Citrus fruits are evergreen shrubs and trees that belong to the Rut family. The types of citrus plants today are diverse, however, few people know that initially only mandarin, pomelo, lime and citron existed in nature. All other fruits were bred by long-term selection.
Being juicy and tasty, citrus fruits are popular all over the world. In addition, they are in high demand due to their amazing health benefits. Popular types citrus fruits such as lemons, grapefruits and oranges are not only eaten in natural form, but also used to make juice, added to jams and marmalades, and also used in cooking to give special taste meat and vegetables.
What is the difference?
Citrus fruits are sour exotic fruits in which the seeds are surrounded by juicy and fleshy pulp. Originally grown in Southeast Asia, they have become popular all over the world. How many types of citrus fruits are there in the world? It is currently assumed that there are slightly more than thirty independent varieties.
A combination of sweet and sour flavors bright aromas is probably one of the reasons why they are among the favorite fruits for many people around the world. They are usually juicy, and it is this juice that contains the main acid component that gives the fruit its characteristic taste. However, they are good not only great taste, but also constitute an important component of a healthy diet due to their many health benefits.
Citrus fruits come in many types and colors. Their color depends on climatic conditions. In tropical regions, there is no winter, and the fruit remains green or greenish-orange until ripe. They are usually harvested before they are fully ripe.
Why is it necessary to be careful?
Considering the health benefits, these acidic fruits aid in detoxification and are a rich source of vitamin C and other nutrients which are essential for the human body.
The acidity in citrus fruits is their main feature, as in some cases it can cause indigestion and difficulty in consumption. Some people develop these citrus fruits or stomach problems. Therefore, it is necessary to listen to your well-being when using each new product.
Today, most large stores offer to buy many types. Which ones are the most useful?
Lemon
These fruits have antibacterial, antiviral and immunomodulatory properties. Lemon is also used as a weight loss tool as it aids digestion and cleanses the liver. This citrus contains citric acid, vitamin C, calcium, magnesium, bioflavonoid, pectin, and limonene, which are known to boost the immune system.
Grapefruit
It is a large subtropical fruit known for its slightly bitter and sour taste. Its name is due to the fact that it grows in bunches that look like grapes (in English - grape). With high levels of enzymes, great content water and very little - sodium, grapefruit helps speed up weight loss. It also promotes cancer prevention, boosts immunity levels, and aids digestion. It is rich in B vitamins, magnesium, iron, folic acid, manganese, calcium and potassium.
Orange
Speaking about the types of citrus fruits, it is impossible not to mention oranges. These fruits are rich in vitamin C, potassium and beta-carotene. Oranges are the perfect source useful substances for the body. They help maintain heart health, prevent kidney disease, and lower cholesterol levels. Oranges are by far one of the most popular citrus fruits.
Mandarin
Tangerines are types of citrus fruits that stand out in a separate family and are slightly more expensive than oranges. They have a distinctly less sour and sweeter taste. These fruits are rich in vitamin C and beta-carotene. In addition, tangerines are known to improve digestion, heal wounds and cuts, and limit the risk of obesity.
Clementine
Clementine is a seedless variety of mandarin. Being a rich source of fiber, vitamin C and potassium, it is also considered as energy product. In addition, it is an antioxidant and helps in weight loss and vision improvement. Since it is available from November to January, it is also known as "Christmas Orange".
Lime
These fruits are similar to lemons, but unlike them, they have green color and bittersweet taste. These types of citrus fruits are also rich in vitamins C and A, iron, potassium, magnesium and other minerals. Limes can reverse signs of aging, make skin look younger, and even prevent kidney stones.
pomelo
Being the largest among citrus fruits, pomelo is excellent source vitamins A, B1, B2 and C, bioflavonoids, proteins, fiber, healthy fats, potassium, antioxidants and enzymes. This fruit is known to aid digestion, promote heart and dental health, and boost the immune system's ability to fight off the common flu and colds.
red orange
Fruit types citrus crops are often similar. However, the red orange is considered a separate variety of fruit. Being one of the most delicious among citrus fruits, it is also effective for health. Yes, it contains high level vitamins C and A, as well as folic acid, anthocyanins and calcium. These substances are necessary for the body to prevent cancer, strengthen teeth and bones. In addition, consumption promotes good digestive health. Often you can hear the question: "If two types of citrus fruits are grafted, what happens?". This fruit is a clear answer to it.
