lettuce- an annual or biennial plant from the Aster family, or Compositae, garden crop.
garden salad descended from wild lettuce, found in Europe, Asia, North Africa and adventively - in North America. They began to cultivate it in the Mediterranean countries at the dawn of civilization: in Ancient Egypt, Greece, Rome, Byzantium. In Europe, it began to be cultivated from the middle of the 16th century, in Russia - from the 17th century. Currently, lettuce is grown in almost all countries of the world.
The typical form is a plant up to one meter tall, with a full branched stem and jagged or indented (strut-like) obovate horizontal, sessile leaves; the base of the leaves is heart-sagittate; on the lower side, along the midrib, the leaves are covered with bristles. The flowers are yellow, all reed, collected in cylindrical heads. The heads are collected with a whisk.
The chemical composition of lettuce. Lettuce contains vitamins A, B1, B2, PP, beta-carotene, organic acids, salts of potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium. The specific substance lactucin calms the nervous system, improves sleep, and reduces salt deposits. Pectins and folic acid stimulate the intestines and remove bad cholesterol from the body.
lettuce is widely used in cooking. More often lettuce is used in raw food, adding to vegetable salads, sauces, soups, snacks, vegetable, meat, poultry or fish dishes. Salad is often used to decorate the table. Also, sometimes the salad is stewed or fried, but it must be borne in mind that when heat treatment a significant part of the vitamins is lost, and hence its beneficial properties.
Useful properties of lettuce. Lettuce is a valuable dietary and medicinal leafy vegetable. It is recommended for use in children's and diet food, add to the diet of the elderly, and those who have suffered a severe debilitating illness.
lettuce leaves have expectorant, antitussive, diuretic and sedative effects. Lettuce is also useful for insomnia, obesity, diabetes, tuberculosis, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and diseases of the genitourinary, nervous and digestive systems. His regular use in food helps to lower cholesterol levels in the blood, improves digestion, and also has a calming effect on the nervous system.
Lettuce leaf juice has a diuretic and laxative effect, increases appetite, improves digestion, and is useful for people suffering from hypertension, atherosclerosis, tuberculosis and gastrointestinal diseases.
Lettuce is a very healthy and tasty vegetable, it is used in cooking and decoration. various salads and dishes. Lettuce salad is known as >.
The salad contains a large bouquet of vitamins - carotene, B1, B, B6, ascorbic acid, vitamins PP and E. Lettuce has healing and dietary properties. you can cook great salads combined with meat, fruits and vegetables.
Salad with lettuce and oranges
Ingredients
- Orange - 2 pcs.
- Lettuce - 1 bunch
- Spinach - 2 bunches
- Green onions - 8 tbsp. spoons
- Green grapes - 1/2 cup
- Almonds - 1 cup
- Olive oil - 150 ml
- Orange juice - 40 ml
- Celery seeds - 1 teaspoon
- Lemon juice - 3 tablespoons
- Dry mustard - 1 teaspoon
- Honey - 3 tbsp. spoons
Peel and cut oranges into segments, add chopped lettuce, spinach, halved grapes, almonds and onions. In a separate container, mix orange and lemon juice, honey, celery seed oil and mustard. Mix and pour dressing over salad.
Bon appetit!
Salad > with lettuce and anchovy mayonnaise
Ingredients
- Lettuce - 1.5 bunch
- Olive oil - 310 ml
- Bacon - 6 pieces
- French baguette - 16 pieces
- Garlic - 1 clove
- Egg yolk - 1 pc.
- Anchovy fillet - 4 pcs.
- Lemon juice - 1 tbsp. spoon
- Parmesan cheese - to taste
- Worcestershire sauce - to taste
Tear the lettuce leaves into pieces and place in a large salad bowl. Brush the baguette pieces with oil and fry until golden brown on both sides. Cool. Cut the bacon into pieces and fry until golden color and transfer to a salad bowl. Put the yolk, garlic and anchovy fillet in a blender and beat for 1 minute, continuing to beat, add the remaining oil, lemon juice and Worcestershire sauce, salt, pepper. Mix well. The sauce should look like mayonnaise. chopped into strips and mix well. With faith put the pieces of ruddy baguette.
