Soybean (Glycine hispida Maxim.). Mexico and Central America. Conditions for growing soybeans

Soybean (Glycine) from the legume family is recognized as one of the main crops that can make up for the deficiency of food and feed protein.

In China, it has been cultivated for 4-5 thousand years. It has been known in Europe since the end of the 18th century.

Fruit Nutrients:

Fats from 18 to 27%. The basis is made up of essential fatty amino acids - linoleic, linolenic, oleic.
Complete proteins balanced in amino acid composition - 35-50%. well absorbed by the body. By biological value not inferior to animal proteins. Soy glycerin, as a base, lowers blood cholesterol levels.
Carbohydrates (mainly sucrose) - 20%. Well soluble in water. A small amount of starch provides dietary quality.
The content of vitamins A, B, C, D, E is responsible for the antioxidant properties.
The mineral component (K, Ca, F, Mg) has an alkaline reaction, as a result of which the body accumulates nitrogen when fed with soy protein.

Soy is recognized as one of the main crops that can make up for the deficiency of food and feed protein

Soy is used as a basis for the manufacture of various products:

soybean oil and flour;
vegetarian analogues of animal products - milk, meat, cottage cheese, tofu cheese;
fermented seed paste - miso;
soy sauce.

Also, soy is used as a universal additive in the production of food products which significantly reduces their cost. It is used for the manufacture of butter, margarine, in baking and confectionery production.

How many nutrients are contained in 100 g of seeds:

protein - 32–45 g;
lysine - 2.2 g;
methionine - 0.5 g;
arginine - 0.7 g;
B vitamins - 7.7 mg;
carotene - 0.3 mg;
tocopherol - 2.5 mg;
iron - 10 mg;
magnesium - 7 mg.

Gallery: soy (25 photos)

The benefits and harms of soy (video)

How to grow soybeans in your area

According to the production classification, soybean varieties are divided into ultra-early, early-ripening, mid-ripening and late-ripening. Late-ripening varieties are characterized by high yields. It should be remembered that soya is a warm and light-loving crop.

Advantages of early ripening varieties Annushka, Bilyavka, Viliya, Mageva, Yaselda, Stviga, Ustya, Berezina, Pripyat, Veras:

a high degree of adaptation to climatic conditions throughout Russia;
beans have the properties necessary for processing for food and fodder purposes;
resistant to adverse environmental factors;
short growing season.

Late-ripening soybean varieties are characterized by high yields

Soy improves the structure and enriches the soil with nitrogen. In crop rotation, soybeans are placed after potatoes, corn, tilled, winter or spring grain crops. Perennial legumes and legumes are unsuitable as predecessors due to common diseases and pests. Crops are overgrown with weeds due to the low height of shoots and weak shading of the soil surface, as well as due to slow growth at the beginning of the growing season. In the 40–50 day period from germination to branching, yield losses from weeds can be 30–50%. It is necessary to protect crops from weeds at an early stage of development - it is advisable to use herbicides.

The Mavka variety with a growing season of 120–130 days is suitable for growing in the central and southern regions. Sowed in the third decade of May, harvested at the end of September. Heat-loving varieties Smuglyanka and Atlanta are cultivated in the southern regions. They are characterized by high yield - 5 t/ha. The protein content in beans is from 37 to 43%.

Soy improves structure and enriches the soil with nitrogen

The optimal time for soybean sowing occurs with stable warming of the topsoil from 10º to 14º C, air t 10–15º C - in late April, early May. In the early stages of development, when new leaves, stems and pods are formed, a lot of heat and light is needed. Does not tolerate temperatures below 3°C. Less heat is required during plant maturation. During the flowering and pollination phase (soybean is a self-pollinating plant), at temperatures below 20°C and above 30°C, the number of pollinated flowers decreases, resulting in a decrease in the number of beans in the internodes, which negatively affects the yield.

Soy does not need abundant watering - it is genetically adapted to the periodic lack of water. The pubescence saves it from dehydration, the taproot system allows you to extract moisture from the deep layers of the soil.

Well watered:

during the germination period;
flowering, setting and fruit formation.

The optimal time for soybean sowing occurs with stable warming of the topsoil from 10º to 14º C

In the second half of the growing season, excess moisture can cause uncontrolled growth of shoots and lodging of the aerial parts of plants.

Soil composition requirements:

It grows on any type of soil, except for heavy and waterlogged ones.
On acidic soils, symbiosis with nodule bacteria is disrupted.
Manure is not applied before sowing, as acidity increases.

