Do you know that Russia is one of the world leaders not only in oil production, but also in the production of sunflower oil? I also learned about this with surprise. To find out how such a necessary culinary product is obtained from seeds, I went to Voronezh, to one of the largest factories in Russia for the production of sunflower oil.
Before the main story, we learn about the history of sunflower oil.
According to Wikipedia, the evolution of sunflower as a cultivated plant occurred in Russian Empire, And industrial production associated with the name of Daniil Bokarev. In 1829, he invented a method for extracting oil from sunflower seeds. Four years later, in 1833, in the settlement of Alekseevka, Voronezh province (now Belgorod region), the merchant Papushin, with the assistance of Bokarev, built the first oil mill in Russia. In 1834, Bokarev opened his own oil mill. In 1835, the export of oil abroad began. By 1860, there were about 160 oil mills in Alekseevka.
Factories for the production of sunflower oil are built in close proximity to the place where sunflowers grow, that is, mainly in the black earth or southern regions of Russia. This is done not only to make it convenient to transport seeds to the plant, but also to economic reasons- sunflower seeds weigh very little compared to the final product, and transporting them over long distances is impractical.
The plant, which produces the well-known brand of sunflower oil "Oleina" in Russia, was built not so long ago, in 2008. However, in a short period of time the company took a leading position among sunflower oil producers.
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Perhaps we’ll go to production and find out how sunflower oil is made.
It all starts here. In front of the entrance to the plant there is such a house with a canopy. This is a laboratory where a truck with seeds arrives. Here the quality of the seeds arriving at the plant is determined (weediness, moisture content, oil content, pest infestation, etc.). If the seeds do not meet the requirements, they are taken back to the manufacturer. There are dozens of these trucks with trailers parked in front of the entrance to the plant.
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Then the truck with the seeds is weighed.
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Then you need to unload the seeds. This happens as follows - the truck drives onto a special lift, where it is secured with chains, then it rises at an angle, and the seeds are unloaded into a special container. From there they are sent along transport belts to be cleaned of debris and, if necessary, to a dryer for drying. And the seeds can already be transferred for storage to silos (storages).
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The huge cylindrical containers in the photo are those same storage facilities. Here the seeds are stored at a certain temperature. The higher the oil content of the seeds, the greater the oil yield.
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There are many on the territory of the plant various capacities. Some are for storing seeds, others are for storing processed raw materials - cake, meal. I will tell you what this is further.
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By the way, the meal looks like this.
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The plant has its own railway line. From here, processed raw materials (oil, meal) go to various regions.
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But let's get back to production. Seeds ready for processing are transported via transport belts to the first stage of production.
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In the seed processing workshop, the seeds are dehulled (destroyed) and separated from the kernel.
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Collapse occurs in these devices. With the help of centrifugal force, the seeds are broken against the whips, resulting in a rushanka (kernel and husk). Then the kernels are separated from the husks and each part goes its own way for further processing.
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The kernel is sent for moisture-heat treatment in a fryer, where it is heated to 90C and is prepared for squeezing the oil in presses. At this stage, press oil is obtained, which, after filtration, is sent for temporary storage, and the resulting solid and still oily cake is transferred to the next stage.
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The characteristic taste of oil after hot pressing is reminiscent of roasted sunflower seeds. Oils obtained by hot pressing are more intensely colored and flavored due to oxidation products that are formed during heating. Cold-pressed sunflower oil is obtained from mint without heating. The advantage of this oil is the preservation of most of the useful substances in it: antioxidants, vitamins, lecithin. The negative point is that such a product cannot be stored for a long time, it quickly becomes cloudy, goes rancid and becomes hazardous to health.
The cake remaining after pressing the oil is transferred to extraction for deeper extraction of oil. or used in animal husbandry. Sunflower oil, obtained by pressing, is called pressed, because after pressing it is only settled and filtered. This product has high taste and nutritional properties.
In the photo I am holding a piece of cake.
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No Hipsters Allowed!
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This building houses equipment for refining (purifying) oil from accompanying organic impurities. Refined oil has virtually no color, taste or smell. The cleaning process consists of several stages.
