Foods high in pectin. Pectin in the food industry. Applications of pectin

Pectin is a substance very similar in properties to gelatin. But the latter is isolated from animal raw materials, and pectin - from vegetable. They also differ in their structure and qualities.

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Pectin was isolated 200 years ago by the scientist A. Braconno from fruit juice. At the same time, its main properties were identified and described. It became known that he effectively absorbs and removes harmful substances, for which he was called the "body orderly".

What is pectin

pectin is special kind fiber, necessary for the body person. It dissolves in water, making it easy to digest. In my own way chemical composition this substance belongs to polysaccharides, complex carbohydrates. They are recommended to be eaten instead regular sugars, the so-called fast carbohydrates.

The name comes from the Greek word meaning "frozen".

This polysaccharide is an astringent. It is as a gelling agent, a thickener, that he has found very wide application both in food products and in cosmetology and pharmacology.

In cooking, it is used to prepare various sweets and sauces as active additive. It has a registration number among food products- E440.

Carbohydrate is used for cooking:

jelly;
marshmallows;
marshmallow;
jam and preserves;
Turkish Delight;
marmalade;
ketchup;
mayonnaise.

In cosmetology, it is used as a stabilizer for the production of creams, gels or various masks.

It is added to medicines to reduce their toxicity. The substance is contained in preparations for cleansing the body and removing toxins. Another way to use pectin in pharmaceuticals is the manufacture of capsule shells.

The substance is used in the manufacture of cigars - with its help, torn sheets of tobacco are glued together.

Properties

The benefits of pectin are presented in the list of its medicinal properties:

binds and removes excess cholesterol from the body;
reduces the amount of sugar in the blood;
cleanses the intestines harmful substances, slag, heavy elements, etc.;
stimulates the functioning of the intestines;
promotes weight loss, as it slows down the absorption of fats and fast carbohydrates.

Doctors recommend consuming about 35 g of the substance per day. This will cleanse the body and improve digestion. Pectin helps in preventing the development of cholesterol plaques and diabetes. The best material for this is in kind, however, if necessary, can be purchased at pharmacies finished powder from it or liquid extract.

The powder is used in juices and cold solutions, the extract is used in hot products. Pectin is most often added to sweet products; due to it, less sugar can be put in the dish. This reduces its calorie content. He also gives ready meal fruity aroma.

The first industrial pectin production was opened in the 20s of the XX century. Prior to this, apple pulp, which contains this substance, was added to the products.

Where is contained

pectin is a substance plant origin. It is found in all fruits, berries and vegetables, but in different quantities. Most pectin is found in ordinary apples and citrus. It is from these fruits that it is most often isolated.

The percentage of pectin in products is shown in the table:

The pulp and peel are especially rich in pectin. It is almost non-existent in juice. In dry summers, when fruits are less juicy, the substance in them accumulates in greater quantities. In citrus fruits, most of it is contained in the peel. It is used to make orange pectin. But more often on sale there are apple and beetroot.

To get 15 g of a substance with food, you need to eat about 0.5 kg of fruits and vegetables.

If its use is necessary for medical reasons, then it is better to use special dietary supplements, which include it. Usually they are made not from fruits, but from seaweed - Zoster.

At overuse pectin can harm the body. This applies to dietary supplements, since it is found in smaller quantities in fruits and vegetables. Therefore, in no case should they be taken uncontrollably.

In case of an overdose, pectin can cause side effects such as:

slowing down the absorption of useful substances from food - micro and macro elements, proteins and fats;
fermentation in the intestines;
bloating and flatulence.

Pectin for weight loss

Pectin may benefit women who want to lose weight. It improves digestion, blood circulation, including in the subcutaneous fat layer. This contributes to the breakdown of fats and the removal of decay products from the body.

Help to cope with extra pounds and the absorbent properties of the substance. Pectin also reduces the feeling of hunger, as it expands to absorb water and takes up a lot of space in the stomach. For this reason, it is often added to protein shakes for weight loss.

Pectin is a universal substance that is used both in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Its use is not harmful.

In the masses, he received the unspoken name "natural orderly". Consider what it is and what its benefits are.

Pectin - what is this substance?

Pectin is a chemical compound that is formed from galacturonic acid residues. In translation, the word means literally "frozen".

The additive is actively used in medicine, in the pharmaceutical industry in food production. Designated as E440. The polysaccharide absorbs moisture well, and after complete swelling it begins to dissolve.