Methods for preparing soil for soybeans:

leveling the site;
weed control;
moisture retention;
fertilization.

Varieties of soy products (video)

Seed preparation for sowing:

Seed treatment with biofertilizers - inoculators, in order to fix atmospheric nitrogen and improve nitrogen nutrition. It is carried out if the cultivation of soybeans is planned for the first time in the field, or when the yield drops. Inoculation increases yield by 10–30%. Treatment with molybdenum and nitragyn gives a noticeable increase in yield at minimal cost.
In order to suppress phytopathogens, seeds are treated - they are protected from infection with ascochitosis, fusarium, gray rot and mold. Ferazim is used as a disinfectant.

Row spacing is not strictly defined and depends on the variety. Usually ranges from 17 to 50 cm, for tall varieties - 70 cm.

Seeding depth:

well-moistened any soil - 3-4 cm;
heavy soil with a dry top layer - 5–6 cm;
light soil - 6–8 cm.

If the rules of agricultural technology are not followed, soybean is vulnerable to diseases such as soybean mosaic, fusarium rot, fusarium wilt. It is recommended to sow 2-4 varieties with various terms vegetation.

In order to suppress phytopathogens, soybean seeds are treated with

Useful and medicinal properties of soy

Due to the presence of iron, calcium, magnesium, potassium and phosphorus in an easily digestible form, regular consumption of soy products is indicated in the diet for iron deficiency anemic conditions.

Soy contains isoflavones (phytoestrogens), which have high antioxidant activity. In countries with a high consumption of soy products, Japan and China, there is a low percentage of cardiovascular, oncological diseases, diabetes and osteoporosis. Isoflavones and soy protein have the effect of reducing cholesterol levels by 10%, as well as plasma triglycerides and blood lipoproteins.

Soy protein is 95% digestible and does not contribute to the formation of uric acid, unlike animal protein. In order to correct the endocrine status and maintain body weight at a constant level, postmenopausal women benefit from a soy diet. Isolate-based mixtures are shown to young children who are on artificial or mixed feeding with individual intolerance to milk protein. soy protein.

Characteristics of soy

Soy is a plant belonging to the legume family. This culture originated in Asia and gradually spread throughout the world. Today, soybeans are grown in Europe, in Northern and South America, Australia, Asia and Africa.

Almost all existing varieties soybeans are climbing perennials. But it is cultural soybeans that are grown for human consumption.

Soybean seeds are called soybeans. Soybeans are a popular and well-known food product throughout the world. For its incredibly high yield and nutritional value, soy is rightfully called the “miracle plant”. And this title is well deserved, because the number vegetable protein in each soybean seed is almost half of its total mass. That is why soy has come to be used as an inexpensive meat substitute.

Due to its composition, soy has become simply indispensable product for people suffering from diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and diseases of the kidneys and liver.

The height of plants can be very different - from 15-20 cm to several meters. The stems can be both thin and thick, sometimes they are bare, and sometimes they are pubescent.

The soybean fruit or bean contains two or three oval-shaped seeds. But the sizes of the seeds can be very different, but the most common are medium-sized seeds with a weight of 150-200 g.

Soy loves heat. Seedlings appear at a temperature of +14 °C. But for the rapid growth and maturation of soybeans, more heat- about 21-25°С.

Soybean is not afraid of drought, but during the flowering and development of the beans, the plant still needs moisture, otherwise the ovaries may dry out. Therefore, when growing soybeans in a hot, dry climate, irrigation is indispensable. Do not over-moisten the soil on which soybeans grow, as this is fraught with the death of the roots of the plant. The soil moisture level should not exceed 80%.

Soybean's growing season increases as you move north, as soybean is a short daylight crop. However, today there are many new varieties adapted for growing in conditions of long daylight hours.

When growing soybeans, remember that this crop prefers loose soils that have a neutral reaction. In no case do not grow soybeans on acidic soils, as this will disrupt the nutritional mechanism of the plant and lead to a sharp reduction in yield.

Agricultural technology

Before sowing soybean seeds, it is necessary to cultivate the soil - carry out early plowing to a depth of up to 25 cm. When cultivating the soil, it is important to remove all existing weeds.

Before planting soybean seeds, they must be cleaned and treated with nitragin. The temperature of the soil at the time of planting the seeds should be about +15 ° C. The distance between rows in the garden is from 30 to 60 cm, depending on the climate and humidity. The optimum planting depth for soybean seeds is 5 cm.