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At the first stage, removal of phosphatides or hydration occurs - processing a small amount hot - up to 70 ° C water. As a result, phospholipids become insoluble in oil and precipitate, after which they are separated in centrifugal separators. , Phospholipids useful material but not stable in oil. During storage, they form a sediment in the oil and the oil begins to go rancid, and when frying in a frying pan, they burn.
Not refined oil has a little less biological value than raw, since hydration removes some of the phosphatides, but it is stored longer. This treatment makes the vegetable oil transparent, after which it is called commercial hydrated.
In the second stage, the oil is bleached. Bleaching is the treatment of oil with adsorbents of natural origin (most often special clays) that absorb coloring components, after which the oil is clarified. Pigments pass into the oil from the seeds and also threaten oxidation finished product. After bleaching, the oil becomes light yellow in color.
Tools for maintaining oil filtration devices in working order.
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After bleaching, the oil is sent to the freezing section. Freezing is the removal of wax from oil. All seeds are covered with wax, this is a kind of protection against natural factors. Wax makes the oil cloudy and thereby spoils its presentation. The purification process in this case occurs by cooling the oil to a temperature of 8-10 C and adding cellulose (natural origin), after keeping the oil at this temperature and subsequent filtration, the oil turns out transparent.
Deodorization – removal of free fatty acids and aromatic substances by exposing sunflower oil to hot, sharp steam at high temperatures in high vacuum conditions. During this process, odorous substances and free fatty acids, which characterize the quality of the oil, are removed. In addition, deodorization removes odorants that give the oil its taste and smell, as well as pesticides.
Removing the above undesirable impurities leads to the possibility of increasing the shelf life of the oil. Having gone through all the stages, vegetable oil becomes impersonal - without color, taste, smell. Margarine, mayonnaise, cooking fats, used for canning and frying.
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After all the circles of cleaning hell, the oil ends up in these huge containers. Sorry for using the word “huge” once again, but the scale of production is such that everything here is huge).
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The oil will be delivered to individual customers in a tank.
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We learned about the process of oil production and its purification, now let's go to The final stage- to the bottling shop.
Seeing this slogan, another sphere of human activity came to mind, which I will not voice now. What associations do you have?
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But before visiting the workshop, you must put on gowns, a cap, shoe covers and wash your hands. Almost all food production such rules.
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Remember these rules.
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The bottles into which the oil will be poured are made like everyone else plastic bottles from such preforms. There are different preforms for bottles of different capacities.
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They are loaded into this container, it moves the preforms to the blow molding machine, which when the right temperature blows the bottle out of it.
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It goes like this:
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This is such simple magic.
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And it goes into the next device, where oil is poured. By the way, the oil comes here through pipes from those same containers of 500 and 800 cubic meters.
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The bottle is screwed on with a cap and continues on its way.
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At the next stage, the bottle is covered with a label.
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Along the way, the devices detect bottles that are incorrectly covered or do not meet the requirements - without a cap, etc. They are rejected.
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I saw an interesting sign, I don’t know what it means. Can anyone tell me?
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The bottles are then piled up so that the suction cup machine can fill the box in one go.
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For transportation, they are folded in several rows and wrapped in polyethylene.
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After that, the electric cars place the pallet with boxes on the rack, waiting for the oil to travel to the stores.
The plant's capacity allows it to process 540,000 tons of raw materials and produce over 200 million bottles of sunflower oil per year.
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Finally, I will clearly show all the stages of oil production in three pictures.
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Now you know how sunflower oil is obtained. I hope you had the strength to read to the end)
Vegetable oil takes pride of place in every kitchen. modern housewife. Moreover, in our country, sunflower oil is the most popular. It is used for frying, added to dough for baking, and seasoned on salads. Therefore, everyone invariably has a question: is there any benefit from consuming sunflower oil or is there only harm from it?
What is sunflower oil
There are two main types of this product: unrefined and refined. The difference between them lies in the method of technological processing.
Refined vegetable oil is obtained through an extraction process. That is, almost all the valuable contents are extracted from sunflower seeds. After this, the liquid is subjected to repeated purification, which is called refining. Sometimes refined oil is additionally deodorized. This is done in order to completely remove sediment and all coloring matter, as well as odor. This product is ideal for frying or baking. But there is very little benefit left in it. It is true that it cannot cause any harm to health. This vegetable oil has a significant advantage: it does not release carcinogens during the cooking process and does not foam.
