On our windowsills, along with the usual indoor flowers, you can often find real exotics. Geraniums and violets are already accustomed to such neighbors as lemons, mangoes, avocados, which have grown from seeds. But experiments with heat-loving, fastidious plants are not always successful. But there is no limit to the joy of gardeners, if, nevertheless, a plant grown with such care gives a harvest.
Persimmon - just like that exotic plant, which, with proper care, can give you surprisingly healthy and tasty fruit fruits. In order for persimmon to yield a crop at home, you need to make a lot of effort, as well as be patient.
Two in one - both tasty and healthy
It often happens that delicious food not entirely useful or even harmful, but everything turned out well with persimmon - it is extremely useful and at the same time many people like its taste. There are, of course, complaints about its astringent properties, which even makes some people refuse to use this storehouse of useful substances. The problem is completely solvable. First, choose absolutely ripe fruits. They have a lower content of tannin (tannin), which gives the persimmon an astringent taste. Secondly, if it was not possible to find ripe fruits, a freezer will help get rid of the astringent effect. Put a persimmon there for 12 hours - and the problem is solved.
What is the use of persimmon
By consuming this miracle fruit, you get a lot of useful substances:
It is hard to believe that all this can be contained in the persimmon familiar to us. It is useful to use it during a diet. It is low in calories - but at the same time it satisfies hunger well. calories different varieties persimmon may vary slightly, but the average is 63 kcal / 100 grams.
How persimmon grows
the birthplace of this useful plant considered to be China. This information is not scientifically confirmed and is based on the fact that there can be found trees that are several hundred years old. This tree is very common in Australia, Italy, America, Turkey, Tajikistan. It grows wild in the Caucasus and Central Asia. Belongs to the ebony family. AT natural conditions persimmon chooses light, semi-sandy, well-permeable soil. Depending on the variety, it can grow in the form of evergreen shrubs or deciduous trees. Persimmon leaves have a rich green color and by autumn they acquire a crimson hue.
At favorable conditions persimmon trees can reach 15 meters. But their standard height is 3-4 meters. Interestingly, closer to November, the leaves fall off and only bright fruits remain on the branches of the tree.
Varieties of persimmon: description of each variety
There are a lot of varieties of persimmon, but only some varieties are available to us. What can we see on the shelves?
"King" - fruits round shape, large, orange, darkening when ripe. Very juicy and sweet persimmon. Amateur reviews say that this is the most tasty variety fruit. Ripe persimmon "Korolek" has no astringent properties.
"Big King" - taste qualities identical to the previous variety, but the fruits are larger and the flesh has a slightly more brown tint.
"Mandarin persimmon" - sometimes it is called honey for its sweet, even cloying taste. It is shaped like a tangerine. When this persimmon is fully ripe, the pulp becomes very soft, similar to jelly. For this reason, it cannot be transported.
"Bull's heart" - large and very sweet variety persimmon, but not as cloying as "tangerine". The pulp is bright orange color and even with ripening does not become darker.
"Fig" - this variety was named because of the specific shape of the fruit. They are dark in color, almost chocolate in color. It ripens earlier than other varieties, and therefore appears on sale very first.
Given such a variety of persimmon species and all its useful qualities, many people have a question about how persimmon grows and will it be possible to grow a fruit-bearing tree on your own? Read on and you will see that there is nothing complicated in this.
Growing persimmon at home. Myths and reality
Those who are interested in growing persimmons from the stone often abandon this venture before they even start. It's all the fault of common myths that growing persimmons at home is simply unrealistic:
- Myth number 1 - the bones do not sprout. The main problem of poor seed germination may be their poor quality. You need to take a bone from a freshly eaten fruit - this guarantees an almost 100% result. If the bone has already lain down for some time, you can use the recommendations and carry out a special treatment before planting.
