of the nervous system and cardiovascular system.

Rowan honey

Yabin honey has a reddish color, strong aroma and good taste. Bees make this honey from the nectars of flowering rowan trees.

Used in the treatment of kidney disease. Rowan honey, boiled together with rowan berries, is consumed internally for hemorrhoids.

Bruise honey

Bees collect it from the pink and bright blue flowers of the bruise or rouge, a very valuable southern plant - a honey plant. This light amber-colored honey is considered first-class, has a spicy aroma and a very good taste. crystallizes slowly and has a thick consistency.

Used for insomnia and respiratory diseases.

Blueberry honey

Blueberry honey is light and has a reddish tint. Exceptionally aromatic and pleasant to the taste. Bees prepare honey from the nectar of the flowers of the well-known low blueberry subshrub.

This honey is used in the treatment of kidney diseases.

Sage honey

Light amber in color, has a subtle pleasant aroma and pleasant taste. Bees make this honey from the nectar of bluish-purple flowers of a perennial subshrub - Salvia medicinal, widely grown in Ukraine, Kuban, etc.

Used as an anti-inflammatory agent.

carrot honey

It is produced from the nectar of the fragrant, white flowers of the umbrella-shaped inflorescences of the two-year-old cultivated carrot plant. Honey has a dark yellow color and a pleasant aroma.

Used in the treatment of eye diseases.

There are other varieties of monofloral honeys. How many types of honey plants - so many honeys. And yet, there are practically no purely monofloral honeys and we can only talk about the predominance of some component.

May honey

This honey is collected by bees from early spring flowering honey plants in April - May. These are hazel (hazelnut), alder, willow, coltsfoot, violet, Norway maple, bird cherry, dandelion, sage, garden trees and bushes, etc.

May honey is one of the most valuable varieties of honey. May honey has a golden color and a wonderful fragrant aroma. It has wonderful taste and medicinal properties. Recommended for use for a wide variety of diseases.

Meadow honey

It is obtained from meadow flowers: dandelion, shepherd's purse, thyme, thyme, white clover, mouse pea, meadow thistle, wild mallow, St. John's wort, hogweed, clover, meadow cornflower, sage, chicory, motherwort, tartar and many other plants, others honey plants growing in meadows.

If dandelion nectar predominates in this honey, it will be more yellow in color. Meadow honey is pleasant to the taste and has an aroma reminiscent of a bouquet of blooming meadow herbs.

Meadow honey is characterized by high nutritional and medicinal properties. It has an antibacterial effect. It is used in the treatment of various diseases, especially kidney diseases, and has a softening, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect.

Forest honey

Bees produce it from forest honey plants: wild fruit trees - rose hips, hawthorn, Tatarian maple (black maple), viburnum, willow, linden and other plants - raspberries, blackberries, lingonberries, fireweed (fireweed), heather, oregano, lungwort strawberries. It has many shades: from light yellow to dark brown. It is always darker than the field color. By taste qualities Honey collected from forest herbs is not inferior to meadow and field honey, but if it contains a large amount of honeydew or nectar from buckthorn and heather, its taste is reduced.

Forest honey from spring honey plants (rowan, willow, fruit trees, acacia, raspberries, blueberries) is in great demand. This honey has absorbed healing qualities forest herbs and therefore gained fame as a cure for all diseases. It is used in the treatment of various diseases, and especially for kidney disease.

Field honey

Bees obtain this honey from coriander, sainfoin, lavender, rapeseed, sow thistle, rosewort, pikulnik, gillweed, phacelia and cultivated plants - sunflower, rapeseed, buckwheat, alfalfa, mustard. It has a calming effect on the nervous system, recommended for headaches, insomnia, palpitations and pain in the solar plexus.

Mountain honey

Traditionally, mountain honey is considered more valuable among polyfloral honeys. Collected in alpine meadows at an altitude of over 1000 meters. Smells similar to<<лесной мед>>, absorbed the healing qualities of many high-mountain plants and gained fame as a panacea for many diseases.

Mainly used for respiratory diseases.
Monofloral honeys, as a rule, have the smell of the plants from which they are collected and are distinguished by exquisite, subtle, piquant aromas. Often, different honeys are mixed to obtain such exquisite reserves. The aroma of honey can be weak, strong, subtle, delicate, with a pleasant or unpleasant color. When slightly heated, the aroma of honey increases.