Buddha hand
Its scientific name is Citrusmedicavar Sarcodactylis. Better known as Buddha's hand, this fruit is rich in vitamin C. It is commonly used to make tonics and stimulant drinks. Unlike other citrus fruits, it has dry flesh and no seeds.
Citron
This fruit is native to India and Burma. Citron has huge health benefits. The antioxidant properties of the fruit make it ideal for diseases caused by oxidative stress (such as Alzheimer's disease). The fruit has hypoglycemic properties that make it an ideal treatment for diabetes. It also has an analgesic effect on wounds, cuts and burns.
Oroblanco
Oroblanco, commonly referred to as white grapefruit, is rich in natural sugars, dietary fiber, and is an excellent source of antioxidants that prevent free radicals from wreaking havoc on your body. It is also sodium free and has high concentration beta carotene.
Benefits of citrus fruits
First of all, they contribute to weight loss. So, with honey diluted in warm water, serves excellent tool for weight loss. It works most effectively when taken in the morning on an empty stomach. Lemon contains pectin, a soluble fiber that helps burn fat and promote weight loss.
Secondly, all types of citrus fruits increase immunity: most citrus fruits are an excellent source of vitamin C. This substance, consumed in conjunction with antioxidants, helps to boost your body's immunity. Studies have shown that people who consume citrus fruits are less susceptible to common infections like colds and flu.
Thirdly, citrus fruits improve digestion, in particular, lemon and lime are recommended for this purpose. Drinking a glass of lemon juice with your meal will help eliminate harmful bacteria in your gastrointestinal tract.
In addition, almost all types of citrus fruits contain calcium and potassium in a small amount. For example, the potassium level in a lemon helps maintain bone calcium density in the body. Potassium helps prevent calcium loss through the kidneys, thus protecting the body from osteoporosis.
Most citrus fruits contain citric acid, and regular consumption of the juices from these fruits helps increase citrate levels in the urine. People who are prone to kidney stones should drink plenty of water to prevent the formation of kidney stones. But adding lemon juice can help reduce the risk of such a calcium stone.
How to use different types of citrus fruits with benefit?
If you will be consuming pre-bought citrus fruits, store them at room temperature in a week. If you plan to leave them on large quantity time, put the fruits in the refrigerator. There they can remain in a suitable form for a month.
If you have an upset stomach, drink a glass of lime juice. This will help relieve stomach pain and diarrhea.
Lemon juice is used to rub freshly cut fruit to keep it from turning brown. Also, the juice of this citrus, mixed with honey, cleanses the skin well. Because citrus fruits (especially lemon and lime) are acidic in nature, it helps balance the body's pH. Most of these fruits contain less than a hundred calories per serving, so this great option for a healthy snack.
Also, these plants can be used for aesthetic purposes. For example, everyone knows such types of indoor citrus fruits as lemon and tangerine. Despite the fact that they do not always bear fruit, such a tree perfectly decorates any home or office interior.
For many centuries and even millennia, juicy and delicious fruits citrus fruits. Fruits have always been considered the most useful products for humans, as they contain all the most important nutrients necessary for its normal existence. Fresh fruits do not require a long digestive process for assimilation, so they can be consumed little by little at any age, if there is no individual intolerance or allergy. Currently, a huge number of citrus fruits are grown in the world, the fruits of which are not only edible, but also very healthy and fragrant. Further in the article "Citrus fruits: a list of names and photos" you can find the most famous of them.