It is better to use unrefined vegetable oil as a salad dressing. It is obtained by hot pressing sunflower seeds. After this, the resulting liquid is filtered and hydration and neutralization processes are carried out. This vegetable oil retains beneficial substances, incredible aroma and taste. Heating this product may be harmful as it elevated temperatures it begins to smoke heavily and can release carcinogenic substances. Unrefined oil has short period of time shelf life, so it can be stored for a long time open bottle Not recommended. A spoiled product will have an unpleasant bitter taste and become cloudy.
What are the benefits of eating sunflower oil?
Sunflower oil contains such essential substances for the body as fatty acids, minerals and vitamins B, A, E, D and F. Moreover, all vitamins are contained in this product in an easily digestible form. Therefore, the benefits of sunflower oil are obvious.
Vitamin F refers to a complex of Omega-6, Omega-3 and arachidonic acid. These substances are necessary to maintain healthy and elastic skin, improve the condition of the walls of blood vessels and normalize blood flow. In addition, their benefit lies in the fact that they are able to strengthen the immune system and rid the body of toxins accumulated in it.
Regular consumption of vitamin E helps improve memory, fight the aging of body cells, improve functioning nervous system. Particular benefits from eating foods rich in this substance are observed in adulthood. A deficiency of this substance can cause significant harm to the body, triggering the development of Alzheimer's disease or diabetes.
Sunflower oil is also rich in vitamin A. This substance is essential for the growth of strong, healthy nails and hair. In addition, it supports the health of the teeth and skeletal system of the body. Vitamin A can even fight the development of cancer.
The benefits of sunflower seed oil are invaluable for a growing body, so it must be included in a child’s diet. It contains vitamin D, which affects the absorption of calcium. Thus, it is possible to prevent the development of osteoporosis and make bones and teeth strong. In addition, this substance stimulates proper metabolism and has a beneficial effect on the functioning of the intestines and the entire digestive system as a whole.
Is it possible to consume vegetable oil while dieting?
This product does not contain proteins or carbohydrates, only fats. They are the highest calorie substances. The body needs to spend 9 kilocalories to break down 1 gram of fat. About 900 kcal is contained in 100 grams vegetable oil. Therefore, those who want to lose weight should carefully introduce this product into their diet, as they can cause harm to themselves. But you shouldn’t completely abandon it. During a diet, a person limits himself to a number of foods, so the vitamins and minerals that vegetable oil contains can be very valuable.
What are the harms of eating sunflower oil?
You can harm your health only if you consume sunflower oil in large quantities. Acceptable norm no more than three tablespoons of this product per day is considered.
There are no special contraindications to the use of sunflower oil. It should be used with caution only by people suffering from diseases of the biliary tract and gallbladder.
Harm can be caused by the use of an expired product. Therefore, when buying vegetable oil, pay special attention to the date of its production. In a bottle with quality fresh product there should be no sediment. Unrefined oil must be stored in a glass sealed container. It is not recommended to use the oil after 30 days from the moment the factory bottle is opened.
Use of sunflower oil in medicine
Official medicine advises consuming sunflower oil during menstrual irregularities in women. It also has a positive effect on the functioning of the ovaries.
The benefits of oil rich in vitamin E can also be seen during pregnancy. Thanks to it, you can stabilize the hormonal system of the body.
Traditional medicine offers us a whole list various recipes sunflower oil applications. For example, rubbing with a mixture will help in the fight against rheumatism. medicinal herbs and oils. You can prepare a remedy from crushed rosemary leaves. To prepare it, you need to pour a couple of tablespoons of herbs with five tablespoons of heated sunflower oil. The resulting mixture must be infused for at least 12 hours. Then it can be filtered and rubbed.
Video about the benefits and harms of sunflower oil
The debate surrounding the issue and benefits of sunflower oil does not stop. Some are quick to assure that refined oil is very harmful to health. Others swear off buying unrefined because it often has a bitter taste and foams in the pan. There are opinions that refined oil can withstand high temperatures, while natural (unrefined) oil, on the contrary, is only suitable for dressing salads. Where to find the truth and which sunflower oil to choose. The benefits and harms of this product will be discussed in our article today so that you can make your choice.