The physical properties of honey - aroma, taste, consistency depend on the set of honey plants and the maturity of the honey.
The quality of colored honey depends on the composition of plants, soil composition, climatic conditions (often previous years), bee breeds.

Bees collect and carry to the hive not only nectar, but also any other sugar solutions: fruit juices, sugar syrup, milk. Clover

Special types of natural honey

Tobacco honey

Honey is dark brown in color, with a bitter taste and aroma similar to the smell of tobacco. Crystallizes slowly. Honey is obtained in the usual way - from the nectar of ordinary flowers. It is known to have weak antimicrobial effects. However, the nutritional and medicinal properties of tobacco honey have not been studied enough by specialists, and for this reason this honey is not recommended for treatment and nutrition.

Stone honey

Rock honey is a rare and unique type of honey. It is collected by wild bees, depositing it in the crevices of rock cliffs. Fawn colored stone honey, pleasant aroma and good taste. Honeycombs with honey contain almost no oriental substances and in appearance they are a single crystallized substance similar to candy. Due to the high glucose content, honey is slightly hygroscopic. Unlike regular bee honey, rock honey is not sticky and therefore does not require special containers. It is well preserved without changing its qualities for several years. Based on its place of origin (regional basis), it is called Abkhaz honey.

A variety of rock honey is also found in Uzbekistan, where it is collected by bees from dzhugara, a special type of millet. It is very thick and difficult to pump out, and after pumping out it quickly crystallizes into a very dense, hard lard-like mass. Honey is white in color, with a strong aroma and pungent taste.

Powdered honey

Powdered honey is very rare. It is not hygroscopic and contains large amounts of glucose and melicitose. The bees collect such honey from such honey plants has not yet been clarified. And it is this that has a powdery consistency.

Poisonous honey

It is also called "drunk honey". It is produced by bees from the nectar of flowers of azalea, mountain laurel, andromeda, rhododendron ponticus, hellebore and some other plants, as well as flowers of marsh shrubs - heather and wild rosemary. In its pure form, this honey is poisonous. Such honey is identified by studying its origin and biological tests. 50 - 100 g of this honey causes headache, vomiting, diarrhea, pale or blue face, palpitations, weakness, itching, and sometimes cramps. The toxicity of honey is explained by the content of an alkaloid, andromedotoxin, in rhododendron nectar, which has a rich, intoxicating aroma.

In Japan, bees collect poisonous honey from a plant called hotsutsai. Bay trees, which grow in Mediterranean climates, contain andromedotoxin, so the honey produced from them is also poisonous.
Bees collect poisonous honey in the Caucasus, the Far East and some other areas. However, it has not yet been established exactly from which plants honey collection is carried out in each case. This honey is non-toxic for the bees themselves.

Signs of poisoning with such honey appear 20 minutes (up to 2 hours) after eating it. In weak and exhausted people, this happens very violently: there is a rise in temperature, vomiting, itchy skin, numbness, dizziness, loss of consciousness, the pulse becomes weak, thread-like (up to disappearing or slowing down to 50, even 30 beats per minute). The victim's face takes on a transparent bluish tint, the pupils dilate, breathing becomes difficult, cold sweat breaks out on the skin, and arms and legs hurt. This state lasts 4 - 5 hours.

Not every beekeeper can name all the elite or all dark varieties of honey. Some of this information is generally closed to buyers. And you need to know her. List with photos and videos.

Each apiary produces honey of several varieties during the season, and in total different varieties and there are more than a hundred species. Each honey plant produces one variety; in addition, honey can be obtained from honeydew. All varieties are useful in their own way, and they all have bactericidal properties. Everyone can learn to distinguish one variety from another by studying the characteristics of such a wonderful product as bee honey.

List of known varieties

If bees collect nectar from different honey plants at the same time, the honey turns out to be polyfloral. Any polyfloral variety is also called a forb. Monofleral honey is more valued, but its types and varieties are so different that not a single catalog contains even half the names. Below are most of the varieties known and available in Russia.

Acacia honey

Honey from white acacia is record-breakingly liquid and transparent. Yellow locust adds color. Both varieties belong to the elite, having a low glycemic index. The period of sugaring exceeds a year, and the benefit is to normalize metabolism. Acacia grows in Russia, Canada and Kenya, and the variety is one of the most expensive because it does not cause allergies.