One of the most beneficial
Lemon is an evergreen tree with a spreading or pyramidal crown. It has fragrant, leathery leaves that contain an essential oil and fall off once every three years. The flowers are pink or cream in color, with a delicate scent. Can be grown as a houseplant. Usually blooms lemon Tree in spring, and juicy, light yellow fruits with tuberculate skin ripen only in autumn. But it depends on the variety and place of growth. Lemons are very beneficial for humans. They contain the following substances:
If you eat one small lemon a day, you can gradually reduce high blood pressure, reduce blood viscosity, improve vascular elasticity. But not everyone can use these valuable fruits. Lemons sharply increase the acidity of gastric juice, and people with diseases gastrointestinal tract you need to eat them with great care and only after consulting on this issue with your doctor. Like all citrus fruits, they can cause an allergic reaction, especially in children.
Lemon fruits are used in cooking, the alcoholic beverage industry, and perfumery. In Russia, it has long been a tradition to drink tea with lemon. Often lemonade is made from these fruits - very popular. natural drink having a refreshing effect. The recipe for its preparation is extremely simple: fresh lemon juice must be thoroughly rubbed with sugar and diluted with water. The amount of ingredients can be taken according to personal preference.
This plant has been known to people since ancient times. It has been established that oranges were successfully grown in China for 2.5 thousand years BC. Currently considered the most common crop of all citrus fruits. It grows in the tropics and subtropics, and in countries with unsuitable climates it is grown in greenhouses. The life span of individual trees can reach up to 150 years. Taste is better in large fruits with a thin crust.
Oranges contain a whole complex of vitamins and a large number of biologically active substances. Orange juice has long been considered an antiscorbutic. It is useful to eat oranges for the prevention of a number of diseases of such important organs as the liver and heart. The high content of vitamin C helps the body fight colds. Noted positive influence the systematic use of these fruits on the state of the vessels. Pectins contained in oranges improve intestinal motility, reduce putrefactive processes. Fresh Orange juice considered one of the best and healthy drinks. Orange slices are actively used in cooking, and all kinds of infusions, liqueurs, and jams are made from the zest. It is also made from orange oil. Fruits should be used with caution due to the likelihood allergic reaction and exacerbation of gastrointestinal diseases.
This evergreen tree can be up to 5 m high, and the fruit harvest reaches seven thousand pieces. Their ripening usually occurs in November or December, depending on the variety. Tangerines are easy to peel, the peel is easily separated from the pulp. The fruits are very fragrant, usually sweeter than an orange.
The tangerine peel contains no less nutrients than the fruit. Therefore, it is prepared tasty and healthy jam, infusions, added to compotes, teas.
Due to the large amount of sugar contained in the mandarin fruit, it should not be eaten by people suffering from pancreatic diseases, including diabetes. Those who have inflammatory processes in the gastrointestinal tract, gastritis, and liver disease should completely refrain from using them. You can not eat tangerines for children who have an individual intolerance to these fruits or an allergy.
The largest of the citrus fruits
The pomelo is a huge evergreen tree that can reach a height of 15 m. Pale green, yellow or orange fruits have a rather thick skin. Sometimes they are found with a mass of 10 kg. The fruits are sour, with a bitter taste. In China, pomelo was known even before our era. In the XIV century, it was first brought to Europe by sailors. In Southeast Asia, as well as China, it is considered a symbol of prosperity. It is used during religious celebrations as offerings to spirits.
This fruit is very useful due to high content vitamin A, the presence of a lipolytic enzyme that promotes faster breakdown of fats and absorption of proteins. It contains such useful substances as potassium, calcium, iron, fiber. Limonoids, present in all citrus fruits and pomelo in particular, inhibit the growth of breast cancer cells.
They usually eat pomelo raw or prepare pie fillings from it, fruit salads, added to the seasoning for meat and fish dishes.
The fruit was first obtained in 1931, in Florida. The fruit of the mineola has a large size, flattened shape, thin red-orange peel. The pulp of the fruit has 10-12 lobules, it sweet and sour taste, With pleasant aroma and few seeds. Contains a lot of folic acid, in 100 g, depending on the ripeness and growing conditions, it can be up to 80% daily allowance for a person. Therefore, it is very important to use it for pregnant women, but only after consulting with your doctor. Improves the elasticity of blood vessels. The fruits are most often consumed fresh or made fresh or canned juices. The zest is used in cooking.