Bon appetit!
Salad > with chicken and avocado
Ingredients
- Bacon - 200 gr.
- Chicken breast - 3 pcs.
- crackers - 1 pack
- Lettuce - 1.5 bunches
- Garlic -1 clove
- Avocado - 1.5 pcs.
- Salad dressing -2.5 tablespoons
Preheat the grill in the oven. Cut the breast into pieces, season. Put on baking paper along with the chopped bacon and put in the oven for 15 minutes. Flip 1 time. Cut the avocado and lettuce, add the bacon and croutons. Mix. Divide the salad among the plates and pour over the dressing.
Bon appetit!
Couscous salad with chickpeas, red pepper
Ingredients
- Water - 3 glasses
- Couscous - 1.5 cups
- Lettuce -1 pc.
- Lemon juice - 3 tablespoons
- Honey - 1 teaspoon
- Ground cumin - 1 teaspoon
- Cayenne pepper - 1/2 teaspoon
- Olive oil - ¼ cup
- Canned pepper - 170 gr
- Canned chickpeas - 1 can
- Yellow cherry tomatoes - 1/2 cup
- Chopped parsley - a handful
- Red onion - 1 head
- Pita - 4 pcs.
Pour couscous into a large salad bowl, add 3 cups of boiled water and leave for 10-15 minutes. When the cereal becomes soft, pour out the water. In another bowl, add the following ingredients: lemon juice, cumin, honey, cayenne pepper and 0.5 teaspoon salt. Gradually beat in olive oil. Mix the chickpeas, chopped peppers, cherry tomatoes, finely chopped onion and parsley into the couscous. Drizzle with the dressing and toss. Arrange the lettuce leaves on plates, pile the lettuce on top and arrange the chopped pitas around.
Bon appetit!
Salad with champignons, lettuce and cheese sauce
Ingredients
- Champignons - 150 gr
- Lettuce - 2 bunches
- Roquefort cheese - 50g
- Lemon juice -2 tbsp. spoons
- Cream - 100 ml
- Chervil - 1 pc.
- Shallot - 1 pc.
- Salt - to taste
- Ground black pepper - to taste
Cook mushrooms in salted water, dry. Cut into slices. Rinse and dry lettuce leaves. Mash cheese with a fork, add lemon juice, cream, shallots, salt, pepper and mix. Combine mushrooms and lettuce leaves, pour cheese sauce.
Bon appetit!
Salad with tomatoes, cucumber and lettuce
Ingredients
- Lettuce salad -1 pc.
- Tomatoes -100 gr
- Fresh cucumber - 100 gr
- Green onion -30 gr
- Parsley and dill - 50 gr
- Vegetable oil -35 gr
- Salt and sugar - to taste
Rinse lettuce leaves and cut into strips, add sliced cucumber, tomatoes, chopped green onions. Salt, add sugar and pour vegetable oil.
Bon appetit!
Salad with lettuce, onion and cucumber
Ingredients
- Lettuce leaves - 200-300 gr
- Green onions - 1 bunch
- Quail eggs- 12 pcs.
- Cucumbers -5-6 pcs.
- Sour cream 10% fat - 1 cup
- Dill greens - a handful
Hard boil the quail eggs and transfer to a bowl with cold water. Rinse lettuce leaves, dry and put in a salad bowl with diced cucumbers. Cut the quail eggs in half and put them on top. Season the salad with sour cream and sprinkle with dill.
Bon appetit!
Salad with tuna and green beans
Ingredients
- Tuna fillet - 1kg
- Potato - 1 kg
- Chicken egg - 5 pcs.
- Green beans -2.5 cups
- Lettuce -400gr
- Cherry tomatoes -1.5 cups
- Olives - 6.5 tbsp. spoons
- Onions - 2.5 heads
- Garlic -3 cloves
- Salted anchovies in oil -50 gr
- Lemons -1/2 pcs.