It is counterfeited by adding corn syrup, which is difficult to detect.

Brown color, long period of sugaring and tart taste are the main characteristics of buckwheat honey. It belongs to the elite, helping to treat the gastrointestinal tract and restore red blood cells. Bactericidal properties are also pronounced. Honey is collected in Altai and Canada - in the second case, the color resembles ruby.

Because of its ability to absorb starch, it is usually added.

Small-leaved linden is the main honey plant in Bashkiria. Honey turns out to be slightly less liquid than acacia honey.

It helps against colds, being a strong expectorant.

The variety belongs to the elite, and the fakes contain molasses.

https://vk.com/video-117739482_456239036

Chestnut honey

There are two varieties: horse chestnut and food chestnut. The second of the two varieties is elite, and its sugaring lasts 2-3 years. The benefits are due to the mild effect on the nervous system, which is not typical for horse chestnut. Bactericidal properties are record high. The variety is distinguished by the place of collection - Sochi, Crimean, etc.

They fake it by passing off one variety as another or by adding burnt sugar.

Sweet clover honey

White sweet clover honey is not popular in Russia, but in Canada and the USA this variety is more widespread. Yellow sweet clover nectar contains a lot of glucose, and the product is candied within a month, unlike the competing variety with a long crystallization period. The main purpose is a diuretic. Both varieties are distinguished by a record content of coumarin, which thins the blood. The light amber hue changes upon crystallization, and the consistency then resembles ghee.

Fake honey is either not candied or is rapeseed.

Fireweed is fireweed, and its nectar quickly becomes sugary. The consistency becomes greasy, and the greenish color changes to a shade of cream.

The delicate and subtle taste is not lost.

Fireweed honey is used to treat inflammation of the mucous membrane.

The fakes contain rapeseed nectar.

The honey plant is white, red and pink clover, native to Russia and Canada. Bees are more willing to collect nectar from white clover, but the product from such nectar is candied faster - in 2 or 3 months. In this case, the amber-orange tint becomes beige. The taste remains very delicate, and the smell of herbs does not fade.

The counterfeit product is not capable of being candied.

The variety is valued in Europe and is present in Russia.

The main specialization is restoring the balance of hormones.

Sugaring lasts for many months and then the color turns pink and white.

The fakes contain molasses.

Sunflower honey

Sunflower nectar serves as the basis for bee products, which are produced in Altai and Europe, but not in America.

Sugaring occurs very quickly and the color turns bright yellow.

The taste is considered moderately tart, the aroma is weakly expressed.

Honey is of low grade. They don't fake it.

Angelica, also known as angelica officinalis, is a rare honey plant in Europe and Asia. Honey is useful in treating diseases of the heart and blood vessels, as well as the nervous system.

Color can vary from amber red to brown. After crystallization, which must be waited for a year, the product darkens and becomes resin-like.

Fake honey is honey of less rare varieties, to which burnt sugar has been added.

Raspberry nectar is used to form a product used as an antipyretic. After candiing, the color becomes light cream with a brown or greenish tint. The smell of raspberry flowers practically does not dissipate, and when falsified, raspberry syrup is used.

The variety is distributed throughout the world.

Heather honey

Heather nectar is a source of bee product, familiar to many from Stevenson’s ballad. The product is produced in Scotland and Asia Minor, as well as in the Caucasus and Western Siberia. A characteristic feature is its density, which does not allow the honeycombs to be easily released. The crystallization period is endless, and the benefits are expressed by the ability to treat asthma.

Burnt sugar is added to the fake.

If a bee product is formed not from nectar, but from honeydew, then it is called honeydew. This product is harmful to bees, but very beneficial to humans.

Characteristic properties: dark color, increased density and low moisture content. The crystallization period will be long, it is not defined.

There are no fakes - we are talking about a low-grade product.

Honeydew collected from pine needles can be the basis of a bee product that is not candied.

Fir and spruce, that is, their needles, give the product a brown-green color, while pine only gives it a yellow color. Regardless of color, it will be characterized by a high potassium content.

No fakes were detected.

A bee product that looks like sour cream is a cream prepared by whipping.

Honey from rapeseed is used for cooking, and the shelf life increases.

You can add berries and nuts to the finished cream.

The fake is diluted with filler - flour, sawdust, etc.