Conclusion
Citrus fruits are loved not only by children, but also by many adults. Them delicious pulp- a real storehouse of vitamins and nutrients. However, their bitter grains also contain a lot of magnesium, potassium and calcium, and the peel contains useful essential oils. Citrus fruits, a list of names, photos with a detailed description will make it possible to get to know them more fully useful properties. Choice of species and different varieties these fruits are very diverse. If you have a desire to try new previously unknown fruits, you should not buy them in large quantities, first you need to find out the reaction of the body - whether allergic symptoms appear or you just don’t like the taste.
All citrus fruits are valuable source vitamin C and other beneficial trace elements and nutrients. Culinary Application citrus fruits are very diverse: juice, zest, pulp - everything goes into business. Obtained from the peel of the fruit fragrant oil, zest and juice season the most different dishes, and the pulp of some citrus fruits is eaten as an independent dessert.
From the citrus encyclopedia prepared by us, you will learn about some representatives of this unique family. It's quite large, and over time we hope to tell you about all of them.
Bergamot or bergamot orange ( bergamot = bergamot orange) - a small sour orange, for culinary purposes, only the zest is used, for the most part. Don't confuse this citrus fruit with the herb of the same name. Lime can be used as a substitute for bergamot.
Blood or pigment orange ( blood orange = pigmented orange) - these oranges with red flesh are most popular in Europe, they are less known in other countries. They go on sale in winter and spring. You can replace the blood orange with regular oranges or tangerines.
Buddha Fingers or Finger Citron ( Buddha"shandcitron=Buddha"sfingerscitron=fingeredcitron) - very fragrant fruit original form, resembling fingers, has practically no flesh, but consists only of the skin, from which candied fruits are prepared. In cooking, it is often replaced with citron or lemon.
grapefruit) is a large, slightly pungent species of the citrus family. The peel is usually yellow with a green or red tint. Grapefruit flesh can be red, pink or white color(more precisely, a cream shade). The color of the pulp does not affect the aroma and taste of grapefruit. When buying a grapefruit, choose not the largest and rather heavy fruits for their size. Some varieties of grapefruit are seedless. The best grapefruits can be bought in winter and spring. Grapefruit can be replaced with ugli fruit, which is more fragrant, pomelo, which is less acidic and pungent, or tangelo, a hybrid of mandarin and grapefruit.
Kaffirlime =jerukpurut =leechlime =limaupurut =magrood=makroot=Makrut) - Thai chefs use this fruit to give dishes a special and strong flavor. Kaffir lime contains very little juice, so for the most part only the zest is used. Replaced with citron, lime, or kaffir lime leaves (1 tablespoon of kaffir lime peel is equivalent to 6 kaffir lime leaves). Used in Thai, Indonesian and Cambodian cuisine.
Musk lime
Calamansi or Musk Lime ( kalamansi = kalamansi lime = calamansi = calamansi lime = musk lime = musklime) - a very sour citrus, shaped like a small round lime, and the taste is something between a lemon and a tangerine. Very popular in the Philippines. Replaced with calamondin, lemon or mandarin.
keylime =Floridakeylime =Mexicanlime) is much smaller and much more sour in taste than a regular Persian lime. Juicy fruit with many seeds. Many chefs even prefer bottled Mexican lime juice. fresh juice Persian limes for cooking. An adequate replacement is lime.
kumquat) - resemble oranges the size of grape berries. Unlike most citrus fruits, kumquats are eaten whole, including the skin. Slightly sour in taste, but very aromatic. Originally from China, where they are considered a symbol of good luck and prosperity. Replaced with limequats, calamondins and Seville oranges (for marmalade).