Proper care of soybean crops includes harrowing the soil before emergence, careful weed control, weeding and loosening the soil.

You can fertilize soybeans with various fertilizers, but the emphasis, nevertheless, should be made on phosphate fertilizers. Soybean responds very well to the complex application of mineral and organic fertilizers.

Soybean maturity occurs when the beans of the plants turn brown, and the leaves turn yellow and fall off. On agricultural land, harvesters or harvesters are used to harvest soybeans.

In order for soybean seeds to be stored for a long time, the beans must be dried and threshed, and then stored in a layer no more than one meter in height at a relative humidity of 12%.

Secrets of Successful Soybean Growing

When growing soybeans, it is necessary to observe following rules agricultural technology:

1. Soybean blooms quickly and grows better with short daylight hours.

2. Frost can damage seedlings, so soybeans should be planted when the soil is already warm enough and dry.

3. The presence of fertile soil is one of the main conditions for the successful cultivation of soybeans. Grow soybeans on black soil, loamy and sandy soils.

4. Before planting soybeans, apply superphosphate and rotted manure to the soil.

5. During the flowering of plants, be sure to feed them with complex fertilizer.

6. Soy, like any other crop, grows best in well-groomed soils. Try to regularly remove weeds and loosen the soil.

7. Soybean has a powerful root system, so this crop is not afraid of a short drought. But with an excess of moisture, there will be no high yield. Water your soybeans according to soil moisture and climate.

8. The area where soybeans are grown should be sunny. Avoid shady and dark areas.

10. There is one good remedy in the fight against the destruction of soybean seeds by mice - before sowing, they must be dipped in melted paraffin.

11. As you know, soybeans ripen in August-September if the weather is dry. But what to do when it starts to rain during this period? It's simple: you need to uproot the plants and hang them in a dry room, where the soybeans will ripen quietly.

12. The surest way to increase soybean yield up to 50% is to update varieties, crop rotation every three to four years and improve agricultural technology.

Possible difficulties

Soy can suffer from pests, as well as bacterial and fungal diseases. In total, there are about 30 types of diseases. The most dangerous of them destroy about 40% of the crop.

During the entire growing season, soybeans are affected by various pests. In spring, the culture suffers from larvae of weevils, click beetles, winter cutworm, meadow moth, burdock, aphids and spider mites. In the summer the greatest harm the same spider mites and bean moths are applied to crops.

Most often, the appearance and reproduction of pests is due to adverse climatic conditions (drought or high humidity of the soil and air), frost, poor soil and the presence of weeds.

by the most effective means in the fight against pests of soybeans, first of all, the observance of agricultural technology and the application of complex fertilizers have always been considered.

The most healthy seeds that will give a high yield will be seeds treated with drugs such as fundazol or ferazim. You need to pickle them about a month before planting.

In the case when insects still hit the plants, it is worth using chemicals based on malathion or cypermethrin - they will help in the fight against winter scoop, meadow moth, leaf beetle, soybean codling moth and bean moth. And in order to save soybeans from spider mites, use Karate or Omite preparations.

The appearance of pests can be avoided by planting soybean seeds on time, alternating watering and fertilizing, and regularly removing weeds. If the climate is dry, soybeans should be watered more frequently, and if the air and soil have high humidity, water the plants moderately and not too often. When growing soybeans, it is also extremely important to observe crop rotation - this will help get rid of both pests and diseases.

The most dangerous fungal diseases of soybeans are white and ashy rot, fusarium and diaspora. The sources of these diseases are fungal spores, which are found both in the seeds themselves and in the soil. To avoid these diseases, you must strictly follow all the rules of agricultural technology. If the seeds are of high quality, and the soil is well-groomed and cultivated, there will be no serious problems and crop losses.

Often soybeans also suffer from bacterial and viral diseases - angular spotting, bacterial wilt or soy mosaic. Most often, viral diseases are carried by insect pests, such as aphids.

The appearance and development of such diseases can be prevented, for which it is necessary not only to prepare the soil and seeds in advance, but also to carefully examine the crops in order to identify the first signs of the disease.

Often, pest larvae or viruses and bacteria that provoke certain soybean diseases are located precisely on the leaves and stems of weeds - field thistle, creeping wheatgrass, bristly thistle, chicken millet, knotweed, cocklebur, field mustard. That is why weeds are very dangerous, they must be removed carefully and as often as possible. Herbicides are ideal for removing weeds, which must be applied to the soil twice - before sowing and during the growing season.