Only one honey plant can provide the bee product with a rich black color.

This is black cumin, the nectar of which bees collect mainly in Egypt.

According to local healers, the beneficial properties are inexhaustible: the product is suitable for treating the gastrointestinal tract and heart. It is also used as a disinfectant.

The fake is cane molasses.

Honey with royal jelly

The mammary glands of bees that have recently emerged from the combs produce a product that accumulates in the bath cells.

Storage is difficult and royal jelly added to honey, not exceeding a concentration of 1 to 100.

The benefits are inexhaustible, but the properties have not been fully studied.

Counterfeit products do not contain milk.

A mixture of different nectars is called a forb.

All varieties differ in origin and color: meadow, forest, mountain, also dark and light.

Regardless of color, honey has a strong tonic property.

A fake is a mixture of monofloral products of several varieties.

All varieties are divided into two groups - flower and honeydew.

If products from two different groups are mixed, the mixture will no longer be marketable, but it will remain edible.

Flower varieties are those formed from any nectar - acacia, linden, etc.

It is counterfeited by adding burnt sugar, molasses or starch.

Mountain herbs always contain nectar from elite honey plants - edible chestnut, linden or acacia.

Also, any mountain variety has a unique shade that cannot be obtained by regular mixing.

An example is Abkhaz honey, in which the concentration of chestnut nectar exceeds 20%.

Counterfeits are mixtures prepared from monofloral honey.

The variety is rare. It's better to call it apple tree. The properties have been little studied, but the ability to stimulate the immune system has been revealed.

Another product is better known: apple pulp is added to light flower honey, and the mixture is evaporated at T = 40-45°.

It turns out to be a cure for cystitis and any inflammation in the joints.

The main thing is not to buy apple product instead of apple honey.

The variety is one of those that are almost never found on sale.

The sugaring process proceeds quickly, and the benefits are due to the mildest choleretic and diuretic effect.

More often, a honey product is prepared by filling the cavity of the pumpkin with sugar. Perhaps the benefit in the second case will not be much less.

The fake is candied sunflower honey.

If watermelon pulp evaporate for several hours to obtain a bright red product.

Its name is nardek, and it is used only in cooking.

TO bee honey they add bee bread, but then the color turns brown.

Watermelon honey is not faked.

You can add a special type of algae preparation to any bee product.

As a result, the natural taste will not change and will even be enhanced.

The healing qualities are also enhanced, but the color changes.

Neither propolis nor honeydew mixture can give honey a rich green color.

Within the genus Apis, there are not one, but seven species of bees. Many of them do not live in hives, but their honeycombs are accessible to humans, filled with nectar in the same way as in ordinary apiaries.

After honey collection, the honeycombs can be removed and the finished product sold. The best known is the Himalayan variety, which is described in the table.

There are no wild bees in Russia.

Cedar secretes honeydew, and bees form it into a product with a characteristic shade.

The variety is artificial: cedar resin is added to light forbs.

The proportion can be 1 to 1.

The deception consists in imposing an opinion about the natural origin of the variety.

The product of the first pumping, obtained in any apiary, is called May.

The variety is a variety of light forbs. The period of sugaring depends on the nectar composition, but does not exceed one year.

Maximum benefit appears after 5-6 months of storage.

A fake is a product of a later development.

A honey plant called Tea Tree grows in Australia and New Zealand.

The product from its nectar is thick; it is not candied for almost a year.

The healing properties are associated with antiseptic and antiviral effects.

When adulterated, molasses is usually added.

Any bee product with a specific gravity of 1.450 or more is called dry.

There is another definition: dry honey is honey powder or granules that need to be dissolved in water.

Essential oils are lost during processing.

The question of usefulness remains open.

Honey plants from the coniferous forests of Siberia and Altai form a special and unique mixture that has healing properties.

The product does not sugar for a long time, remaining liquid for almost a year, and the benefits are due to the high content of vitamins and minerals.

The variety is easy to recognize by its rich color.

A mandatory feature is a coffee tint.

The variety belongs to light forbs formed by honey plants of deciduous forests.

The mixture always contains wild raspberry nectar, which is useful in the treatment of colds.

The ideal balance of ingredients is the main advantage of the variety.

Molasses is added to fakes.