The benefits of sunflower oil
Let's start with the fact that this is one of the most popular products which is used in cooking. No kitchen can do without its use; every housewife always keeps sunflower oil in a darkened cabinet. Its benefits and harms depend on the method of use, because the product itself is very valuable. It contains vitamins A, D, E, as well as many biologically active substances. Eating this product helps improve vision, strengthen bone tissue, hair, nails and skin. Sunflower oil has a positive effect on the endocrine and genitourinary system. The oil is capable of preserving many vitamins. For example, carotene contained in carrots dissolves only if it is consumed with oil.
The oil is also widely used in cosmetology. Almost all oils that are available in pharmacies (burdock, St. John's wort, nettle and many others) are prepared on its basis. As you can see, sunflower oil is a very valuable product. Its benefits and harms, however, go hand in hand.
Harm of sunflower oil
This is obvious, but it cannot be ignored. The product is very high in calories, and a large number of fat in the composition can cause a set excess weight. Oil should be consumed very sparingly. This is especially true for those who are obese. That is, in fact, all the harm that a person can get from this product lies in the fact that it is quite high in calories. Therefore, you should not consume it in too large quantities. At the same time, dressing salads will not harm your body. However, anything fried in oil should be kept to a minimum.
Contraindications
Despite the fact that this is a product and not a medicine, sunflower oil also has its contraindications. Its benefits and harms have already been described, now let's see for whom this product is completely prohibited. These are primarily people suffering from cardiovascular diseases. If you have diseases of the biliary tract and gallbladder, then you should minimize your intake of oil. Besides, in minimum quantities sunflower oil should be taken with diabetes mellitus And high level cholesterol.
The benefits of refined oil
You will always recognize this product by its characteristic characteristics - light color, absence of odor and smoke when frying. Therefore, most often, if you plan to cook pies or flatbreads, you will take refined sunflower oil. The benefits and harms of this product are determined by the technologies with which it was purified. The composition of the product remains the same; the cleaning procedure does not change it. It is carried out in two ways. The first - physical, involves the use of adsorbents. The second is chemical, in this case the oil is passed through alkalis. The second method is more common, as it is easier to control the quality of the final product.
First of all, we can appreciate the benefits of purified oil when frying. It has no taste, does not smoke and does not form foam. However, you shouldn’t criticize the frying pan too much. The smoke point, when the oil begins to burn, producing carcinogens, is higher for refined oil, but it still exists.
Harm of refined oil
In some cases, if you want an odorless product, you should use frozen sunflower oil. The benefits and harms of this product are little known, but it can be assumed that you get a purified, odorless product without using any alkalis or absorbent substances. Manufacturers, of course, claim that the oil is washed well after cleaning and no harmful impurities are retained in it. I want to believe in this, but still a process home cleaning much safer. For example, you should not use factory-refined sunflower oil on an empty stomach. The benefits and harms of such a product depend on the method of its purification. No matter how safe industrial alkalis are, it is unlikely that their impurities will add to your health.
The benefits of unrefined oil
Now let's look at unrefined sunflower oil. Its benefits and harms for a long time were not considered at all, it was included in cheap products for the poorest, and everyone else used the purified one. However, this is fundamentally wrong. Cold pressed oil is the best thing you can think of for your health. It retains the maximum of useful substances found in sunflower grains. This is what is very useful for refueling. vegetable salads, you can drink it on an empty stomach in the morning, and also rinse your mouth with sunflower oil. The benefits and harms of this ritual have been studied since ancient times. This is how they treat a sore throat, sore throat, and relieve headaches and toothaches. To do this, take a little oil into your mouth and rinse for 20 minutes, after which you should spit out the oil.
This lean product Since ancient times, it has been used as a substitute for animal fats during fasting, or during illness. The dough was made in vegetable oil and baked Lenten pies, it was added to porridge.
The harm of unrefined oil
When frying with unrefined oil more harm than good. When heating begins, excess moisture in the oil increases, and this immediately leads to the appearance of foam. It is very difficult to control the frying process when the products are covered with a thick layer of foam. Smoke natural oil starts already at 100 degrees, if you consider that the average frying temperature for pies is 230 degrees, then it is clear that the formation of carcinogens is inevitable.