Try to grow soybeans on your plot - and you will be convinced of the low demands and excellent yields of this wonderful crop.

Soy or Chinese oil peas - popular product nutrition, which one way or another is included in the diet of any person.

Soy for Vegetarians irreplaceable source squirrel. It is eaten as in kind(soybeans), and in the form of all kinds of soy products. it soy flour, meat, milk, butter and even soy cheese(cottage cheese) - tofu. From fermented soybeans make a number of completely special products- tempeh, miso and natto. Known and "Chinese asparagus" - foam soy milk. It is also called yuba, doupi or fuli.

For people who eat meat, the choice of products that include soy is much wider - these are sausages and confectionery, dairy products, canned food, mayonnaise, concentrates, pastries, sweets, all kinds of drinks and much more.

The widespread use of soy gave rise to a lot of rumors about its dangers and benefits. Some argue that soy is not only completely safe for health, but also brings great benefit. Others say that the nutritional value of soy is too exaggerated, and side effects deliberately not advertised.

We will try to give the most objective information that will help everyone draw their own conclusions regarding the benefits and harms of soybeans.

Composition and calories

First, a little about the composition of soy. Her beans are 40% vegetable protein. It practically does not differ from proteins of animal origin. The share of fats and carbohydrates accounts for 20%, water - 10%. The remaining 10% were equally divided between ash and fiber.

Soy is rich in lecithin, it contains all B vitamins, vitamins A, PP, H and E. It contains a lot of macro- and microelements, especially potassium, calcium phosphorus, silicon, iron, zinc and manganese. Soya - natural source bioflavonoids.

It has enough calories in 100 gr. dry soy contains 364 kcal.

Why is soy useful?

Eating soy reduces the level of bad cholesterol in the blood. Due to this property, Chinese oil peas are the most in a positive way affects the state of blood vessels and cordially- vascular system generally. For example, in Asian countries or India, where soy is a traditional food product, the population is much less likely to suffer from heart disease.

Soy fiber provides the body with valuable alimentary fiber. This prevents constipation, perfectly cleanses the intestines from undigested residues and improves its peristalsis. Due to its absorbent properties, fiber naturally removes toxins and harmful substances from the body.

Soy prevents the development of osteoporosis, increases density and strengthens bone tissue. It removes excess fluid from the body, helps with diabetes and cholecystitis. Soy milk helps with diseases gastrointestinal tract. It is prescribed for cirrhosis of the liver and general exhaustion.

Saturating the cells with macro- and microelements, soy has a rejuvenating effect on all tissues of the body. It improves the condition of the skin, making it more elastic.

Who benefits from eating soy

soy products normalize hormonal background. This quality makes it possible to alleviate the condition of women in the menopause and prevents the development of female diseases. The antioxidant properties of soy are also known - it was found that the bioflavonoids contained in it prevent and stop the development of cancer cells. Soy products and hypertensive patients are shown.

Soya beans - source of vegetable protein, which is completely absorbed by the body. This is its huge advantage over the "meat" protein. Soy dishes do not lead to the appearance of extra pounds and are suitable for everyone who dreams of slim figure. Soy is a part of many diets, and tofu cheese is generally considered the best product for a fitness diet. On the basis of soy, many "sports" supplements and dietary supplements are being developed.

Small beans contain soy lecithin, which has a beneficial effect on the nervous tissue Soya improves the activity of brain cells, so it is recommended to enter it into the menu for everyone who wants to increase concentration and improve memory. Soy is a salvation for people suffering from intolerance to dairy products and allergies to animal proteins.

Who is contraindicated for soy?

Soy is not suitable for people with endocrine diseases - its effect on hormones leads to a general imbalance. The result will be general weakness, disease states, obesity and constipation. Soy can provoke the formation of kidney stones, so it is better to limit its use to people with urolithiasis.

There are many cases when soy accelerated the aging of the body, suppressed the development of brain cells and led to the development of Alzheimer's disease.

One of side effects with the use of soy by adult men - a decrease in sperm activity and testosterone levels. Causing a hormonal imbalance, she provoked an increase in the mammary glands in them and reduced sexual activity.

For women, "soy addiction" threatens to reduce reproductive function and can lead to infertility. That is why it is especially undesirable to abuse soy products for teenage girls.