	Fortress, %	What is added	Note
Cossack	05.06.2017	Juniper, allspice	–
Oprichnaya	5.3	Ginger, cinnamon, cloves	–
Streletskaya	5	Rose hip	–
Five-altyn	5	–	Instead of sugar - malt
Half a half	7,8 – 8,3	–	More honey is added + increased aging time
Two hryvnia	4,8 – 5,8	–	–

Steppe honey plants give the product a dark color, and the variety is called steppe to emphasize that the nectar is collected from wild plants.

Pesticides are used on cultivated plantations, and the beekeeper should not make a single mistake.

In general, the variety is characterized as follows: meadow herbs, often dark and always without impurities.

Honeydew, that is, honeydew, is not found in the natural product.

Honey plants grow in the fields and meadows, giving the product a light or, conversely, very dark color.

The field variety can be called a meadow forb in another way. We are talking about dozens of nectars, but one always prevails.

Oregano nectar is useful for insomnia, and sage treats inflammation.

When adulterated, granulated sugar is added.

When pumping out honeycombs, any product comes into contact with oxygen. A suspension or fog is formed, and the reaction occurs on the surface of the droplets.

The smaller the drop, the more oxides the resulting mixture contains. This problem is not typical for commercial honeycombs - they are supplied in their original form.

It is impossible to falsify wax honeycombs.

The absence of a honey bribe is not a reason for the beekeeper to grieve.

For feeding, syrup made from water and sugar is used.

The bees fill the cells with syrup mixed with enzymes. After removal from the honeycomb, the product quickly turns sour.

You can add a mixture of nuts to a commercial bee product that has not yet been candied.

It usually contains almonds, hazelnuts, cashews, walnuts and pine nuts.

The color of the product becomes brown, diuretic and choleretic properties increase.

Different technologies are used, and honey does not always comply with GOST.

The nectars of many plants are not useful, but harmful to humans.

These include azalea, mountain laurel, aconite, marsh wild rosemary and some others.

Food poisoning cannot be ruled out.

Products from different monofloral varieties can be mixed.

Most often this is done to prepare a counterfeit.

Sometimes even elite varieties are used.

The mixture cannot be stored for a long time, and it does not look like a natural product.

	Allergy	Dermatitis, eczema, etc.	High blood pressure
Recipe	2/3 tbsp. elecampane, licorice, marshmallow root + cold water 500 ml	A handful of elecampane root + 5 tbsp. rendered lard	1/2 tbsp. elecampane and licorice color + 2 cups boiling water
Cooking	Leave for 10-12 hours.	Keep on fire for 1/4 hour.	Keep in a steam bath for 1.5 hours
Application	1/3 tbsp. per day, can be with honey (heated)	Lubricate at night	1/2 tbsp. 2-3 times a day

We are talking about an artificial variety obtained at home.

The mixture usually contains honey, lemon pulp and zest.

We must remember that lemon reduces blood density in the same way as ginger. There will be many contraindications.

Classification of varieties

Each variety can be light or dark, floral or honeydew. Moreover, only monofloral varieties belong to the elite. The same applies to low varieties - rapeseed, sunflower, etc. All honeydew honey, according to Russian GOST, is considered low-grade.

Light varieties

There are more light monofloral varieties known than dark ones. These include:

• Acacia;
• Lime;
• Sainfoin;
• Crimson;
• Jantaka (camel thorn honey), etc.

This division is no different in different countries. The list may contain more than a hundred items.

Dark varieties

Among the dark varieties there are many rare ones. And when asked to list them, only two are usually named. They are presented at the beginning of the list:

• Chestnut;
• Buckwheat;
• Heather;
• Burdock;
• Rowan;
• Tulip;
• Caraway;
• Carrot.

The blueberry variety is controversial.

Elite varieties

Several varieties belong to the elite class:

• Chestnut;
• Acacia;
• Lime;
• Buckwheat.

Here is the list for Russia. In some countries, the coniferous variety is also considered elite. The same applies to sweet clover honey.

Rare varieties

The truly rare varieties are the following:

• Tobacco;
• Carrot;
• Dandelion;
• Pumpkin;
• Apple;
• Hawthorn.

The latter is even considered non-existent. Hawthorn is a very ineffective honey plant. And on the shelves it is difficult to find honey from the nectar of lingonberries, blueberries or strawberries.