- Myth number 2 - it is necessary a large number of fertilizers. The rebuttal is this: persimmon is a plant that can easily adapt to poor soil. Overfeeding is much more harmful to her. Naturally, if you want to get a healthy plant and a good harvest, it is better to feed it, but persimmon is no more demanding on the composition of the soil than other crops.
- Myth number 3 - persimmon - tropical plant, requires year-round heat. This is partly true - the plant comes from the tropics, but in our environment it has adapted quite well and, in order to bear fruit at home, it needs a cold period. Some varieties tolerate twenty-degree frost without consequences.
Planting material preparation
To see how a persimmon grows, the first thing you need to do is plant the seeds. Bones for planting are taken only from ripe fruits. First, be sure to rinse the bones from the remnants of the pulp and dry them. Next, there are two options. The first is to immediately lower the seeds into the prepared and pre-disinfected soil mixture. In this case, seedlings will need to wait up to two weeks. To slightly speed up the process of the appearance of sprouts, you can pre-sprout the seeds. They are placed between two layers of cotton, and placed in a warm place. Cotton wool needs to be moistened as it dries. As soon as it becomes noticeable that the seeds have taken root, they are moved to the prepared soil. From now on, carefully observe how the persimmon grows. The first sprout often appears with a bone at the tip. You need to carefully release the plant from it, otherwise it may dry out.
Proper plant care is the key to future harvest
While the plant is in the flowerpot, it is necessary to monitor watering - in no case should it be flooded, provide it with good illumination and, if the weather permits, take it out as often as possible. Fresh air. As the persimmon grows, you need to transplant it into larger flowerpots.
When fertilizing a plant, it is important not to overdo it. For the first couple of years, you can use fertilizers recommended for indoor plants. It is important to alternate minerals and organics.
In our climate, persimmons in open ground rarely planted. Most often it is kept in large flowerpots or in greenhouses. If you want to get fruits as soon as possible, it is worth grafting the plant. In this case, the trees begin to bear fruit at the age of 3-4 years. From the unvaccinated, the first harvest is expected for at least 7 years, and in conditions of low humidity - even longer.
If you keep a persimmon in a greenhouse or at home in a flowerpot, then you need to control its growth and the size of the leafy part. Pruning will help form the correct rounded shape of the crown. It is worth starting the formation of a tree silhouette when it reaches 40-60 cm in height.
How to winter
Where and how does persimmon grow when it's cold outside? In winter, the plant is stored in a cool room. Ideal temperature will be +5 - +8 degrees. Those who think that the warmer the room for "wintering" persimmons, the better, are very mistaken. In order for the tree to actively bear fruit, it is necessary to keep it in the cold for one and a half to two months.
Time to harvest fruits
Those who plan to grow persimmons for harvest should consider one important nuance is a dioecious plant. There are male and female trees. Obtaining seed fruits requires mandatory pollination. Some varieties of persimmons can simultaneously produce both male and female flowers, which differ in size. Female flowers are large and solitary, while male flowers are small, growing in inflorescences. To obtain a crop, artificial pollination is sometimes performed.
There is a difference in how persimmon grows here and how it grows in a natural tropical climate. Also, due to the temperature difference, the ripening time of the crop is slightly shifted. The fruits are harvested from October to November. Even autumn frosts will not affect the quality of these fruits.
When harvesting persimmons, special care is important. The fruits are firmly attached to the branches and, in order to remove them without damaging the fragile pulp, you need a pruner. The calyx is left, and the stalk is cut to the maximum so that during storage it does not damage the soft shell of the fruit. Persimmon with dents and other damage must be immediately selected and eaten quickly, otherwise it will rot.
After harvest, the fruits should be stored for some time in a well-ventilated, dark and cool room where they ripen.
This is how you can get fragrant from several seeds exotic fruit called persimmon. The description of the procedure for growing this plant can interest any gardener, and the details about the beneficial properties of this miracle fruit will undoubtedly motivate action. Do not be afraid of the exactingness and fastidiousness of the plant. Just a little effort and patience - believe me, the result will not be long in coming.