Lemon is a highly acidic citrus fruit rarely eaten on its own, but its juice, zest and peel are widely used. From one lemon, on average, you can squeeze 2-3 tablespoons of juice. There are many varieties of lemon: eureka, which is most often found on sale, Lisbon lemon ( lisbon lemon), which is smaller than the Eureka and smoother, the Meyer lemon ( meyer lemon), which is becoming increasingly popular for its more pleasant taste. What to replace: in pies - with grapefruit, in soups and marinades - with lemon grass (lemongrass), in the rest - with lime or citron, if only peel and zest are required.
These pungent green fruits are similar to lemons, but are more acidic and have a distinct, unique flavor. Many varieties of lime include the Persian lime ( Persian lime) and Mexican lime ( Mexican lime). When buying limes, look for dark green small limes that are heavy for their size. 1 lime makes about 2 tablespoons of juice. You can substitute lemon (but then you should use more lemon juice or zest, because lemon is less acidic than lime) or calamansi.
limequat) is a hybrid of lime and kumquat. Similar in shape and size to the kumquat, but with a green or yellow-green skin. Has a strong lime flavor. Depending on your culinary goals, the limequat can be substituted for kumquat or lime.
tangerine orange) - has a very pleasant aroma, but their biggest plus is that they are very easy to clean. Variety of cultivars includes mandarin ( tangerine), juicy honey tangerine ( honey tangerine = Murcott), satsuma ( satsuma orange), sweet and tiny clementines ( clementine orange), tangerines with orange flavor ( temple orange). Replaced by: oranges.
meyer lemon) - tastes more pleasant than ordinary lemon, therefore it is highly valued by gourmet chefs. It can be quite difficult to find in stores. You can substitute a simple lemon.
It is difficult to imagine fruit without citrus fruits. They have already filled not only the shelves in stores, but also corners in our hearts. Just imagine what it would be like to drink tea without lemon? Don't you want to treat yourself to oranges, pomelo or kumquats? Their homeland is Southeast Asia, it was she who gave us unforgettable citrus trees.
In Latin, "citrus" means "lemon Tree". On the territory of Russia, from citrus trees, only tangerines can be found, and then in the southern territory.
In the beginning, before the work of breeders, only a few citrus fruits were isolated in the world, and after their number increased significantly.
List of popular citrus fruits:
1. Orange. Everyone knows this plant, so in detailed description does not need.
2. Bergamot. It is the result of crossing citron and orange. Tastes a little sour.
3. Gayanima. Homeland - India. It contains sugar and acid, but there is a huge amount of acid.
4. Grapefruit. Some believe that it is the result of crossing oranges and pomelo, but this information has not been confirmed.
5. Deep-skinned lemon. It is used as a simple one, it does not have any special differences with it.
6. Wild Indian orange. One of the ancient citrus ancestors. He is characterized medicinal properties and therefore used in medicine.
7. Kafir lime. The pulp of this citrus fruit is not suitable for food, but the skin is used in cooking. The juice is quite sour.
8. Round lime. It grows on shrubs or trees, reaches a height of about 13 meters.
9. Ichansky lemon. Homeland - China. Very hardy tree, can grow in almost any region.
10. Lemon wild. The fruits are the same homemade lemon.
11. Karna.
12. Simple lime.
13. Lime is sweet. It is characterized by a pleasant taste, suitable for making juices.
14. Homemade lemon. You can grow it at home. You can see this process on the website.
15. Meyer lemon. Decorative plant. Used in many American recipes.
16. Calamondin. Decorative fruit, not added to food.
17. Clementine. The fruits are very similar to mandarin, as it is its hybrid.
18. Mandarin. Everyone famous fruit.
19. Mandarin noble. Something between a tangerine and an orange.
20. Mandarin Unshiu. Homeland - Japan.
21. Mineola. The result of crossing a tangerine and a grapefruit.
22. Natsudaidai. Homeland - Japan.
23. Orangelo. It is a hybrid of sweet orange and grapefruit. The peel is used to create candied fruits, and the pulp is eaten fresh.