The types of honey and its varieties are very diverse. Honey can be dense or liquid, vary in color from whitish, almost white, to dark amber, in taste and aroma. Numerous varieties of honey are divided according to the type of honey plant and the nectar collected. Honey can also be honeydew or flower (this is a division based on origin), either pure or mixed.

Types and varieties of honey, their beneficial properties are actively used in medicinal purposes in folk medicine, in particular apitherapy. Various printed and electronic publications contain a lot of information about what types of honey there are, how they are classified by type, honey collection area and honey plants.

Types of honey depending on the type

Steppe or meadow type of honey

• Altai honey – meadow and field honey. The honey collection contains plants such as coltsfoot, dandelion, burdock, sweet clover, buckwheat, alfalfa, sunflower, and willow.
• Bashkir meadow is huge variety honey plants, trees and shrubs: honeysuckle, hawthorn, elm, bird cherry, linden, alder, cow parsnip, sage, fireweed, motherwort, fireweed.
• Honey from central Russia is divided into fruit and meadow varieties. Fruit varieties of honey are collected from fruit trees and shrubs: currants, gooseberries, apple trees, pears and others growing in the middle zone.

Honey, which is collected from apple and pear trees, cherries, cherries, and peach trees, is yellow in color with a reddish tint and delicate aroma, sugary-sweet taste, contains fructose (42%) and glucose (31%). This honey is early, the period of the main honey collection begins in late spring.

Honey collected from meadow herbs is amber, very tart and fragrant, and has excellent healing properties. Sage, St. John's wort, sweet clover, thyme, oregano are the main honey plants of meadow varieties.

• Central Asian steppe varieties belong to the steppe species and are collected from plants such as fireweed and sunflower.

Mountain type honey

• Caucasian honey. Its main property is slow crystallization, for a long time remains in liquid form, it is collected mainly from chestnuts and acacias.
• Gorno-Altai honey. Typical honey plants are burdock and squirrel (Saussurea).
• Kyrgyz varieties are Toktogul, Issyk-Kul, Chon-Kemin, Susamyr honey. Honey plants are plants that grow high in the mountains, at approximately an altitude of 1200 to 3000 m. The famous camel thorn, edelweiss, sage, hawthorn, oregano, mint, currants, and clover grow here. This is an expensive type of honey; in particular, camel thorn honey is highly valued for its healing qualities; it is used for sore throats, shortness of breath, and in the treatment of coughs in children and adults.

Forest type of honey

This type of honey includes the following varieties:

• Taiga honey. Its main honey plants are angelica, pine and cedar conifers. This honey does not crystallize, has a brownish tint with a greenish tint and a slight sour taste.
• Altai honey is collected from plants such as cow parsnip, forest raspberry, angelica
• Pre-Ural honey is whitish in color, delicate, collected from strawberries, linden, and raspberries.
• Bashkir honey has a yellowish tint or brown; its main honey plants are fireweed, oregano, hogweed, raspberry, angelica and linden.
• Honey from the central part of Russia. The main plants for honey collection are maple, willow, fireweed, ash, wild raspberry, strawberry, hawthorn, and oak. It has a rich taste depending on the shade. The more delicate the taste, the lighter the honey, for example, willow honey is light and very delicate.
• Far Eastern honey is collected from Amur and Manchurian linden, lilac, and cherry. It crystallizes quickly, the crystals are large and soft, and at the same time quickly soluble. Very light.

Types of honey and its varieties depending on origin

• Honeydew honey is obtained from honeydew. This is a sticky sap that secretes on the leaves of trees, shrubs, tree bark, and young shoots. These types of honey and its various varieties are produced from honeydew collected during the dry, warm weather of the summer months. Honeydew is collected from coniferous, deciduous trees and shrubs.

This is a forest type of honey and includes the following varieties: linden, ash, oak, willow, acacia, spruce, fir, fruit, etc. In terms of sugar and amino acid content, honeydew honey is richer than flower honey.

• Flower varieties of honey are pure and mixed, polyfloral. Bees harvest polyfloral varieties of honey during the flowering of meadow herbs: cornflower, oregano, sage, clover, thyme and many other herbs from meadows and fields. This honey, whose shade ranges from light, golden to dark, depends on the set of herbs present in it, is beneficial for health and is also used as a medicinal agent in apitherapy.