Persimmon (Latin diaspyros - heart apple) - fleshy sweet berry orange. Persimmon is widespread in tropical and temperate climatic zones. The northern part of China is considered to be the birthplace of persimmon, but currently persimmon is grown in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Greece, Kyrgyzstan, Turkey, Crimea, Australia, America and other countries. There are more than 500 types of persimmon around the world.
Selection and storage of persimmons
When choosing a berry, you should pay attention to the size of the fruit, its color and the condition of the upper leaves. Green leaves and a pale color indicate that the persimmon is not ripe. If the fruit has large brown spots and small dark dots, then the fruit is frozen or hit and has already begun to deteriorate.
The most delicious persimmon, which is sold in the markets of Russia and Ukraine, has a uniform bright orange color, soft to the touch and the size of a woman's fist. Keep ripe persimmon must be stored in the refrigerator in the fruit and vegetable compartment, and damage must be avoided. For long-term storage the fruit can be washed cold water cut into slices and freeze in freezer. At low temperatures fruits retain their properties for six months. If the persimmon is not ripe enough when buying, then it must be kept warm for several days, for example, on the table in the kitchen.
Nutritional value per 100 grams:
Useful properties of persimmon
Composition and presence of nutrients
Low acidity (citric and malic) berries favorably affects the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract with peptic ulcer, liver and kidney disease, as well as excretory tracts. Its antibacterial properties protect and kill various E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The vitamins contained in persimmons (, PP,,) and trace elements (calcium, potassium, iron, phosphorus, manganese, magnesium, iodine, copper) help with beriberi, a small number of red blood cells and scurvy. Some cardiologists prescribe persimmon fruits to their patients as a therapeutic and prophylactic agent to remove excess water from the body associated with poor heart function, and in order to reduce the load on the kidneys, they recommend drinking the berry with milk (about 100 ml).
Persimmon has a fairly low glycemic index, i.e. the sugars contained in the berry nourish the body, but at the same time do not increase the level of glucose in the blood and do not accumulate in the form of body fat. Also useful material persimmons have a positive effect on the treatment of atherosclerosis, while 100 g of berries is the recommended amount for daily use.
Persimmon provitamins have a beneficial effect on the body with malignant tumors and in the treatment of leukemia. These same substances help to restore normal brain activity in case of encephalitis and hemorrhage, to calm overly excited nervous system, improve performance.
The use of persimmon in cosmetology
Persimmon is widely used as a cosmetic care product for those prone to acne and enlarged pores. To do this, mix the pulp of one berry with one egg yolk. Apply the resulting slurry not to the face, bypassing the area around the eyes and the triangle of the mouth, and leave for 30 minutes. Then rinse everything off with warm water.
For oily skin, you can prepare a mask of beaten egg white and grated persimmon pulp. It is also necessary to add aloe and sea buckthorn juice (1 tbsp each), liquid honey and glycerin (1 tsp each). Apply the mask to the skin of the face and neck and leave for 15 minutes. Remove the rest of the mask with a cotton swab dipped in warm water and apply moisturizer to cleansed skin.
Persimmon in dietetics
Persimmon, as a source of useful and energetically valuable sucrose, is used in dietary rations. So it is recommended by nutritionists for a vegetarian and Kremlin diet.
In cooking
Persimmon is widely used in cooking in the manufacture of salads, waterfowl meat dishes and desserts (puddings, jelly, jam, marmalade and others), as well as drinks (fresh, cider, wine, beer).