The main features of pectin include:

the ability to keep the shape;
gelling;
encapsulation;
clarification;
thickening (thickener);
has a moisture-retaining property;
is a good sorbent.

For mass use, the polysaccharide is intended in liquid and powder form. It can be found in supermarkets for home use. The substance can serve as a substitute for gelatin.

Pectin is found in many plants, vegetables, fruits and berries. It improves their stability during storage and prevents them from losing moisture.

The substance is mainly extracted from apples and citrus fruits, less often from root crops. Many foreign enterprises are engaged in its production. Citrus polysaccharide is usually lighter than apple.

AT Food Industry substance is used as a thickener. It is added according to GOST and TU to mayonnaise, fillings confectionery products, in marshmallows, marmalade. At home, with his participation, jelly and jams are prepared. In the pharmaceutical industry, it is used for shaping (encapsulating) tablets.

Where to buy pectin? It is sold in pharmacies in powder form.

What is useful?

Pectin is often included in body cleansing medications. It is a good sorbent. When ingested, it absorbs toxins and harmful compounds and removes them from the body.

To useful properties can be attributed:

Contraindications

When taking drugs based on pectin in large quantities the opposite effect may be observed. This does not apply to fruits and vegetables - they contain a small dosage. You also need to consume dietary supplements in moderation and industrial products where its concentration is sufficient.

The main contraindication for taking in a concentrated form is children under 6 years of age. Use with caution in cholecystitis, pancreatitis and peptic ulcer- during the period of exacerbation, it is not recommended to use pectin ( dosage form release).

With excessive use, the following side effects are observed:

obstruction;
reduced absorption of useful components;
severe flatulence;
fermentation in the intestines.

Note! AT pure form pectin sorbent is sold in a pharmacy. Detailed rules use are indicated in the instructions for use. A teaspoon ½ of the substance is mixed in a half-liter container. The resulting solution is cooled and taken twice a day.

Where is it contained?

Pectin diet for weight loss

Pectin is often used for weight loss. It helps to remove overweight and stagnant fat. The substance reduces appetite and improves intestinal motility, resulting in accelerated digestion of smaller amounts of food. With such a diet, the use of alcohol and coffee is prohibited. In the process of losing weight with the help of the substance, it is recommended to drink up to 2 liters of water per day.

The pectin diet lasts a week. During this time, it is possible to lose 3 kg. To achieve a better result, it can be extended for another week. Such a diet has an advantage over others, since pectins break down fats and cleanse the body.

Video about pectin and its properties:

The first day:

For breakfast, you need to prepare a dish: chop or grate three apples, season with lemon juice, add some nuts.
For lunch, a salad of apples, an egg (hard-boiled is suitable), parsley or cilantro is prepared.
Dinner - a couple of apples and an orange are cut.

Second day:

Breakfast: a bowl of boiled rice (basmati variety) without oil mixed with pre-grated apples.
Lunch: a few apples are baked in the oven. If desired, the menu can be diluted with baked pumpkin.
Dinner: peach or apricots and boiled rice (can be replaced with buckwheat).

Day three:

Breakfast: oatmeal mixed with finely chopped fruit, you can add apricot, blueberries.
Dinner: skim cheese and tangerine.
Dinner: A dish of quince, apples and walnuts is prepared for dinner.

Day four:

For breakfast, fresh carrots and apples, oatmeal are prepared (some fruit is also included there).
Dinner: pumpkin porridge with the addition of rice.
Dinner: baked apples with diabetic lemon syrup.

Day five:

Breakfast: oatmeal without oil with the addition of apricot.
Lunch: two boiled eggs and beetroot salad.
Dinner: For dinner, you will need raw grated carrots and some nuts. Mix everything thoroughly.

Day six:

Breakfast: salad hard boiled egg, greens and apples. Topped with lemon juice.
Lunch: baked apples with nuts.
Dinner: fresh carrot and orange.

Day seven (conclusion):

Breakfast: cottage cheese with apricots or plums.
Lunch: baked pumpkin with the addition lemon juice, boiled rice basmati.
Dinner: prepared for dinner fruit salad from apples, peach and orange.

Note. If you intend to continue the diet for another week, the diet is repeated every day.

During the pectin diet, you need to drink plenty of fluids. As drinks, decoctions of chamomile, St. John's wort, ginger lemon tea, drinks with the addition of cinnamon and cranberries, fruit drinks. From black tea for a while you need to give up.

Important! With a stomach ulcer, disturbed acidity (in the direction of increase), the diet will not work. People with diabetes can add a sweetener to their meals.