Regular use soy can provoke metabolic disorders, a significant decrease in immunity and the development of cancer. In a number of cases, soy diets have been associated with the occurrence of chronic diseases, as well as ailments, the nature of which could not be explained.

Soy in the children's diet - the opinions of scientists

Chinese oil peas and any products containing them are not recommended for children. The reasons are very different.

Numerous studies confirm that soy has Negative influence on the hormonal background of the child, causing a surge of hormones. For girls, this is fraught with too early maturation, and for boys - an increase in estrogen levels.

Soy also causes pancreatic diseases in children, serious disorders in the gastrointestinal tract and provokes the development of allergies. There are many proven facts that children food based on soy reduces immunity: with age, this leads to numerous diseases.

It is strictly forbidden to give children products from genetically modified soybeans, since its effect on a fragile body has not been studied. It is known that even an adult, at least (!) After 10 years of regular use of soy, will be able to objectively assess the impact that it has had on his body.

Is it useful or harmful?

All of the above is based on scientific justification and irrefutable evidence. This brings the debate about the benefits and harms of soy to a dead end. However, there is a way out of any impasse - you just need to look for it well.

Let's remember when exactly the first disagreements began? That's right - when soy products began to massively enter the shelves of stores and markets in our country. But before, these were scarce, "exotic" goods, which you will not find in the afternoon with fire! The reason was the high yield of soybeans, which was a direct consequence of genetic engineering. Here it is - the way out!

Genetically modified soybean is not damaged by pests and is resistant to diseases - this made it possible to grow it for export to huge quantities. The output of soy products has increased many times, and the technology of their production is also developing at an intensive pace. Soy products and supplements have gone from being “little for a few” to “a lot for everyone”.

Scientists themselves admit that the consequences of consuming genetically modified soybeans can manifest themselves in decades (!) Years and even directly affect children and grandchildren. Although its harm is not officially recognized.

Thus, if you are sure that "natural" soy is in your diet - Bon appetit! Although it is better not to give it to children at all, or to give it little by little. Genetically modified beans are a "box with a surprise" and no one knows whether it will be pleasant or not very ...

One of the oldest crops found in China, Korea and Japan is soybean. The plant was brought to the European continent in mid-eighteenth century. For a long time growing it in industrial scale no one was interested, and only at the very end of the 19th century this culture was noticed by English breeders, and its beneficial features appreciated.

The first soybean fields appeared in the United States at the beginning of the next century. Soon, a real soy boom began in the country, which is not at all surprising. Such unpretentious leguminous plant like soy:

allows you to get huge yields;
grows very fast;
does not require painstaking care;
has a high protein content;
contributes to the prevention of many diseases;
is used to produce a huge number of products that at first glance have nothing to do with it;
for many years acts as a substitute for meat and milk.

The cultivated plant has trifoliate leaves and straight bare or pubescent stems that vary in height between 15 centimeters and 2 meters. Lilac flowers, or white color. The seeds have oval shape and predominantly yellow. The size and weight of the seeds depends on the variety, the weight of some beans reaches 300 grams. On the territory of Russia, soybeans have been growing almost everywhere since 1924. It was at this time that they first began to think about how to adapt the beneficial properties of the plant to food production.

Useful properties of the product

Despite the fact that the plant is a cheap product, its nutritional value for the human body is very high. So, soy and products based on it in large quantities contain:

Squirrels. The increased content of proteins, not less than 40%, makes soy indispensable for diabetics and people suffering from cardiovascular diseases.
Vitamins A and E. The presence of these vitamins allows us to talk about the antioxidant properties that the plant has, which allow it to fight excess radicals and restore the structure of damaged cells.
Lecithin. The element is responsible for the metabolism in the human body. Regular consumption of beans can significantly reduce weight, and bring the level of cholesterol in the blood to the required norm. The benefits of soy in this regard are undeniable.
Phospholipids. Elements that are directly involved in cleansing the body of bile. Their benefit is also to improve the functioning of internal organs.
Fatty acid. The presence of fatty acids has a positive effect on work human body generally. The amount of fat varies between 18-27%.
Isoflavones. Special substances that prevent the formation of cancer cells. The benefits of isoflavones are questioned by some scientists, they believe that these substances have not only beneficial properties, but can also be harmful.
Tocopherol. The substance has a positive effect on immune system prevents premature aging of body cells. It is present in the seeds of the plant in an amount of 1.3 mg/100 g.
Micro and macro elements. Iron, boron, potassium, aluminum, nickel, cobalt and copper are all trace elements present in the fruits of the plant. They also contain calcium, sulfur, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, silicon and sodium. The presence of iodine in the amount of 0.15-0.2 mg / 100 g is observed. Such a high content useful substances rare in one plant.
Carbohydrates and sugars. The amount of carbohydrates in soy reaches 20%.