For a sweet persimmon salad, you need to cut three small persimmons into slices, cut strawberries (100 g) in half, pour lime juice, orange (2 tablespoons each) and liquor (1 tablespoon). Prepared fruits should be put in a bowl, on top of vanilla ice cream.
lat. Diaspyros, which means " heart apple”) is a large, juicy orange berry that is common in temperate tropical countries. The homeland of this orange berry is the northern part of China, but at the moment it is also common in many countries of Eurasia. To date, there are about 500 - 700 types of persimmons. Is it round or oval shape, looks like a tomato, and weighs about 500 grams. The peel of this berry is thin, glossy and very sweet, while the flesh is fleshy and has about 8 smooth and shiny seeds. The chemical composition of persimmon
This fruit is rich in many useful substances that have a beneficial effect on the human body. It contains vitamins, micro and macro elements, natural acids as well as glucose and sucrose. Persimmon is a low-calorie product, 100 g of a berry contains only 70 kcal. And also 3.6 g or tenth daily rate soluble and insoluble dietary fiber.
10 health benefits of persimmon
Persimmon has many useful and irreplaceable properties, so it is necessary product for disease treatment and prevention various diseases, such as:
Persimmon also has excellent bactericidal agents. AT traditional medicine persimmon pulp is used to heal various wounds or burns.
Contraindications
In spite of big list useful and medicinal properties, persimmon still has a number of contraindications:
- Children under three years of age should limit the intake of persimmons;
- You can not use this berry for constipation, hemorrhoids, diabetes, as well as severe obesity;
- It is not recommended to use persimmon in your diet if it causes you an allergic reaction.
- Sick diabetes it should also be consumed in moderation, as it contains an increased amount of glucose and can raise blood sugar levels.
In the Middle East, persimmon fruit has long been considered the fruit of the prophets and symbolizes wisdom.
AT ancient greece people knew about everything healing properties persimmon fruit, and called this fruit "divine fire".
A South American persimmon cultivar, when fully ripe it becomes dark, like dark chocolate, in color. By the way, it also tastes like chocolate, which is why this variety is called “Chocolate Pudding”.
In Japan, this fruit symbolizes victory and is called the "fruit of fruits."
Arabs and Persians believe that there are genies in the trunk and twigs of persimmons, which transfer a little fire to the orange fruits.
In order to prepare a kind of bread, North American natives used small fruits of wild persimmon for this.
There are many countries that use this fruit for cooking. alcoholic beverages such as beer, wine and even sake.
In Georgia and Armenia, parents give persimmons to their daughters, as they believe that this fruit gives beauty, happiness and family well-being.
Persimmon appeared on our markets not so long ago. But I liked it right away. The unusual texture and amazing, incomparable taste of this fruit is gaining more and more fans. It contains vitamins A, C, D and P, a lot of trace elements, especially potassium, magnesium, iodine and iron, and is very useful for hearts, with varicose veins, with anemia.
Like many orange fruits, persimmon is a strong antioxidant, and also suppresses the action. This wonderful fruit has a number of other useful properties. The inhabitants of the middle zone know that they bring these fruits to our markets and shops from somewhere in the south, either from the Caucasus, or from Turkey. But few people have seen where and how persimmon actually grows.
This tree is native to Indochina. There it is found in the wild in the mountains, at altitudes up to 2.5 kilometers. It prefers light clay soils and grows best in areas where winters are not too cold (the tree tolerates frosts down to -18°C) and summers are not too hot. Persimmon was introduced into culture in Manchuria, and has already quickly spread throughout Southeast Asia right up to Indonesia and the Philippines. At the end of the 19th century, she falls into North America and Australia, and at the beginning of the 20th century - to the Mediterranean region, the Caucasus, Europe, South and Central America. In general, to see how persimmon grows, you need to go to the Caucasus or to Turkey and Israel.
The persimmon tree is quite tall, reaching 10 meters. Its large glossy leaves immediately give out a southern origin. Trees, as a rule, are heterosexual, male and female, but bisexual are also found. Among them there are those that do not require pollination. On such trees, the fruits grow without stones. Persimmon blooms late, also late, starting in October, its fruits ripen. Fruits profusely. To ripen completely, for example, in the conditions of the Caucasus, it does not have time and ripens when stored at room conditions. Its well-known bright fruits reach impressive sizes, up to 500 g, and are very sweet in taste. But in order for them to find their true texture and sweetness, the fruits must be allowed to ripen. When ripe, they become brighter, unripe fruits have a duller shade and a strongly astringent taste. Although everyone famous variety, colloquially called Korolek, is completely devoid of this astringent taste. In fact, this variety of Japanese origin is called Hyakume.