Varieties and properties of honey used to treat diseases depending on the variety and honey plant

Honey in the human body is absorbed by 97% and, bypassing the digestive system, goes directly into the blood. It can be stored for a long time, but it cannot be heated above 40 degrees. The composition contains many vitamins B, C and P, important organic acids (folic, nicotinic), minerals, trace elements (potassium, chlorine, phosphorus, fluorine, copper, iodine), so necessary in human life.

Contains hormones in optimal amounts for humans, aromatics. Due to this, it is actively used in apitherapy: used for wound healing as a bacteriostatic agent, and used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.

Honey can be used as an adjuvant for the treatment of bronchitis. Applicable as dietary product. In cosmetology it is included in numerous creams and face masks due to its ability to moisturize the skin.

• Buckwheat honey has a very tart taste and bright aroma, when eaten, causes slight irritation in the throat. This is honey of a bright, almost reddish hue. Jars of buckwheat honey look very nice in the photo. It contains a lot of iron, so buckwheat honey is very useful for anemia and anemia.
• Rapeseed honey is honey with an unexpressed bitter taste, very light, almost white, small crystals fall out easily and quickly, so it has some similarity to lard. Rapeseed honey contains a lot of glucose and is used to increase potency.
• Linden honey is very aromatic and contains large amounts of glucose and fructose. equal shares, used as a diaphoretic to treat colds, coughs, and to prevent heart disease.
• Willow honey. The main honey collection occurs in early spring. Honey has golden hues and crystallizes quite quickly. It is used for colds, to reduce body temperature, has a choleretic effect, and is used in the treatment of hepatitis.
• Carrot honey is obtained from seed and wild carrot plantations. The main harvest of such honey occurs in July, when white flowers appear on the carrot stems. Carrot honey has shades of dark brown color, it contains carotenoids, it is used for anemia, decreased immunity, especially in children, and for inflammatory diseases eye.
• Cucumber honey is collected during the flowering period of cucumbers; the productivity of cucumber honey collection is small, only 30 kg per hectare. This type of honey is rare, although cucumbers are very good honey plants. Honey is yellow-amber in color, not at all bitter, delicately aromatic, used to treat the urinary tract, as a choleretic agent, and used for constipation.
• Motherwort honey is used as a remedy for diseases of the nervous system, as a mild sleeping pill, good in the treatment of neuroses, and also as a wound-healing and anti-inflammatory agent.
• Mint honey is very High Quality, fragrant. Mint as a plant for honey collection is very productive. It blooms from early summer to mid-autumn. Mint honey is a type of meadow honey; honey is collected almost all summer from meadows and fields. It is used for diseases of the digestive system (gastritis, colitis, etc.), to treat inflammatory processes of the gums and teeth.
• Thistle honey is a high-quality product collected during the flowering of such an unpleasant honey weed as sow thistle, usually adjacent to milkweed. It has indications for the treatment and prevention of gastric and intestinal ulcers due to its antiseptic properties.

For example, to treat stomach ulcers, you need to prepare a mixture of thistle honey and pollen: take two tbsp for 20 g of honey. spoons of pollen and grind thoroughly in a mortar. Take 1 tsp. three times a day for three weeks before and after surgery. Thistle honey is mainly taken during surgical interventions.

• Acacia honey is obtained by bees in acacia plantations. It has a delicate syrupy consistency of light shades and almost does not crystallize. Traditional healers recommend this type of honey as a means to generally improve the tone of the body and for diseases of the digestive system. It is hypoallergenic and therefore can be given to children.
• One of the best varieties is raspberry honey. When freshly picked, it has a light golden hue and is easy to crystallize. Its honey collection period begins with the beginning of summer.

Many varieties of honey have a pleasant sweet taste with a slight sourness and delicate aroma. The degree of sweetness depends on the ratio of carbohydrates and their quantity. Varieties with different botanical origins have characteristic flavors.

Rapeseed honey is very tart and sugary, dandelion honey has a harsh taste, heather and cornflower varieties have a bitter aftertaste. Pleasant taste The following varieties of honey are available: willow, parsnip, rowan, and sage.

Conclusion

The grade of honey is determined by many organoleptic characteristics. But indicating the type of honey does not mean that it is absolutely pure and produced from the nectar of the very plant whose name it bears. In each variety there is always a share of another variety. Each type of honey has its own characteristics, depending on the ratio of amino acids, minerals and polysaccharides in its composition - glucose, fructose and sucrose.