24. Finger lime. The fruit is oval. Used in many recipes.
25. Pomelo. A very healthy citrus fruit, eaten fresh.
26. Pomeranian. Very similar to an orange. Used in medicine.
27. Ponkan. Pretty much the same as a tangerine.
28. Poncirus. It is not eaten, but drinks are made with special processing.
29. Desert lime. The fruits are very expensive, it is difficult to buy them.
30. Rangpur. The result of crossing a lemon and a tangerine.
31. Sweetie. The result of crossing a pomelo and a white grapefruit.
32. Pike perch. Used instead of vinegar.
33. Tangelo. The fruit is very sour.
34. Tangerine. One type of tangerine.
35. Citron. Do not use fresh.
36. Wilson's citrus. The result of crossing papeda and grapefruit.
37. Citrus Kombava. The main value is in the leaves, the pulp is not eaten.
38. Hassaku. Homeland - Japan.
39. Yunos. Rarely used fresh, it is often used for making various additives to the dishes.
The article discusses the most popular citrus trees, which occupy a special place in the diet of people. Every day this list is updated with new fruits created by breeders.
Citrus fruits are not limited to orange, lemon and vitamin C. There are from 15 to 30 species.
The culinary use of citrus fruits is very diverse: juice, zest, pulp - everything goes into business. Aromatic oil is obtained from the peel of the fruit, a variety of dishes are seasoned with zest and juice, and the pulp of some citrus fruits is eaten as an independent dessert.
The most common orange
The orange tree is originally from China, brought by the Portuguese to Europe and now grows well along the entire Mediterranean coast, as well as in Central America.
oranges - lovely dessert, they improve appetite, are useful as a general tonic. Due to the presence of a complex of vitamins and other biologically active substances in them, these citrus fruits are recommended for the prevention and treatment of hypovitaminosis, diseases of the liver, heart and blood vessels, and metabolism. Pectins, which are contained in oranges, promote the process of digestion, enhance the motor function of the large intestine and reduce putrefactive processes in it.
The peel, in addition to the well-known economic use for zest, infusions, jams, etc., is also used to prepare various kinds of liqueurs in Bologna and Florence. Orange oil is also obtained from the peel.
Lemon is a very acidic citrus fruit. Homeland - India, China and the Pacific tropical islands. Not known in the wild. It is widely cultivated in many countries with a subtropical climate.
Lemons are eaten fresh and also used in the manufacture of confectionery and soft drinks, in the alcoholic beverage and perfume industry. As a spice, lemon is used in various fruit salads, sweet dishes, biscuits, sauces, fish, poultry and rice dishes.
With a therapeutic and prophylactic purpose, lemons are used for hypovitaminosis, beriberi, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, mineral metabolism disorders, rheumatism, urolithiasis, atherosclerosis, scurvy, tonsillitis, gout, hypertension. In the Middle Ages, lemon was believed to protect against the plague and to be an antidote for snake bites. Oriental medicine considered lemon to be an excellent remedy for treating wounds and lung diseases and an antidote for various poisonings.
Currently lemon juice and lemon oil, obtained from fresh peel, is used to improve the taste and smell of medicines.
Lemon is widely used as cosmetic product - lemon water softens and whitens the skin of the face, it is used in a mixture with whipped egg white, glycerin and cologne to get rid of freckles, age spots, rejuvenate the skin of the face. Lemon juice heals cracks in the skin, reduces brittle nails. Lemon peel boiled in honey was used to improve digestion. For cosmetic purposes, lemon is used as hair balms, creams, lotions, for the manufacture of lotions and masks for the care of various skin types.
Green fruits are similar to lemons, but they are more acidic and have a special, unique flavor. Originally from India.
The antirheumatic, antiseptic, antiviral, bactericidal, healing, regenerating, tonic effects of lime are widely used in medicine. Calms strong and frequent heartbeats. Has a beneficial effect on the stomach. Relieves intestinal inflammation caused by stress. Often used instead of lemon, as lime has similar properties. Used in the treatment of fever, infectious diseases, sore throat, colds, etc.