Almost every amateur gardener in our middle lane could not resist planting a bone of such yummy at home in winter in a pot in order to try at least at home to see how persimmon actually grows, and even, maybe, get fruits. The first year the tree grows very quickly, and the pots will have to be changed very often, because if the roots do not get a place to develop, the tree will simply die.
But for those who make every effort and knowledge of agricultural technology, persimmon, which is very problematic to grow indoors, will surely give juicy and tasty fruits in five years.
But science does not stand still. New varieties have been developed that, having good taste withstand temperatures down to -20°C. And already in the Kuban and in the Rostov region, these varieties are successfully grown. And some daredevils are trying to raise this southerner in the suburbs. So, in order to see how the persimmon grows, soon, you may not have to go south, but simply go to your neighbor's garden plot.
Also, from the presented article, you will learn what properties this product has, whether it can be used during pregnancy, etc.
general information
Few people know what persimmon is useful for. And before giving you this information, I would like to tell you a little about the product itself.
The name of the fruit "persimmon" has Greek origin. It literally translates as "divine fire" or "food of the gods." This word came to Russian from Farsi, where in the original it sounds like “خرمالو”, that is, “hormal”, which means “date plum”.
Fruit or berry?
Today there is a lot of debate about whether it is a fruit or a berry. However, experts say that it is more correct to use the second word in relation to persimmons. Indeed, in almost all reference books, this fruit is referred to as seed berries. But if it is convenient for you to assume that persimmon is a fruit, then no one will punish you for it.
Where did it come from and where is it distributed?
Useful qualities of persimmon are not known to everyone. And before telling you about them, you should tell where this fruit came from in our country. Japan is considered the birthplace of persimmon. It was from this state that the seeds of the product were first brought to us at the end of the 19th century. Although scientists believe that the real homeland of this exotic berry China was and still is.
It should be noted that there are about 500 varieties of persimmon. All of them grow in a tropical (or very close to it) climate. The most famous varieties in Russia are “sweet chocolate”, “kinglet”, “impatient Japanese” and “tart Caucasian”. It is this persimmon that can be purchased in Russian stores or markets.
What persimmon vitamin-containing fruits are those that grow in the Indo-Malay region. Although no less useful is the persimmon that is brought to us from Eurasia, America and even Australia.
What is persimmon good for?
The question posed is of interest to many persimmon lovers. After all, before buying this fruit, it is very important to have information about which organs and how exactly it affects.
So what is persimmon good for? Let's answer this question right now.
Persimmon: useful properties during pregnancy
While carrying a child, many women are forced to forget about some fruits and berries that can adversely affect the fetus. It should be noted that persimmons are often referred to as such products. However, most experts point out the fallacy of this opinion. So how does persimmon affect a woman's body? Useful properties (during pregnancy) play an important role for normal. Persimmon has a lot of magnesium, which, of course, has a very positive effect on all metabolic processes. Also presented fruit is saturated with iodine and iron. It is these elements that are essential for the normal bearing of the child and the health of the expectant mother.
Benefits for women
The beneficial properties of persimmon for women are known to few. But those who own this information try not only to include such fruits in their diet, but also to make all kinds of them out of them. cosmetics. What is it connected with?
The beneficial properties of persimmons for women are such that by regularly consuming such fruits, the fair sex is able to quickly restore the deficiency of macro- and microelements in her body. And this fact will undoubtedly affect its appearance. After all, thanks to useful properties Persimmons in women stop hair loss and exfoliate nails. In addition, the skin of the weaker sex becomes tender, velvety and covered with a healthy blush.