Pectin is a useful substance that is used in pharmacology, food production, and medicine. It is found in vegetables and fruits, presented in a pure liquid or powder form. It is used to cleanse the body and for weight loss. One of the most popular procedures today is pectin diet based on fruits and vegetables.

WHAT IS PECTIN?
Pectin is a thickener and often acts as a gelling agent, stabilizer, and water-retaining agent. It is very often used in the confectionery world in jellies, fillings, marmalades, sauces and the like.

It is found in varying amounts in all fruits and berries. At the same time, most pectin is in apples - 0.3-1.8% (and even more in baked ones) and in beet cake, and therefore, in most cases, pectin is produced from apples and beets or even orange peel.
Pectin is also found in large quantities in rose hips, currants, plums and apricots - they can be used to make jellies and jams without the addition of pectin.

Why is pectin used and not gelatin or agar-agar? It's all about the desired results, namely the consistency that these gelling agents give. Pectin imparts a very natural viscosity that distinguishes, for example, marmalade from jam.

WHAT IS PECTIN?
Pectin is very different and is used to create different textures, with different areas application and rules of use. But mostly in confectionery business 2 types of pectin are used - yellow or citrus and reversible NH pectin. Less common is the compound pectin X58 with a very interesting feature applications, which will be discussed below.

WHAT IS DIFFERENT:
Yellow pectin, apple or citrus - obtained from apples or citrus fruits, respectively. There is not much difference between them, except that citrus gives a more transparent result.
Most often, this pectin is used to make jams and marmalades - it cannot be reheated - it will no longer harden.
Pectin needs sugar to work. a large number of sugar!) And the mass may well not harden if it is not enough.
This pectin can weaken over time and it is important to store it in a sealed jar.

Pectin NH - this pectin is thermoreversible, when heated, it dissolves, giving the mass a liquid consistency, and when cooled, it solidifies, that is, the mass with it can be reheated and refilled again necessary form and refrigerate to thicken. It is used for confit and compote - fillings in cakes that need to be frozen, and for mirror glaze.

Pectin FX58 - his distinguishing feature in that it begins to act not with sugar, but with calcium! And most often it is used for elements molecular cuisine or milk jellies.

RULES FOR THE USE OF PECTIN:

Pectin is mixed with sugar and poured into the mass as a "rain".
Pectin behaves like gelatin when it enters a liquid - unlike sugar, which immediately dissolves in water, pectin granules first swell, absorbing water, and only then dissolve. If, upon contact with water, pectin particles come into contact with each other, then, increasing in size, they stick together and form lumps that are difficult to dissolve.

Add pectin at 40-45 degrees?
It's not exactly like that! It is not necessary to bring the mixture to 40 degrees, it is important - do not add pectin to the liquid higher than 45 degrees! You can also add pectin to the cold mass and bring it to a boil. If you add it at a temperature above 45 degrees, then it will go lumpy and it will be difficult to stir.

Does pectin only work with acid?
This is also more of a myth! Pectin works without the addition of acid, it just takes much, much longer to set. Acid is a catalyst for thickening and significantly shortens the reaction time! Yes, of course, it is better to add acid to speed up the result, but be aware that this is an optional item!

Be sure to bring to a steady boil.
Pectin begins to work only after bringing it to a boil and already when it cools, it completes its work.

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Which is the orderly of the human body, like a vacuum cleaner, it absorbs all harmful particles and allows the body to continue to function fully.

What is pectin for?

The human body does not always receive only beneficial bacteria and minerals. Sometimes with air and junk food you can infect yourself with toxins, microbes and toxins. To avoid this, there is a useful herbal supplement - pectin, which quickly cleanses the body of carcinogenic substances, regulates metabolism, normalizes bowel function and gastrointestinal tract, has a beneficial effect on the liver and pancreas.

Moreover, pectin polysaccharides serve good thickener and quickly turn various liquids into jelly (marmalade, jelly, ice cream, yoghurts, marshmallows), which both children and adults love so much. Food with such a substance is not only tasty, but also healthy and accessible even to diabetics. Pectin is also capable of killing cancer cells. Women use it for natural rejuvenation.

Beneficial features

Pectin is simply a godsend, as it is widely used in the culinary environment and in medicine. It performs the following functions:

Contraindications and harm

Pectin is practically harmless, it is not for nothing that it can be used as an additive when feeding children. However, there is still a danger.