It has a cleansing and toning effect on the skin. Strengthens thin hair and nails, promotes their growth.
A slice of this green and bitter lemon accompanies every sip of tequila, complements many cocktails. Limes are essential for making great sauces.
Grapefruit
Outwardly, a grapefruit is similar to an orange, but its flesh is sourer and with a touch of bitterness.
The flesh of grapefruits can be red, pink or white (more precisely, creamy). The color of the pulp does not affect the aroma and taste of grapefruit. When buying a grapefruit, choose not the largest and rather heavy fruits for their size.
Grapefruit also contains antioxidants that lower cholesterol levels. One grapefruit a day helps to normalize blood cholesterol levels. This is especially important for people suffering from ischemic heart disease and circulatory diseases, for whom elevated cholesterol levels are another risk factor.
Grapefruit juice increases the acidity of gastric juice, so it is indicated for people with low acidity. Grapefruit is the main component of the so-called grapefruit diet, aimed at accelerating metabolism. In 2004, it became known that grapefruit can help not only with weight loss, but also with diabetes. The action is based on the fact that the use of grapefruit improves the metabolism of sugar-containing substances. As a result, blood sugar levels decrease and the need for insulin decreases.
blood orange
A blood-red variety of orange. This color is given to it by the presence of anthocyanins, pigments that are quite common in flowers and fruits, but unusual for citrus fruits.
The first plantings of blood oranges appeared in Sicily, and over time they gained great popularity in the United States.
Like all citrus fruits, blood orange is rich in vitamin C. The anthocyanins they contain are antioxidants that reduce the risk of many age-related diseases, including diseases of cardio-vascular system. They also reduce the risk of cataracts and remove cholesterol from the body. Besides blood oranges are a good source of iron, calcium and vitamin A.
In cooking, blood oranges are used to make cocktails and produce marmalade and sorbet.
Bergamot
Many are familiar as a flavoring good varieties tea. Bergamot is considered to be native to Southeast Asia.
Bergamot peel is used in aromatherapy, to treat depression and improve digestion. The furocoumarins contained in it have a strong photosensitizing effect, which contributes to faster skin pigmentation. In medicine, based on one of the components - bergapten - drugs have been created for the treatment of vitiligo and nested baldness.
Bergamot oil is used for fragrance ointments and in perfumery. Bergamot peel is used in perfumery because of its ability to combine with different fragrances to form a bouquet of scents that complement each other. Approximately one third of men's and half of women's perfumes contain bergamot essential oil. Currently in in kind it is not used in perfumery, as it causes photoburns of the skin at the place where the perfume is applied under the influence of sunlight.
Mandarin
Native to southern China. It was brought to Europe at the beginning of the 19th century.
Mandarin fruits are used fresh and for the manufacture of fruit juices and compotes. As a spice, it is used in the preparation of various sweet dishes, biscuits, sauces, fish, poultry, rice dishes and fruit salads.
Tangerine peel is used as a substitute for orange peel in the preparation of various medicines, infusions, syrups, extracts, as well as in Food Industry. With repeated rubbing of mandarin juice into the skin, skin areas affected by microsporia and trichophytosis are cured.
Alcohol tincture from the peel of tangerines increases appetite, improves digestion, softens the inflammatory secret in the bronchi and upper respiratory tract, promotes the separation of sputum. In oriental medicine, a tincture of the peel, as well as its water infusion or decoction, was used for bronchitis, nausea, as an antitussive and a digestive aid.
Mineola is a variety of orange tangerines obtained by hybridization with an orange.
It is pear-shaped and reddish-orange in color. It tastes different from tangerine and orange. Most convenient when cleaning and eating with your hands. Good mineoles are hard or slightly soft, heavy for their size, with an uneven surface but no deep indentations, and also have Orange color. Fresh mineos can be used in salads, desserts and main dishes and juice is often consumed in the US.
Another common variety of orange tangerines is Clementine.
Clementine
A hybrid of a mandarin and an orange - a beetle, created in 1902. The fruits are similar in shape to tangerines, but sweeter.