If you decide not only to use persimmon, but also to use it to prepare various masks, then we suggest using the following recipe.
For cosmetic purposes, it is recommended to make a face mask. To do this, take the pulp of one persimmon, and then mix it with one egg yolk. After mixing the components, they should be gently applied to the face and kept for 25 minutes. Such a tool is good for acne proneness, as well as for enlarged pores.
Benefits for men
What is useful persimmon for men? This question interests many representatives of the stronger sex. And before answering it, I would like to say that persimmon is a storehouse of vitamins and elements that are quickly and well absorbed by the body. That is why this product is recommended to be included in the diet of all family members, regardless of their age and gender.
Speaking about the usefulness of persimmon for men, it should be noted the property of the fetus to prevent the development of prostatitis. Besides, regular use this product significantly reduces the risk of problems with the stomach and intestines. Even a small amount ripe pulp can prevent the development of abnormalities in the thyroid gland.
It should also be said that the increased content of magnesium in ripe fruits significantly reduces the risk of formation. At the same time, persimmon has a rather mild diuretic effect, due to which it is able to remove salts and harmful substances from the kidneys.
In winter, almost every person experiences a lack of this mineral, which immediately affects his appearance and health. It should be noted that male body tolerates magnesium deficiency quite hard, and he will use it much more intensively than the female. This is due to the fact that from regular lack of sleep, constant stress and a large amount of work in the body of a man, magnesium becomes less and less. Signs of this phenomenon may be muscle spasms, depression, the appearance of excessive irritability, etc. Also, a lack of magnesium provokes heart disease. That is why it is very important to include in the diet of men this delicious orange fruit especially in winter time.
Benefits for children
What is useful persimmon for men and women, we described above. However, such a fruit should not only be used by adults of the stronger or weaker sex. After all, for children, it can also bring a lot of good things.
What is useful persimmon for children? As you know, the unformed body of a child is very susceptible to the penetration of all kinds of viruses and infections. To protect your child from colds and other diseases, he is recommended to give persimmons regularly. After all, it contains a lot of vitamin C and A. Also, the composition of the presented product includes many different elements that can have a beneficial effect on the development child's body. To verify this, we offer you a list of those vitamins, macro- and microelements that are contained in persimmon.
Useful properties of the orange fruit
Ripe persimmon fruits contain the following substances:
Product calorie content
Despite such a rich composition of persimmon, it is rather low. Moreover, the presented fruit has a low calorie content. So, for 100 grams of persimmon, there are only 62 energy units.
Persimmon - medicine for the liver
In this section of the article, we will tell you about the benefits of persimmon for the liver. The presented fruit (or berry) is able to improve its work, as well as prevent the development of age-related neoplasms. In addition, regularly including persimmons in your diet, a person can noticeably improve his own liver. After all, this fruit contains special substances that contribute to the removal of toxins that accumulate in it throughout life.
Not only fruits are useful
The beneficial properties of the orange fruit are manifested not only when the pulp is consumed. Indeed, according to experts, with beriberi, tea, which is brewed from the leaves of the tree, also helps well. It should also be noted that all the properties of persimmon are preserved even after it seasonal harvest, or rather after freezing, drying or drying.
Contraindications for use
Before purchasing such a product for its consumption, you should find out what contraindications it has. So, it must be remembered that persimmon slightly increases blood sugar, and therefore it is not recommended to include it in the diet of diabetics and obese people. Also, the orange fruit should be given with caution to children, as in some cases it can cause various allergic reactions in the form of rashes on the skin (or even Quincke's edema).
Another important point for safe use persimmon is its compatibility with other products. For example, persimmons are not recommended to be eaten with milk or cold water. Also, you should not buy unripe fruits (greenish), as they contain a lot of tannin, which is able to bind all the food in a lump, worsening the digestion process and causing constipation.
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