The first danger is an overdose. For an overdose to occur, a person must consume great amount berries and fruits containing polysaccharides, or overdo it with the amount of biological powder additives. In case of an overdose, the following phenomena may occur:

strong, disruption of the colon
bloating
slows down the absorption process useful minerals and vitamins
poor digestibility of protein and fats

The second danger allergic reaction and intolerance. Rarely causes asthma.

However, the effects listed above are very rare, on the contrary, pectin should be included in your daily diet. That's why you need to know which ingredients and products contain it the most.

Products containing pectin polysaccharides

Pectin content found in seaweed. Getting into digestive tract, the product swells, enveloping the walls of the intestines and stomach, protecting against mechanical, chemical irritants.

Pectin performs the following functions:

- normalizes metabolism;
- reduces the content of "bad" cholesterol in the blood;
- cures gastritis, colitis;
- stimulates peripheral blood circulation;
- regulates peristalsis of the intestines;
- anesthetizes;
- removes pesticides, salts of heavy metals, radionuclides;
- reduces the risk of diabetes and cancer;
- adsorbs anabolics, antibiotics, xenobiotics, metabolic products;
- improves skin condition, turgor.

The list confirms the need to consume products containing pectin daily. They are used in the form of nutraceuticals for the nutrition of personnel employed in work related to heavy metal salts and other harmful agents, which is enshrined in law.

To share pectin substances fruit accounts for 0.5 - 12.4%. According to the content of pectin, apples, bananas, peaches, cherries, oranges take the first place. Plum, cherry plum - a generous source of gelling substances. When eating vegetables and fruits containing pectins, putrefactive, pathogenic microbes and waste products are adsorbed. A useful microflora develops in the gastrointestinal tract, which stops fermentation processes. This explains the help in the treatment of colitis and intoxication.

Table number 1: The content of pectin in fruits per 100 grams:

Apricot 3.9 - 8.6
Quince 5.3 - 9.6
Pear 3.5 - 4.2
Peach 5.0 - 8.9
Plum 3.6 - 5.3
Apple 4.4 - 7.5
Orange 0.6 - 1
Lemon 0.7 - 1.1
Mandarin 0.3 - 1.1

Apples and beet fiber are a source of health and high pectin content

Scroll useful qualities apples are endless. The main indicator is the content of pectin, a substance indispensable for health. The percentage of pectin content is especially high in winter varieties of apples - 6.0%, and in beet fiber it can reach 20% - this is a record figure.

Pectin in berries

A person needs to eat 15 grams of a gelling agent per day, while consuming 1.5 kg of berries or fruits. People with a lot of weight, diabetics increase the serving to 25 g, as well as those who want to lose weight, detoxify the internal organs. fruit jellies and jams are beneficial if sugar is not contraindicated. They contain a lot of gelling substances.

Table number 1: Content in berries per 100 grams:

Grapes 0.8 - 1.4
Strawberries 3.3 - 7.9
Raspberry 3.2 - 6.7
Redcurrant 5.5 - 12.6
Blackcurrant 5.9 - 10.6
Sweet cherry 1.7 - 3.9
Cherry 4 - 6.7
Watermelon 4.5 - 7
Gooseberry 0.2 - 1.4
Cranberry 0.5 - 1.3
Cherry plum 0.6 - 1.1

In vegetables, as in fruits and berries, there are outsiders and winners. Below we provide a table of average indicators of the content of this beneficial substance as a percentage per 100 grams. The record holder for the content of low molecular weight pectin is beet fiber - about 20% per 100 grams, and it is for this reason that we included it in our KLETONIKA fiber complex (for details, see the page of this site).

Table number 1: Content in vegetables per 100 grams:

Eggplant 5.2 - 8.7
Carrot 6.0 - 8.0
Cucumbers 5.9 - 9.4
Pepper 6.0 - 8.7
Tomatoes 2.0 - 4.1
Beetroot 0.7 - 2.0
Pumpkin 2.6 - 9.8
Green peas 2.5 - 5
White cabbage 0.6 - 0.9
Onion 0.4 - 0.7
Radish 10.3 - 11.8

Products containing pectin

The largest number valuable substance obtained from beets, apples, and sometimes sunflower baskets. Citrus zest has gelling properties.

In some sweets, pectin is used as a thickening and gelling agent:

Zephyr
Marmalade
Paste
Fruit and milk jellies
Oriental products - Turkish delight, etc.

People with diabetes such products are contraindicated. On the shelves of stores there are products labeled with the additive E-440, which stands for pectin. These are ketchups, mayonnaises, ice cream. It is used as a thickener.