This means that if you decide to fry meat in fragrant oil, then as a result you will hopelessly spoil the product, and the whole room will have to be ventilated for a very long time. The smell after frying in unrefined oil is very persistent. Nutritionists unanimously argue that despite the high calorie content, vegetable oil should be present in the diet regularly. At the same time, it is better to take refined for frying, and unrefined for making sauces and salad dressing. Therefore, you should always have two bottles of oil in your kitchen.
Let's sum it up
Today we have considered an important topic, since each of us constantly buys sunflower oil. The benefits and harms (we discussed in detail how to take purified and natural oil earlier) of this product very much depend on how you use it. First of all, you need to follow the dosage, every day it is permissible to use only 2 tablespoons, due to its high calorie content. In addition, in order not to get harmful carcinogens along with food, you need to remember that you can only fry in purified oil. But for salads and sandwiches you can use aromatic, unrefined seeds that smell like seeds.
Almost every home has sunflower oil in the kitchen. It is used for frying meat, vegetables, pies, and preparing salads. At the same time, no one even thinks that sunflower oil, whose composition is rich in useful substances, can be used not only in the cooking process, but also in the treatment of various ailments, the elimination of some appearance flaws.
A little bit of history
Sunflower oil is a product that is obtained from sunflower seeds. This plant brought from America to Europe. It came to our country thanks to Peter I. The Tsar noticed this beautiful plant in Holland and ordered the seeds to be brought. The sunflower has long been considered an ornamental flower. At the end of the 18th century, Academician V.M. Severgin wrote in his works that oil can be obtained from seeds. However, this information did not arouse widespread interest.
Until about the 30s of the 19th century, sunflower was garden plant. Then the peasant D. Bokarev decided to squeeze the oil out of the grains. The experiment was a success. The resulting product turned out to be tasty and served as an alternative to other vegetable oils. Gradually, sunflower became the most cultivated plant in the country.
Composition of sunflower oil
The product in question includes useful substances:
- which are more easily absorbed by the human body compared to animals;
- vitamin E, which is a protector against aging and cancer;
- fatty acid, necessary for the body for the construction of cells and tissues, for the functioning of the circulatory and nervous systems.
From the table below you can find out what sunflower oil includes. The composition is indicated per 100 g of the product.
| Chemical composition and nutritional value | |
| Water | 0,10% |
| Fats | 99,90% |
| Saturated fatty acids | 12,5% (8,7%—16,3%) |
| polyunsaturated fatty acids | 65,0% (55,0%—75,0%) |
| Phosphorus | 2 mg% |
| Vitamin E | 44 mg% |
| Energy value | 899 kcal |
| Fatty acid composition: fatty acids (%, to the amount of fatty acids) | |
| Myristic | up to 0.02 |
| palmitic | 5,0—7,6 |
| Lignoceric | up to 0.5 |
| Palmitoleic | up to 0.3 |
| Arachinova | up to 0.5 |
| Oleic | 14,0—39,4 |
| Linoleic | 48,3—77,0 |
| Linolenic | up to 0.3 |
| Stearic | 2,7—6.5 |
| Begenovaya | 0,3—1,5 |
| Gondoin | up to 0.3 |
Classification of sunflower oil
Vegetable oil made from sunflower seeds is divided into unrefined and refined. The initial product, after being obtained from the raw material, is settled, filtered and sent for hydration and neutralization. During these procedures, the composition of unrefined sunflower oil is deprived of phospholipids - substances that cause long-term storage the oil becomes cloudy.
The second product from the classification is received after passing the full technological scheme cleaning. Sunflower oil is settled, filtered, centrifuged, and hydrated. Next process after all this - refining. Sunflower oil is clarified using special adsorbents. The product is then processed under vacuum with water steam. Thanks to this, the oil loses its original smell, i.e. it is deodorized. The treatment also eliminates substances that, when exposed to high temperatures, turn into carcinogens and enter the body.
Healing properties of the product
Sunflower oil is necessary for the human body because it contains beneficial substances. It is especially rich in vitamin E. Other vegetable oils contain it in much smaller quantities (if you compare the composition of olive and sunflower oil, you can see that the latter contains 10 times more of this vitamin). It is necessary for normal operation heart muscle, gonads. With its deficiency, neurological disorders and hemolysis of red blood cells occur. To prevent such conditions, it is recommended to consume the unrefined product with salads ( chemical composition unrefined sunflower oil contains more useful substances, so it is recommended to add it to various dishes and do not use for frying).