- Olive oil - 8 tablespoons
- Wine vinegar - 1.5 teaspoons
- Mustard - 1.5 teaspoons
- Salt and black pepper - to taste
Marinate tuna fillets: mix olive oil with lemon juice add a pinch of salt and pepper. Boil diced potatoes in salted water for 10 minutes. Boil in the same water green beans, 5 minutes and rinse with cold water to preserve the color. Boil the eggs and cut into quarters, lettuce strips and cherry tomatoes in half. Fry the tuna fillet for a minute on both sides.
In a separate bowl, whisk mustard and white vinegar, gradually pouring in olive oil, turn the mixture into a vinaigrette sauce. Add finely chopped anchovy, garlic and onion. Mix potatoes, beans, tomatoes, olives and lettuce with the sauce. Put eggs and thick slices of tuna on the salad.
Bon appetit!
Salad with shiso sauce
Ingredients
- Lettuce - 50 gr
- Pak choi salad -50 gr
- Salatromano - 50 gr
- Spinach -50 gr
- Cauliflower -40 gr
- Cucumbers -35 gr
- Chia seeds -5 gr
- Granola -25 gr
- Avocado - 250 gr
- Shiso sauce - 60 ml
- Green onion -10 gr
- Dill -10 gr
- Vegetable oil -30 gr
- Olive oil -80 gr
- Lemon juice - 25 ml
Peel and pit the avocado and cut into medium-sized cubes. Salad mixture: chopped dill, onion, 15 ml lemon juice and 50 ml olive oil, mix and leave to marinate for 15 minutes. For dressing, mix shiso sauce, 30 ml olive oil, 10 ml vegetable oil and 10 ml of lemon juice. Cucumbers and cabbage (leave a couple of inflorescences
) cut into thin slices and put in ice water. Mix the shiso dressing with lettuce leaves, spinach, pak choi and romano with cabbage slices, chia seeds. Divide the avocado on plates, put the salad mixture on it, sprinkle with granola pieces and grate the remaining cauliflower.
Bon appetit!
Lettuce or onion lettuce - so called vegetable crop belonging to the aster family. Lettuce is one of the most ancient plants grown as a cultivated plant in the Mediterranean. There is a salad from a wild-growing compass lettuce, which can be found in North Africa, Asia, South and Western Europe. The ancient Egyptians knew the salad, the Persian kings considered it a valuable vegetable and revered it as a delicacy, the ancient Greeks used lettuce not only for food, but also used it as medicinal plant. The Romans considered lettuce gourmet dessert, in later times, appetizing snacks were prepared from it. Lettuce was consumed not only in fresh but also marinated with honey and vinegar. Lettuce was cultivated in Europe during the time of Louis XIV.
To date, the salad has remained one of my favorites. summer vegetables, which is considered valuable source vitamins and many trace elements useful for humans. It is difficult to find a summer resident who would not grow lettuce.
Lettuce is not a very capricious plant, so you can use the tips of experienced agronomists to get a good harvest.
Video: Multi-tiered onion - cultivation and useful properties
- Lettuce should be sown on non-acidified fertile soils.
- From mineral fertilizers for beds with lettuce, superphosphate, urea and potassium sulfate will be needed.
- You can correct the acidity of the soil by adding fluff lime or dolomite flour (up to 200-250 grams per square meter).
- Lettuce is also sensitive to root dressing during the growing season.
- The introduction of compost significantly increases the yield.
Starting in early spring, lettuce seeds can be sown directly into the ground. Leaf varieties can be grown in open field throughout the summer.
Video: LEEK. Cultivation in a ROLL (we pour the earth) and transplanting into a tray
Lettuce is sown in rows, the width between which should be at least 15-20 cm. The seed sowing depth is up to 1.5 cm, no more than 30 pieces should be sown per linear meter.
Many argue: what is the right lettuce or lettuce. Now both names are in use, but it must be understood that lettuce has nothing to do with the onion family. It is possible that the name came to the creator at the moment when he overexposed the salad in the garden and it suddenly acquired a characteristic bitterness. Or maybe it's just a phrase.
Variety Description
Lettuce belongs to the aster family and is a vegetable crop, one of the varieties of lettuce.. This variety is very ancient and the Mediterranean is considered its homeland. Namely, here the originally wild compass lettuce was cultivated and began to be called lettuce.