The main suppliers are Spain, Morocco, Italy and Algeria. There are three types of clementines: Corsican - the best, protected by the trademark of the region, with an orange-red skin, fragrant and without seeds; it is sold with leaves (two per fruit) from early November to early February; Spanish - has varieties: smaller fruits and larger, each fruit contains from 2 to 10 seeds; Montreal - very rare, appears in mid-October, suppliers - Spain and Algeria, the fruit contains from 10 to 12 seeds.
Juicy, sweet, rich in vitamin C, clementines keep well in the cold; they are candied and added to brandy, the juice is frozen for sorbet and mixed with drinks. In England, clementines are used to make liqueurs and marinade.
The fruits of this tree with very large flowers can vary in shape, color, size and even taste. However, they all have common feature- Their peel is much thicker than that of a grapefruit. By the way, it makes wonderful jam, marmalade and candied fruits.
Pomelo is sometimes called sheddock, after the English captain Sheddock, who brought pomelo seeds to the West Indies from the Malay Archipelago in the 17th century.
Pomelo fruits are consumed raw and processed. Pomelo is an integral part of many national Thai and Chinese dishes.
In China in Chinese New Year these fruits are given to each other as a symbol of prosperity and well-being. Chinese people living in Thailand use pomelo for religious festivities, very often pomelo is offered as a gift to spirits.
Small exotic fruit orange or orange-yellow in color, resembling a small orange in appearance. Grows in southern China.
In appearance, kumquat fruits resemble miniature oval oranges ranging in size from 3 to 5 centimeters in length and from 2 to 4 centimeters in width.
The kumquat fruit tastes like a tangerine with a slight sourness, is edible completely, with a sweet peel. In nature, there are several types of kumquat, differing in the shape of the fruit. Kumquat is consumed both raw and processed (candied fruit, jam, marmalade).
Calamondin
The pulp and peel of calamandin are orange, it tastes like lemon or lime. A hybrid of a mandarin tree with a kumquat.
The plant is ornamental, blooms profusely and bears fruit, grows well at home.
In ancient times, citron was widely cultivated in Western India, Western Asia and the Mediterranean. He was the first citrus long before our era came to Europe.
Sour or sour-sweet, slightly bitter, low-juicy fruit pulp is not eaten fresh, it is used exclusively in confectionery production for jams, stuffings. From the peel of the fruit, which has a strong aroma, a valuable essential oil is obtained, which is used to flavor drinks, confectionery and culinary products, as well as for making jams and candied fruits.
An exotic variety of citron grown in China and Japan - "Buddha's Fingers", Buddha's Fingers. Its fragrant fruit is divided into several finger-like lobes with little pulp.
Oroblanco
Oroblanco - also known as Sweetie (Citrus Sweetie) and Pomelit (Pomelit) - a citrus variety bred from a traditional hybrid of pomelo with white grapefruit in 1984 by Israeli scientists.
The task set by the scientists was to make the grapefruit sweeter. Although they succeeded quite well, sweetie has not yet become a popular citrus fruit - perhaps because, like pomelo, it has too much "waste".
Sweetie fruits remain green even after full ripening.
Scientists have come to the conclusion that pomelit lowers blood cholesterol levels better than its ancestors. Moreover, it is sweeter than a grapefruit, and not as big as a pomelo.
Pomeranian
Known as "bitter orange" and Seville orange - Seville is a classic bitter orange.
Pomeranian fruits are used medicinally, and neroli and petitgrain essential oils from flowers and leaves are used to make marmalade, candied crusts and soft drinks and are included as the main component in many flower compositions in perfumery; in the confectionery and other branches of the food industry, infusions of flowers are also used.
From the crushed peel, tinctures are prepared, used as an appetite enhancer or as a corrigen in the production of other dosage forms.
coalfruit
A hybrid of mandarin and grapefruit, sweet juicy fruit, easy to peel, practically pitted.
Its name comes from the unsightly appearance - rough, wrinkled, greenish-yellow peel.
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