Sunflower oil is useful for various ailments. Due to the presence of its own biological composition, it becomes an important ingredient in various ointments, masks, etc. Sunflower oil interacts well with herbal ingredients — medicines, prepared according to folk recipes, apply:
- for treatment when cold symptoms appear;
- to relieve pain in the joints;
- in other pathological conditions.
Sunflower oil and cold treatment
For sore throats indicating the development of a sore throat, traditional healers recommend preparing a lubricant and using it according to the following recipe:
- mix aloe juice with the same amount unrefined oil sunflower;
- dip a cotton swab into the resulting mixture;
- lubricate the throat.
When coughing in children, sunflower oil can also be used. The composition of the product helps to eliminate this symptom. To combat cough in folk medicine compresses are used:
- in a container mix 1 tbsp. a spoonful of dry mustard, unrefined oil and vodka;
- All ingredients are mixed, flour is added to them until a thick dough is formed;
- the mixture is heated on a water bath;
- 3 cakes are made from the dough, which are wrapped in gauze;
- 2 cakes are placed on the back, and the remaining one is placed on the chest (it should be taken into account that compresses are not applied to the spine and the place where the heart is located; a small cake is placed on the chest under the dimple).
Sunflower oil in the service of beauty
In some beauty recipes, one of the ingredients is sunflower oil. The composition of the product has a positive effect on the skin and hair. For example, if you have severe dry skin and flaking, you can help yourself in the following way:
- mix 100 g of sunflower oil with the same amount of honey;
- add 2 to mixture chicken eggs without protein;
- mix the ingredients thoroughly and heat;
- apply the product on the face in several doses with a 7-minute interval;
- Wash off the mask from your face with a swab dipped in linden infusion.
Sunflower oil is suitable not only for dry skin, but also for normal skin. Women with this skin type benefit from this product in winter, when the face is affected by negative factors such as frost and wind. To eliminate their influence, it is enough to cleanse the skin with sunflower oil every day. It is first heated and then applied to the face. After 3 minutes, the oil is removed with a swab dipped in water or a decoction based on medicinal herbs.
IN healing properties sunflower oil included positive influence on the hair. First of all, the product must be included in the diet. The health and beauty of hair depends on what a person eats. If you have any problems related to hair, then nutrition alone will not be enough. For example, if you have hair loss, you can do this once a week. simple procedure- rub the mixture prepared from 1 tbsp into the scalp. spoons of sunflower oil and egg yolk. Rinse hair 40 minutes after application using warm water.
Use of oil for gynecological diseases
The composition of refined sunflower oil has positive effect for gynecological diseases. The product promotes the healing of mucous membranes. To prepare a remedy for female ailments:
- 1 part refined sunflower oil is mixed with 1 part bee honey;
- the mixture is boiled in a water bath, cooled and used to wet cotton swabs.
Medicine prepared at home relieves minor inflammatory processes. If you have unpleasant symptoms of premenstrual syndrome, you should just eat salads seasoned with sunflower oil. B contains linoleic acid. It just helps relieve painful symptoms.
The use of sunflower oil for joint pain
To relieve painful sensations in the joint, you can use a mixture prepared from unrefined sunflower oil and bodyaga powder (the latter component is available in pharmacies):
- add 1 part of bodyaga powder to 30 parts of oil;
- mix the ingredients thoroughly;
- the resulting ointment is applied to the affected joint from the outside and rubbed in in a circular motion;
- After the procedure, the limb is wrapped in a warm cloth.
Rinse and lubricate the mouth
The chemical composition of sunflower oil allows this product to be used for treatment and healing oral cavity. Daily rinsing can stop the damage to the periodontal tissue, prevent the formation of plaque on the teeth, and prevent the development of the carious process. How to use sunflower oil? It is recommended to keep half of 1 tbsp in your mouth for a quarter of an hour. spoons of this product. After this procedure, you need to spit out the oil and rinse your mouth thoroughly. warm water, adding a little salt to it first.