This variety of lettuce has always been highly valued for its taste and medicinal properties. For example, the Egyptians, Persians considered it a delicacy and served it at royal feasts. And the Greeks, in addition to eating, cooked from lettuce medicinal infusions. The Romans also made vegetable extracts and drank before meals to increase their appetite; in wealthy homes, lettuce was served as a dessert, pre-marinated in vinegar and honey.
Vegetable culture came to Europe during the time of Louis XIV and took root there for a long time.
External different varieties lettuce are different from each other, but there are similar, common features of the species. The green bush has a densely branched stem with big amount leaves. Plant height can reach 1 meter in height. The leaf itself has a serrated edge and is shaped like an egg. The leaves just sit on the stem and have no cuttings. The peculiarity of the leaf is that the main middle vein has small bristles in the swept base. The flowers of lettuces are small, united in panicle inflorescences, as a rule, abundant and pale yellow. 
Each type of lettuce has its own leaf structure, structure and needs its own conditions of detention.
Several varieties of lettuce
- Sheet. When harvesting, it is not cut off at the root, but large leaves are cut off. The latter have the most different shape: elongated, fan-shaped, triangular, shaped oak leaf, bifurcated. One of the common varieties of leaf lettuce: Ballet, Lakomka, Zabava, Sandwich, Dubrava.
- half-headed. The shape of the leaves resembles leaf lettuce, but is collected in the form of a loose, small head. It includes varieties: Festival, Excitement, Eurydice, Kado and others.
- head of cabbage. This subspecies is easily confused with the common white cabbage. Varieties: Iceberg, Attraction, Design, Opal.
- Roman or Roman. One of the ancient varieties of lettuce. It has a long head and a branched stem. The outer leaves are a characteristic dark green, emerald color; internal ones acquire a yellowish tint. Popular among varieties such as Remu, Legend, Vyacheslav, Ballon.
Romaine lettuce is distinguished by its medicinal properties
There are varieties of lettuce with a pronounced, characteristic bitterness: Odessa kucheryavets, Rhapsody, Vitamin.
Peculiarities
Even the ancients noticed that lettuce is a real storehouse of vitamins and trace elements. Its composition is fully rich in such beneficial substances, How:
- beta-carotene - vitamin A;
- B vitamins - thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, choline, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, folic acid;
- ascorbic acid - vitamin C;
- tocopherol - vitamin E;
- phylloquinone - Potassium;
- a set of organic acids;
- magnesium, sodium, potassium, calcium are presented in salt compounds;
- as well as selenium, manganese, iron, zinc.
The main active ingredient in lettuce is lactucin. It has a calming effect on the nerve cells of the body, reduces the level of salt in the body, helps to remove stones from the urinary system, and also normalizes sleep.
Lettuce contains folic acid, which helps in ridding the body of cholesterol plaques, and also contributes to the active work of the intestines.
Beneficial features
Thanks to the rich vitamin composition, as well as trace elements contained in lettuce; it goes to the level of medicinal vegetables.
Magnesium contained in the leaf part stimulates cerebral circulation; improves muscle tone. And since it is found in salad in the form of salt compounds, when eaten, it is restored nervous system and mental balance is restored. 
Since lettuce stimulates and normalizes metabolism, as well as increases metabolism and removes toxins, it is recommended in the daily diet of women during pregnancy, breastfeeding, in old age and those who lead a sedentary lifestyle.
The ability of lettuce to remove salts allows doctors to prescribe it to the diet of obese people, high blood pressure, heart disease and liver disease.
Children's diet can also be varied with lettuce.
In addition to the above useful qualities, an infusion of lettuce leaves is used as an expectorant. Extract from the leaves is used by doctors as a natural laxative and diuretic.
150-200 ml juice from fresh leaves, drunk before meals for 20 minutes, increases appetite and promotes better digestion of food.
Lettuce juice is very useful, because. it increases appetite and tones, improves digestion
With excessive use of lettuce, a negative effect from the culture is possible. High flatulence adversely affects patients with gastritis, enteritis, stomach ulcers and tuberculosis.