In addition, soy low-calorie product causing a feeling of satiety even after consumption not a large number food, which allows you not to overeat and keep the human body in good shape.

The nutritional value

The nutritional value of soy determines its beneficial properties and allows us to talk about reducing the risk of developing diseases such as:

atherosclerosis;
breast cancer in women;
diabetes;
stomach ulcer;
hepatitis;
psoriasis;
anemia;
bowel disorders.

But the beneficial properties do not end there, special attention to soy should be paid to women during menopause. It allows you to successfully cope with osteoporosis and hot flashes, which significantly improves the well-being of a woman, and helps to normalize her mood.

Dangerous qualities, contraindications

Natural soy, obtained in its original form, is basically harmless. But there is always a risk that excessive consumption of soy products can negative impact on the body. Thus, studies in recent years have proven that it is better for people suffering from thyroid diseases to exclude soy from their daily diet. It is quite capable of harming the endocrine system.

The increased content of isoflavones can impair blood circulation in the brain, and the presence of phytoestrogens can slow down brain activity. Regular consumption of soy as a staple food causes the development of Alzheimer's disease in older men and women.

From a large amount of soy in the diet, it is necessary to protect, first of all, children. Soy is present in many children's favorite treats, so before buying a particular product, you need to carefully study what it is made of, assess the harm and risk. The constant consumption of soy products by children under 3 years of age can disrupt their physical development. The growth of boys slows down, while girls, on the contrary, accelerates.

Pregnant girls and women should refrain from using it, as the risks of developing pathologies increase. Allergy sufferers should also be wary. The harm lies in the ability to cause severe allergic reactions.

The presence of oxalic acid in soy products can cause urolithiasis. The harm of soy for kidney function has been proven for a long time, so this fact should not be ignored.

If we are talking about a genetically modified product, then even a small amount of it can cause harm. Such products have a negative impact on the reproductive system of women and have a negative impact on the development of children.

Choosing and Cooking Legumes Properly

Soy is usually packaged in plastic bags, which allows you to carefully consider the quality of the product and choose the best of what is offered by the seller. Quality soybeans have a light yellow tint, soybeans have an ideal round shape, do not crumble and do not break in the hands.

Soybean has no smell and pronounced taste, therefore, when it is added to cooked dishes, it almost completely merges with them. Before preparing any dish based on soybeans, you need to take care of pre-soak them for the night. In case it is about durum varieties should be soaked for at least a day. Beans should be cooked for 2-3 hours.

most popular and delicious meals from soy are all kinds of pastes, sauces, soy meat, as well as stews based on it. As a separate dish beans are practically not used, which is due to the lack of taste and smell in soybeans already mentioned above. Soybeans can be roasted and eaten instead of seeds, it is not only tasty, but also brings great benefits.

Storage Features

The benefits of soy products depend not only on the way they are prepared, but also on where and how long the soy was stored. Beans have an amazing ability to absorb moisture even from the air, so the main thing in storing soy is keeping the temperature regime.

Before sending to the pantry, the beans must be inspected for the presence of damaged and split seeds, removing them from the total mass. You should also deal with debris and seeds with a damaged top layer. Beans should be protected from mold and mildew. Keeping wet beans is not recommended.

To increase the shelf life, it is necessary to pour the seeds into paper bags or cloth bags. It is better to store beans in a dry, dark place, trying not to mix freshly bought with existing ones.

Unfortunately, no precautions can prevent soybeans from spoiling, so they can be stored for no more than 1 year. Otherwise, the benefits of dishes prepared from such soy may be questioned.

Secrets of the soy diet for weight loss

Most useful product for everyone who dreams of losing weight. Weight loss with a soy diet is based on the low calorie content of the plant, high protein content and the practical absence of contraindications. The essence of the process of losing weight is as follows:

the use of natural soy products as a substitute for dairy and meat dishes;
combination proper nutrition based on soy diet and exercise;
the rejection of all sweet and starchy foods;
fatty meat and fish, fast foods are excluded from the diet.