If any problems with the mucous membrane are observed in the oral cavity, then use a mixture of 1 part unrefined sunflower oil with 1 part fir oil. She treats the affected areas in the mouth with a cotton swab. After application, the mixture is placed in the refrigerator and stored there.
In conclusion, it should be noted that very useful product is sunflower oil. The composition includes substances that are necessary for a person. It is recommended to prepare medicines from the oil according to folk recipes for various diseases, make medicinal cosmetics. However, self-medication is still not encouraged. Before using any product, you should consult a specialist, because in some diseases the oil may not have the expected effect or even cause harm.
Do you know that Russia is one of the world leaders not only in oil production, but also in the production of sunflower oil? I also learned about this with surprise. To find out how such a necessary culinary product is obtained from seeds, I went to Voronezh, to one of the largest factories in Russia for the production of sunflower oil.
Today in a special report for a story about how sunflower gold is squeezed out of sunflower seeds.
Before the main story, we learn about the history of sunflower oil.
According to Wikipedia, the evolution of sunflower as a cultivated plant occurred in the Russian Empire, and industrial production is associated with the name of Daniil Bokarev. In 1829, he invented a method for extracting oil from sunflower seeds. Four years later, in 1833, in the settlement of Alekseevka, Voronezh province (now Belgorod region), the merchant Papushin, with the assistance of Bokarev, built the first oil mill in Russia. In 1834, Bokarev opened his own oil mill. In 1835, the export of oil abroad began. By 1860, there were about 160 oil mills in Alekseevka.
Factories for the production of sunflower oil are built in close proximity to the place where sunflowers grow, that is, mainly in the black earth or southern regions of Russia. This is done not only to make it convenient to transport the seeds to the plant, but also for economic reasons - sunflower seeds weigh very little compared to the final product, and it is not practical to transport them over long distances.
The plant, which produces the well-known brand of sunflower oil "Oleina" in Russia, was built not so long ago, in 2008. However, in a short period of time the company took a leading position among sunflower oil producers.
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Perhaps we’ll go to production and find out how sunflower oil is made.
It all starts here. In front of the entrance to the plant there is such a house with a canopy. This is a laboratory where a truck with seeds arrives. Here the quality of the seeds arriving at the plant is determined (weediness, moisture content, oil content, pest infestation, etc.). If the seeds do not meet the requirements, they are taken back to the manufacturer. There are dozens of these trucks with trailers parked in front of the entrance to the plant.
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Then the truck with the seeds is weighed.
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Then you need to unload the seeds. This happens as follows - the truck drives onto a special lift, where it is secured with chains, then it rises at an angle, and the seeds are unloaded into a special container. From there they are sent along transport belts to be cleaned of debris and, if necessary, to a dryer for drying. And the seeds can already be transferred for storage to silos (storages).
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The huge cylindrical containers in the photo are those same storage facilities. Here the seeds are stored at a certain temperature. The higher the oil content of the seeds, the greater the oil yield.
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There are many different containers on the territory of the plant. Some are for storing seeds, others are for storing processed raw materials - cake, meal. I will tell you what this is further.
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By the way, the meal looks like this.
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Go ahead. Traffic on the territory of the plant is organized more strictly than in the traffic regulations: there are prohibitory signs everywhere, and pedestrians are allowed to walk on the territory of the plant only in a designated lane.
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The plant has its own railway line. From here, processed raw materials (oil, meal) go to various regions.
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But let's get back to production. Seeds ready for processing are transported via transport belts to the first stage of production.
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In the seed processing workshop, the seeds are dehulled (destroyed) and separated from the kernel.
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Collapse occurs in these devices. With the help of centrifugal force, the seeds are broken against the whips, resulting in a rushanka (kernel and husk). Then the kernels are separated from the husks and each part goes its own way for further processing.
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The kernel is sent for moisture-heat treatment in a fryer, where it is heated to 90C and is prepared for squeezing the oil in presses. At this stage, press oil is obtained, which, after filtration, is sent for temporary storage, and the resulting solid and still oily cake is transferred to the next stage.
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The characteristic taste of oil after hot pressing is reminiscent of roasted sunflower seeds. Oils obtained by hot pressing are more intensely colored and flavored due to oxidation products that are formed during heating. Cold-pressed sunflower oil is obtained from mint without heating. The advantage of this oil is that it retains most of the beneficial substances: antioxidants, vitamins, lecithin. The negative point is that such a product cannot be stored for a long time, it quickly becomes cloudy, goes rancid and becomes hazardous to health.