The biochemical composition of lettuce is as follows (the calculation is given per 100 grams of the product):
- Water - 95 grams;
- Carbohydrates - 1.6 grams;
- Proteins - 1.36 grams;
- Fiber - 1.3 grams;
- Ash - 0.6 grams;
- Fats - 0.15 grams.
Like all herbaceous plants lettuce is low in fat, so its calorie content is less than 15 kcal per 100 grams of product.
cultivation
Lettuce is not a whimsical plant to grow. If you follow the recommendations of professional gardeners, you can achieve good results.
- The soil for sowing should not have an acidic environment., best alkaline or neutral.
- To increase the yield, agronomists use fertilizers such as superphosphate, potassium sulfate, and urea. From natural fertilizers compost is recommended.
- The main stage should come during the vegetative period.
- Lettuce does not require preliminary cultivation of seedlings, therefore, after the end of frost, it is sown immediately into the ground. Under good climatic conditions, gardeners grow lettuce throughout the warm season.
The acidity of the soil is corrected by adding lime or dolomite flour to it at the rate of 200-250 grams per 1 sq.m.
- Sowing is carried out in rows, about 20 cm wide, furrow depth 1.5 cm, but no more. The calculation of seeds is taken: 30 pieces per 1 linear meter.
- Lettuce grows quickly. Some varieties are cut at the root and sown with new ones, while others collect leaves and wait for new shoots on the stem.
The secrets of planting onions before winter can be found
Application
Lettuce, thanks to its beneficial properties and bright taste popular in many areas. For example, in cooking, it is used in the most variety of dishes and forms:
- raw, as additional ingredient to meat, vegetable or fish salads;
- as a decor for decorating seafood dishes;
- second hot dishes are prepared with lettuce, both meat and garnish variations;
- add for piquancy to soups, broths.
During heat treatment, part of the vitamins is destroyed in the salad, for example, C and partly the potassium and sodium groups, so this point must be taken into account if you use lettuce as a medicinal component.
You can learn about the features of growing onions as a business.
Soups can be prepared on the basis of lettuce, because. it does not lose its useful properties during heat treatment
As noted above, lettuce is used in traditional medicine in the treatment of various types of diseases:
- obesity;
- nervous disorders;
- headache;
- loss of appetite;
- diabetes;
- crushed lettuce seeds are drunk to increase lactation;
- processed in a certain way, lettuce can be an anesthetic drug;
- helps with constipation;
- with edema, including pregnancy and kidney disease;
- acts as a mild sleeping pill;
- anti-expectorant effect in bronchitis;
- in hot countries, cooling teas are prepared from lettuce;
- powerful vitamin tonic.
Lettuce has contraindications, so before starting treatment, it is better to consult a doctor.
Video
conclusions
Lettuce is an ancient and widespread vegetable crop on all continents that has nothing to do with the onion genus. The plant is considered one of the most useful and can serve as a powerful additional vitamin complex for a balanced diet with various kinds diseases. About other useful properties onion can be read in this one.
Eating lettuce is best fresh, so its properties are preserved as much as possible.
A lot has been written and said about the benefits of fresh vitamin greens. green onion, tender salad, fragrant dill and parsley, fragrant mint - all these cultures have been familiar to us since childhood.
onion lettuce salad
If you want to try something new, be careful - under exotic name a well-known plant may be hiding. So, for example, in Lately many fans are interested in the mysterious culture - onion lettuce. What is it and what is it eaten with?
Immediately it is worth warning that in nature such a plant does not exist. There are really a lot of types of onions - onion, multi-tiered, leek, batun, slime, chives, fragrant, golden bear. Ornamental landscaping cultivates decorative onions.
But! Lettuce has nothing to do with the Onion family. In fact, this is the most common and very useful seed salad. Surprised? Why it suddenly began to be called a bow is not exactly known. Perhaps someone liked the consonance of words - “lettuce onion” is more interesting to say than “lettuce salad”.