When deciding to start losing weight with soy, you should consult your doctor, and also keep in mind that 100 grams of soy contains 381 calories. The benefit to the body is not maximum use soy, but just in an attempt to limit it to 100 grams and 381 calories.

Some products contain soy. counting soy healthier than meat, many are trying to replace our usual food with it, without thinking about the question - is soy useful for our body?

Soy is one of the oldest annual plants that belongs to the legume family. It is also called the "miracle plant". Soybeans were first grown in China. Then soybean moved to Korea, to Japan, and this crop came to Europe in 1740. The French were the first to eat it.

After the study of soybean by the Americans in 1804, the mass and purposeful cultivation of this plant began. Expedition of V. Poyarkov in 1643 - 1646 visited the Sea of Okhotsk, where they saw soybean crops from the Manchu-Tungus people. But the Russian people did not show much interest in this culture. Only after the World Exhibition was held in Vienna in 1873 did practitioners become interested in soybeans.

Soy composition

Soybeans are rich in substances useful for human life. They are not only very nutritious, but also medicinal. For example, soy contains isoflavones, which prevent the formation and development of certain forms of cancer. And genestein stops the disease of the cardiovascular system in the early stages. Also, soy is rich in lecithin, choline and other substances that play a role in the treatment of many serious diseases, fibers, group vitamins - B, C and E, omega - 3. Soy contains the entire set of amino acids, which means that its usefulness is ahead of pork and beef.

Benefits of soy

Soy is rich in vegetable protein, which is more in it than in eggs, fish and meat. Soy protein is very important for the proper functioning of the body. Vegetable proteins are absorbed by 90%. Soy products contain substances that positively affect the balance of trace elements in the body. Lecithin is the most useful in soy. It is very important for the brain, for its work. Lecithin helps cells recover, monitors blood cholesterol levels, fights Parkinson's disease, atherosclerosis and other human diseases. Also, the presence of lecithin slows down aging, so soy is very famous among the elderly.

Soy lecithin helps produce energy, nourishes the growing body, and this is especially important in childhood.

The composition of soy includes the entire set of amino acids, which means that its usefulness is ahead of pork and beef.

AT recent times Americans are increasingly adding soy to their diet. Studies have shown that eating soy products has a positive effect on human health. You need to know that only soy in pure form benefits. In no way does this apply to those products in which soy is only an additive.

American researchers are unanimous that if you include 25 to 50 grams of soy protein in your diet throughout the day, you can reduce the level of "bad cholesterol". And, as you know, such cholesterol clogs blood vessels which leads to heart disease.

Positive dynamics in the use of soy was noticed in women during the onset of menopause. With age, the process of estrogen production in women slows down, and soy can make up for their lack.

Harm of soy

In a documentary study of 3,734 older men, it was found that those who ate soy for 50% of their lives had a greater risk of developing Alzheimer's disease.

Other studies by Asian researchers have shown that men who consume soy twice a week in their diet are more prone to mental impairment than those who never eat soy at all.

Some believe that eating soy leads to infertility and obesity.

Also, soy is useful for people of all ages. The isoflavones present in soybeans are very similar in composition to the female hormone estrogen, and frequent consumption of soy can upset the balance of hormones in the body. And this can be dangerous for women who are preparing to conceive, planning a pregnancy, but especially for pregnant women.

Scientists - pediatricians at Cornell University are sure that a deficiency of thyroid hormones can occur precisely from frequent use soy products c. Appears excess weight, suffer from constipation, overwork. All this leads to general apathy.

The presence of soy, according to some researchers, leads to brain volume and weight loss.

Numerous studies have shown that soybeans contain both nutrients, useful for the body, and anti-nutritional, which can harm health. The anticoagulant properties, pronounced in raw soy, neutralize vitamin K, which provides a level of coagulation, and also participates in the process of calcium absorption. Unlimited consumption of soy can lead to mineral deficiencies, pancreatic hypertrophy.

Soybeans contain lectins that stick together blood cells, which leads to the suppression of their growth. And this is fraught with consequences for the body.

Conclusion

Before today in the world of science, they cannot come to a consensus on the benefits and harms of soybeans.

If soy is not included in the category genetically modified product, and grown naturally, then its beneficial properties significantly exceed the harmful ones.

From the foregoing, the conclusion suggests itself that whether or not to use soy products should be decided by each person independently, regardless of the opinion of another.