The cake remaining after pressing the oil is transferred to extraction for deeper extraction of oil. or used in animal husbandry. Sunflower oil obtained by pressing is called pressed oil, because after pressing it is only settled and filtered. This product has high taste and nutritional properties.
In the photo I am holding a piece of cake.
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No Hipsters Allowed!
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This building houses equipment for refining (purifying) oil from accompanying organic impurities. Refined oil has virtually no color, taste or smell. The cleaning process consists of several stages.
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At the first stage, phosphatides are removed or hydrated - treated with a small amount of hot water - up to 70 ° C. As a result, phospholipids become insoluble in oil and precipitate, after which they are separated in centrifugal separators. , Phospholipids are useful substances, but are not stable in oil. During storage, they form a sediment in the oil and the oil begins to go rancid, and when frying in a frying pan, they burn.
Refined oil has a slightly lower biological value than raw oil, since some of the phosphatides are removed during hydration, but it is stored longer. This treatment makes the vegetable oil transparent, after which it is called commercial hydrated.
In the second stage, the oil is bleached. Bleaching is the treatment of oil with adsorbents of natural origin (most often special clays) that absorb coloring components, after which the oil is clarified. Pigments pass into the oil from the seeds and also threaten oxidation of the finished product. After bleaching, the oil becomes light yellow in color.
Tools for maintaining oil filtration devices in working order.
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After bleaching, the oil is sent to the freezing section. Freezing is the removal of wax from oil. All seeds are covered with wax, this is a kind of protection against natural factors. Wax makes the oil cloudy and thereby spoils its presentation. The purification process in this case occurs by cooling the oil to a temperature of 8-10 C and adding cellulose (natural origin), after keeping the oil at this temperature and subsequent filtration, the oil turns out transparent.
Deodorization is the removal of free fatty acids and aromatic substances by exposing sunflower oil to hot, intense steam at high temperatures under high vacuum conditions. During this process, odorous substances and free fatty acids, which characterize the quality of the oil, are removed. In addition, deodorization removes odorants that give the oil its taste and smell, as well as pesticides.
Removing the above undesirable impurities leads to the possibility of increasing the shelf life of the oil. Having gone through all the stages, vegetable oil becomes impersonal - without color, taste, smell. Margarine, mayonnaise, cooking fats are made from this product, and are used for canning and frying.
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After all the circles of cleaning hell, the oil ends up in these huge containers. Sorry for using the word “huge” once again, but the scale of production is such that everything here is huge).
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The oil will be delivered to individual customers in a tank.
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We learned about the process of oil production and its purification, now let's go to the final stage - to the bottling shop.
Seeing this slogan, another sphere of human activity came to mind, which I will not voice now. What associations do you have?
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But before visiting the workshop, you must put on gowns, a cap, shoe covers and wash your hands. Almost all food production facilities have such rules.
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Remember these rules.
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The bottles into which the oil will be poured are made like all plastic bottles from such preforms. There are different preforms for bottles of different capacities.
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They are loaded into this container, it moves the preforms into a blow molding machine, which blows the bottle out of it at the right temperature.
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It goes like this:
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This is such simple magic.
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And it goes into the next device, where oil is poured. By the way, the oil comes here through pipes from those same containers of 500 and 800 cubic meters.
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The bottle is screwed on with a cap and continues on its way.
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At the next stage, the bottle is covered with a label.
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Along the way, the devices detect bottles that are incorrectly covered or do not meet the requirements - without a cap, etc. They are rejected.
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I saw an interesting sign, I don’t know what it means. Can anyone tell me?
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The bottles are then piled up so that the suction cup machine can fill the box in one go.
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For transportation, they are folded in several rows and wrapped in polyethylene.
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After that, the electric cars place the pallet with boxes on the rack, waiting for the oil to travel to the stores.
The plant's capacity allows it to process 540,000 tons of raw materials and produce over 200 million bottles of sunflower oil per year.
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Finally, I will clearly show all the stages of oil production in three pictures.
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Now you know how sunflower oil is obtained. I hope you had the strength to read to the end)
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