Or maybe a negligent gardener overexposed the salad in the garden, and the leaves began to taste bitter? By the way, sometimes consumers mistakenly call leeks lettuce. Be that as it may, the name has taken root and, if you like it more, then for convenience we will also use it, although this is not very correct, or rather, completely wrong.
Rules for sowing onions lettuce
Cultivation of onion lettuce (lettuce) begins with pre-sowing seed treatment. They are disinfected for 2-3 hours in a pink solution of potassium permanganate.
Lettuce beds are located in a warm, sunny area, where zucchini, cabbage, cucumbers and potatoes grew last season. You can plant real onions in the neighborhood - its specific aroma will scare away pests from the greenery.
The site is dug up with the introduction of compost or rotted manure. The seeds are mixed with sand and sown in cut grooves 0.5-1 cm deep with a row spacing of 15-20 cm. With the mass emergence of seedlings, thinning is carried out - an interval of 8-10 cm is maintained between seedlings.
In addition, planting lettuce can be carried out before winter or through seedlings. For an uninterrupted supply of fresh herbs, lettuce is sown throughout the season, every 2 weeks.
Lettuce onion care involves carrying out simple agrotechnical measures, every 5-7 days the beds are watered. In the heat, moisture should be plentiful, on cool days - moderate.
After each watering, it is desirable to loosen the soil in the garden. There is no place for weeds next to lettuce, which means regular weeding is required.
If the soil on the site was well seasoned with fertilizers before sowing, then further feeding of lettuce will not be required.
But on poor soils, the culture is fed twice during the growing season. fermented can be used as fertilizer. herbal infusions or aqueous solutions of bird droppings or mullein.
Since it is undesirable to treat lettuce with agrochemicals, do not forget about prevention - the bed is sprayed with infusions against pests onion peel, bitter wormwood or tomato tops. To prevent the development of fungal infections, observe crop rotation, pick off infected leaves and do not be late with weeding.
lettuce in the garden
Lettuce is harvested 40-50 days after sowing. The best time for such a pleasant activity is early morning, during these hours the leaves accumulate the maximum amount valuable substances. Lettuce can only be stored in the refrigerator and not for very long, so try to serve fresh herbs to the table as quickly as possible.
Types and varieties of onion lettuce
In garden culture, the following varieties and varieties of lettuce (lettuce) onions (lettuce) are most popular:
Sheet- when collecting it, they do not cut it off, but simply cut off large leaves, the shape of which can be the most diverse - fan-shaped, oblong, triangular, dissected, oaky. Varieties: Ballet, Emerald, Dubrava, Lakomka, Royal, Sandwich, Fun.
half-headed- similar to the previous variety, but its leaves are collected in small, loose heads. Varieties: Excitement, Festival, Admiral, Odessa Curly, Kado, Eurydice.
head of cabbage- outwardly very reminiscent of cabbage forks with crispy vitamin leaves. It has been known in culture since the 20s of the last century. Varieties: Attraction, Crystal, Opal, Iceberg, Great Lakes, Design.
Roman (roman)- characterized by an elongated head and a branched tap root. The outer leaves are dark green and the inner leaves are yellowish. Varieties: Remus, Parisian green, Legend, Vyacheslav, Dandy, Ballon.
If you do not like the specific bitterness of lettuce, then pay attention to such varieties as Rhapsody, Moscow Greenhouse, Vitamin, Green Manuil, Odessa Kucheryavets.
The harm and benefits of onion lettuce
So, how is lettuce useful for us? Of course, it is widely used in cooking for cooking fresh salads and snacks. High content in the leaves of valuable trace elements, alkaloids and resins provides numerous beneficial features onion lettuce ( lettuce).
Magnesium present in the leaves improves muscle and brain activity. Connections organic salts- building material for nerve cells, and also provide full blood circulation.
Regular consumption of lettuce is indicated for obesity, heart and liver diseases, diabetes, pregnancy and lactation. It is very useful for a sedentary lifestyle and in old age. Infusions from the leaves help with insomnia and hypertension.
However fresh herbs- by no means a panacea for all ailments, so the use of lettuce must be conscious. Excessive consumption of vitamin leaves provokes excessive gas formation, which is undesirable for tuberculosis and asthma.
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